{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,13]],"date-time":"2026-06-13T14:18:30Z","timestamp":1781360310238,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Infective endocarditis caused by <jats:italic>non-HACEK<\/jats:italic> gram-negative bacilli (GNB-IE) is rare but associated with significant morbidity and case fatality. Evidence on optimal treatment and management is limited. We aimed to describe the characteristics and management of GNB-IE patients, investigating factors associated with disease acquisition and unfavorable outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective descriptive single-center study (tertiary care and referral hospital) between 2015 and 2021, including adult patients with definite GNB-IE. We reviewed demographic, clinical and microbiological data, focusing on predisposing factors, clinical outcomes and 1-year mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 1093 patients with probable or definite IE, 19 patients (median age 69 years) had definite GNB-IE, with an increasing incidence throughout the study period. Median age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index score was 4 points. Prosthetic valve IE (PVIE) was present in 7\/19 (37%) patients. Nosocomial acquisition occurred in 8\/19 (42%) patients. <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were the most common pathogens. Beta-lactam (BL) based combination therapy was applied in 12\/19 (63%) patients (58% BL\u2009+\u2009fluoroquinolone, 42% BL\u2009+\u2009aminoglycoside). Cardiac surgery was required in 8\/19 (42%) patients (PVIE 71%, native valve IE 25%), primarily for embolism prevention and heart failure. Complications occurred in 14\/19 (74%) patients. The in-hospital mortality rate was 21% (4\/19); the one-year mortality rate was 44% (7\/16). One-year mortality did not significantly differ between patients who underwent cardiac surgery and patients managed with anti-infective treatment alone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.633).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>GNB-IE affects elderly patients with high comorbidity levels and recent health-care exposure. GNB-IE was associated with high complication rates and high mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02392-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,24]],"date-time":"2024-09-24T06:03:00Z","timestamp":1727157780000},"page":"405-413","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Non-HACEK gram-negative bacilli infective endocarditis: data from a retrospective German cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8642-6067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliane","family":"D\u00f6rfler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herko","family":"Grubitzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Schneider-Reigbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miralem","family":"Pasic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frieder","family":"Pf\u00e4fflin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Stegemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif E.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Kurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tilman","family":"Lingscheid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2392_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calder\u00f3n Parra J, De Castro-Campos D, Mu\u00f1oz Garc\u00eda P, Olmedo Samperio M, Mar\u00edn Arriaza M, De Alarc\u00f3n A, Gutierrez-Carretero E, Fari\u00f1as Alvarez MC, Mir\u00f3 Meda JM, Goneaga Sanchez M\u00c1, Rodriguez Garc\u00eda R, Ojeda Burgos G, Valcarce-Gonzalez Z, Ramos-Martinez A. 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