{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T16:27:50Z","timestamp":1789921670696,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002957","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Since winter 2022, invasive GAS (iGAS) infections have re-emerged in Europe, causing severe diseases in children and adults. We aimed to examine whether this reported post-pandemic increase was associated with an increased disease severity and\/or a shift in clinical disease phenotypes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We performed detailed clinical phenotyping of patients hospitalized with iGAS infections at a 1410-bed tertiary German Medical Center from 01\/2015 to 09\/2023.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>One hundred seventy-eight patients were included: 50 children (28.1%) and 128 adults (71.9%). IGAS infections of Q1\/2023 exceeded the pre-pandemic average by 551% (1200% for children). The mean age of affected patients shifted significantly post-pandemically (49.5\u2009\u00b1\u200926.5 to 32.4\u2009\u00b1\u200928.2\u00a0years of age, p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05), mainly due to the higher percentage of children affected with iGAS infections (15.2% pre-pandemic, 44.2% post-pandemic). CFR was significantly lower for children (2%) compared to adults (11.7%) (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and decreased from 13% to 6.5% post-pandemically (p\u2009=\u20090.148). Duration of antibiotic therapy (13.5 (10 to 21) to 10 (9 to 14) days), length of hospital (10 (4 to 25) to 7 (5 to 15) days), and ICU stay (7.0 (2.5 to 18.0) to 5.0 (3.0 to 8.5) days) were shorter post-pandemically. Despite the higher post-pandemic percentage of affected children, PICU admissions (57% before to 32% after), use of catecholamines (28.6% to 11.8%), invasive ventilation (35.7% to 17.6%) and CFR (7% to 0%) were all lower after the pandemic.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children were at higher risk for iGAS infections post-pandemically. The surge of post-pandemic iGAS infections was not accompanied by increased iGAS-associated morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02413-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T06:02:58Z","timestamp":1729144978000},"page":"991-1000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Post-COVID-19-pandemic changes and clinical characteristics of invasive group a streptococcal infections from 2015 to 2023"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Markos K.","family":"Tomidis Chatzimanouil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susann","family":"R\u00f6\u00dfler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Nurjadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidoros","family":"Iakovidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinhard","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9693-4419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole","family":"Toepfner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"the Dresden G. 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