{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:53:05Z","timestamp":1790787185829,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741564800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common complications after kidney transplantation (KT), often resulting in severe outcomes like acute graft failure and sepsis. Factors such as diabetes, age, sex, and type of transplantation significantly influence disease progression. Rising antibiotic resistance complicates treatment, emphasizing the importance of Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS), particularly during the post-transplant immunosuppression phase. Recent changes in treatment protocols, including a shift away from treating asymptomatic bacteriuria and modifications in antibiotic prescribing, highlight the need for updated resistance trend analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study at the University Hospital Essen analyzed urine samples from kidney transplant outpatients from 2013 to 2022. Pathogen identification and resistance testing focused on common UTI pathogens, including\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      .,\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Data on antibiotic prescriptions were sourced from the North Rhine Association of Statutory Health Insurance since 2017.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 10,508 urine samples collected from 6962 patients, bacterial growth was detected in 4126 samples (39%).\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia (E.) coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most frequent pathogen (41%).\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      ., which accounted for 11.7% of all pathogens, showed increasing resistance to piperacillin\/tazobactam and ceftazidime. Resistance rates\n                      <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      showing a significant decline in levofloxacin (100% resistance in 2014 in all isolates, compared to 2% in 2022). An increasing concern in our cohort is the prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative pathogens, particularly\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp.,<\/jats:italic>\n                      which are being detected with greater frequency. In our center, we have observed a significant increase in the use of oral antibiotics recommended for first-line therapy. This shift is attributed to updated guidelines and therapeutic recommendations. Consequently, oral cephalosporins are now rarely used due to their low bioavailability.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance to address antibiotic resistance in KT recipients. Increasing resistance in pathogens like\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella spp<\/jats:italic>\n                      . necessitates new antimicrobial strategies. Findings should inform future guidelines to preserve antibiotic effectiveness and improve therapeutic outcomes in this vulnerable patient population.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T02:43:01Z","timestamp":1741574581000},"page":"1755-1768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens after kidney transplantation: a 10-year single-center survey in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Bra\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"J\u00e4ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Jacquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"G\u00e4ckler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"J\u00fcrgens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Reinold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Eisenberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.-M.","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Kribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Witzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Rohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2493_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.03.046","volume":"47","author":"Z Adamska","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adamska Z, et al. Bacterial infections in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Proc. 2015;47(6):1808\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2015.03.046.","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2493_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2048","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65503-6","volume":"166","author":"O Witzke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Witzke O. Impact of febrile infections on the long-term function of kidney allografts. J Urol. 2001;166(6):2048\u201352.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2493_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102491","volume":"17","author":"NE Alotaibi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alotaibi NE. Incidence and risk factors of infections following kidney transplantation. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(8):102491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2024.102491. (Epub 2024 Jul 2).","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2493_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329778","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1329778","volume":"11","author":"JE Brune","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brune JE, Swiss Transplant Cohort Study, et al. Frequency and impact on renal transplant outcomes of urinary tract infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing\u00a0Escherichia coli\u00a0and\u00a0Klebsiella species. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1329778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1329778.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2493_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A06230424","DOI":"10.61409\/A06230424","volume":"71","author":"AD Hamilton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hamilton AD, et al. Reduced graft survival in renal transplant patients with urinary tract infections\u2014a meta-analysis. Dan Med J. 2024;71(2):A06230424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.61409\/A06230424.","journal-title":"Dan Med J"},{"issue":"6","key":"2493_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.05.065","volume":"40","author":"M Veroux","year":"2008","unstructured":"Veroux M. Infective complications in renal allograft recipients: epidemiology and outcome. Transpl Proc. 2008;40(6):1873\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2008.05.065.","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"10","key":"2493_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.08.022","volume":"50","author":"A Al Midani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al Midani A. Impact of urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients: a 4-year single-center experience. Transpl Proc. 2018;50(10):3351\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.transproceed.2018.08.022. (Epub 2018 Sep 7).","journal-title":"Transpl Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"2493_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00744.x","volume":"14","author":"E Vidal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vidal E, et al. Spanish network for research in infectious diseases (REIPI). Bacterial urinary tract infection after solid organ transplantation in the RESITRA cohort. Transpl Infect Dis. 2012;14(6):595\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2012.00744.x. (Epub 2012 Jun 1).","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s00120-010-2470-x","volume":"50","author":"S Becker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Becker S, et al. Harnwegsinfektionen nach Nierentransplantation\u202f: Essener Algorithmus zur kalkulierten Antibiotikatherapie [urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation: Essen algorithm for calculated antibiotic treatment]. Urologe A. 2011;50(1):53\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00120-010-2470-x.","journal-title":"Urologe A"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-017-0580-z","volume":"18","author":"J Korth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Korth J, et al. Increased resistance of Gram-negative urinary pathogens after kidney transplantation. BMC Nephrol. 2017;18(1):164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-017-0580-z.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"2493_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11010226","volume":"11","author":"J Strohaeker","year":"2022","unstructured":"Strohaeker J, et al. Urinary tract infections in kidney transplant recipients\u2014is there a need for antibiotic stewardship? J Clin Med. 2022;11:226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11010226.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2493_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13507","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.13507","volume":"33","author":"JD Goldman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldman JD, et al. Urinary tract infections in solid organ transplant recipients: guidelines from the American society of transplantation infectious diseases community of practice. Clin Transpl. 2019;33(9):e13507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.13507. (Epub 2019 Mar 28).","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2493_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","volume":"18","author":"A-P Magiorakos","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magiorakos A-P, et al. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(3):268\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"2493_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac268","volume":"75","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tamma PD. Infectious diseases society of America 2022 guidance on the treatment of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR-P. aeruginosa). Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75(2):187\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac268.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2493_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-019-00585-3","volume":"32","author":"M Fiorentino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fiorentino M, et al. Updates on urinary tract infections in kidney transplantation. J Nephrol. 2019;32:751\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-019-00585-3.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"2493_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861374","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.861374","volume":"12","author":"B Krawczyk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krawczyk B, et al. Urinary tract infections caused by K. pneumoniae in kidney transplant recipients\u2014epidemiology, virulence and antibiotic resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:861374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcimb.2022.861374.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"2493_CR17","unstructured":"https:\/\/amr.rki.de\/Content\/Datenbank\/ARS\/ResistanceOverview.aspx. Accessed 10 May 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"2493_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.009","volume":"54","author":"H Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang H, et al. Antimicrobial resistance comparison of Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogens isolated from intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in different organs, hospital departments and regions of China between 2014 and 2017. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2021;54(4):639\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.03.009.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"2493_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pop.2018.05.005","volume":"45","author":"A Thomas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Thomas A. Urinary tract infection antibiotic resistance in the United States. Prim Care Clin Off Pract. 2018;45(3):455\u201366.","journal-title":"Prim Care Clin Off Pract"},{"key":"2493_CR20","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.dso.de\/organspende\/statistiken-berichte\/organspende. Accessed 15 May 2024."},{"key":"2493_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/medicine\/articles\/, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2024.1329778\/full. Accessed  19 May 2024.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1329778\/full"},{"issue":"9459","key":"2493_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17907-0","volume":"365","author":"H Goossens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goossens H, ESAC Project Group, et al. Outpatient antibiotic use in Europe and association with resistance: a cross-national database study. Lancet. 2005;365(9459):579\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)17907-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"2493_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20240002","DOI":"10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-2024-0002en","volume":"46","author":"RS Gangula","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gangula RS, et al. Effect of urinary tract infection on the outcome of the allograft in patients with kidney transplantation. J Bras Nefrol. 2024;46(4):e20240002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2175-8239-JBN-2024-0002en. (PMID: 39311799).","journal-title":"J Bras Nefrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2493_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/ctr.12465","volume":"28","author":"JE Go\u0142\u0119biewska","year":"2014","unstructured":"Go\u0142\u0119biewska JE, D\u0119bska-\u015alizie\u0144 A, Rutkowski B. Urinary tract infections during the first year after renal transplantation: one center\u2019s experience and a review of the literature. Clin Transpl. 2014;28(11):1263\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ctr.12465. (Epub 2014 Oct 15 PMID: 25251447).","journal-title":"Clin Transpl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2493_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12828","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12828","volume":"20","author":"I Hollyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hollyer I, Ison MG. The challenge of urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20(2):e12828. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12828. (Epub 2018 Jan 25. PMID: 29272071).","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2493_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0134737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134737","volume":"10","author":"MJ Espinar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Espinar MJ. Urinary tract infections in kidney transplant patients due to Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae-producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: risk factors and molecular epidemiology. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(8):e0134737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0134737.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2493_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08207-x","volume":"23","author":"M O\u2019Brien","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien M. Unmet needs in uncomplicated urinary tract infection in the United States and Germany: a physician survey. BMC Infect Dis. 2023;23:281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-023-08207-x.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2493_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq257","volume":"52","author":"K Gupta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, Morane GJ, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the infectious diseases society of America and the European society for microbiology and infectious diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52(5):e103\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciq257.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2493_CR29","unstructured":"https:\/\/register.awmf.org\/assets\/guidelines\/043-044k_S3_Harnwegsinfektionen_2017-05.pdf. Accessed  29 May 2024."},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.4102\/sajid.v37i1.321","volume":"37","author":"LB Mosime","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mosime LB. Fosfomycin resistance in community-acquired urinary pathogens from Western Cape, South Africa. S Afr J Infect Dis. 2022;37(1):321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4102\/sajid.v37i1.321.","journal-title":"S Afr J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2493_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e83","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1121","volume":"68","author":"LE Nicolle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicolle LE, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the management of asymptomatic bacteriuria: 2019 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(10):e83\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy1121.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2493_CR32","unstructured":"Bundesinstitut f\u00fcr Arzneimittel und Medizinprodukte. Rote-Hand-Brief zu Fluorchinolon-Antibiotika: Schwerwiegende und anhaltende, die Lebensqualit\u00e4t beeintr\u00e4chtigende und m\u00f6glicherweise irreversibleNebenwirkungen. 2019. https:\/\/www.bfarm.de\/SharedDocs\/Risikoinformationen\/Pharmakovigilanz\/DE\/RHB\/2019\/rhb-fluorchinolone.html. Accessed 18 May 2024."},{"key":"2493_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics1006068","volume":"10","author":"M H\u00f6ller","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00f6ller M, et al. Treatment of urinary tract infections with Canephron\u00ae in Germany: a retrospective database analysis. Antibiotics. 2021;10:685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics1006068.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"3","key":"2493_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02005-y","volume":"51","author":"N Jung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jung N, et al. Choosing wisely internationally\u2014helpful recommendations for antimicrobial stewardship! Infection. 2023;51(3):567\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02005-y. (Epub 2023 Feb 25).","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"2493_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.12.006","volume":"29","author":"BJ Langford","year":"2023","unstructured":"Langford BJ. Antibiotic resistance associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2023;29(3):302\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2022.12.006. (Epub 2022 Dec 9).","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1038\/s43856-023-00386-7","volume":"3","author":"SJC Pallett","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pallett SJC, et al. The contribution of human conflict to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Commun Med (Lond). 2023;3(1):153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s43856-023-00386-7.","journal-title":"Commun Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.03.035","volume":"86","author":"J Franz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Franz J, et al. European association of urology guidelines on urological infections: summary of the 2024 guidelines. Eur Urol. 2024;86(1):27\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eururo.2024.03.035. (Epub 2024 May 6).","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2493_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2019.1680052","volume":"132","author":"MS Bader","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bader MS, et al. Treatment of urinary tract infections in the era of antimicrobial resistance and new antimicrobial agents. Postgrad Med. 2020;132(3):234\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2019.1680052. (Epub 2019 Oct 24).","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2493_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2023.2279104","volume":"21","author":"N Frimodt-M\u00f8ller","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frimodt-M\u00f8ller N, et al. Treating urinary tract infections in the era of antibiotic resistance. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2023;21(12):1301\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14787210.2023.2279104. (Epub 2023 Nov 24).","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"2493_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad060","volume":"78","author":"RR Watkins","year":"2023","unstructured":"Watkins RR, et al. Gepotidacin: a novel, oral, \u2018first-in-class\u2019 triazaacenaphthylene antibiotic for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections and urogenital gonorrhoea. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2023;78(5):1137\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkad060.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2493_CR41","unstructured":"Gelbe Liste. Lieferengpass Nitroxolib forte. https:\/\/www.gelbe-liste.de\/lieferengpaesse\/lieferengpass-nitroxolin-forte. Accessed 10 May 2024"},{"issue":"5","key":"2493_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-199528050-00003","volume":"28","author":"ME Klepser","year":"1995","unstructured":"Klepser ME, et al. Clinical pharmacokinetics of newer cephalosporins. Clin Pharmacokinet. 1995;28(5):361\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00003088-199528050-00003. (PMID: 7614776).","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"5","key":"2493_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39029","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.39029","volume":"15","author":"A Rafey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rafey A. Antibiotics associated with Clostridium difficile infection. Cureus. 2023;15(5):e39029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.39029.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"2493_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-020-03173-4","volume":"38","author":"S Stoltidis-C Ayd\u0131n","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stoltidis-C Ayd\u0131n S, et al. Five compelling UTI questions after kidney transplant. World J Urol. 2020;38(11):2733\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00345-020-03173-4. (Epub 2020 Apr 7).","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab003","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab003","volume":"3","author":"AK Sugianli","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sugianli AK, et al. Antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(1):dlab003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab003.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"2493_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871526522666220928115043","volume":"23","author":"BS Alotaibi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alotaibi BS, et al. Resistance pattern in mostly Gram-negative bacteria causing urinary tract infections. Infect Disord Drug Targets. 2023;23(2): e280922209238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1871526522666220928115043.","journal-title":"Infect Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"1","key":"2493_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20240921","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2024-0921","volume":"19","author":"M Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao M, et al. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing with conventional urine culture for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections: a meta-analysis. Open Med (Wars). 2024;19(1):20240921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/med-2024-0921.","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T13:41:21Z","timestamp":1758721281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2493"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02493-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose related to this study. Oliver Witzke is an editor of Infection and has received research funding, speaker honoraria, or travel support from the following companies: Amgen, Alexion, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Correvio, Chiesi, Gilead, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, Dr. F. K\u00f6hler Chemie, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, TEVA, and UCB.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen (Apporval No. 23\u201311437-BO).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}