{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T19:56:49Z","timestamp":1780516609087,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T05:19:29Z","timestamp":1749791969000},"page":"2371-2382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Cost-effectiveness analysis of HPV vaccination of men who have sex with men in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Cody","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cornelia","family":"W\u00e4hner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regine","family":"W\u00f6lle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kreuter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens Peter","family":"Klussmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Luzak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Reuschenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2567_CR1","unstructured":"Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO); International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). HPV Information Centre. www.hpvcentre.net; 2023 [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"issue":"9590","key":"2567_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61416-0","volume":"370","author":"M Schiffman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schiffman M, Castle PE, Jeronimo J, Rodriguez AC, Wacholder S. Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet. 2007;370(9590):890\u2013907.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2567_CR3","unstructured":"AG HPV der St\u00e4ndigen Impfkommission (STIKO). Wissenschaftliche Begr\u00fcndung f\u00fcr die Empfehlung der HPV-Diese Woche 26\/2018 Impfung f\u00fcr Jungen im Alter von 9 bis 14 Jahren. In. Epid Bull 2018;26:233\u2013250 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1633-9","volume":"16","author":"S Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor S, Bunge E, Bakker M, Castellsagu\u00e9 X. The incidence, clearance and persistence of non-cervical human papillomavirus infections: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16(1):293.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2567_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1086\/425906","volume":"190","author":"PV Chin-Hong","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chin-Hong PV, Vittinghoff E, Cranston RD, Buchbinder S, Cohen D, Colfax G, Da Costa M, Darragh T, Hess E, Judson F. Age-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV-negative sexually active men who have sex with men: the EXPLORE study. J Infect Dis. 2004;190(12):2070\u20136.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2567_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.2015.90","volume":"112","author":"E King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King E, Gilson R, Beddows S, Soldan K, Panwar K, Young C, Prah P, Jit M, Edmunds W, Sonnenberg P. Human papillomavirus DNA in men who have sex with men: type-specific prevalence, risk factors and implications for vaccination strategies. Br J Cancer. 2015;112(9):1585\u201393.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2567_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van Der Snoek EM, Niesters HG, Mulder PG, Van Doornum GJ, Osterhaus AD, van der Meijden WI. Human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men participating in a Dutch gay-cohort study. Sex Transm Dis. 2003 30(8):639\u201344.","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000079520.04451.59"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiq016","volume":"203","author":"S Goldstone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldstone S, Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Moreira ED Jr, Aranda C, Jessen H, Hillman RJ, Ferris DG, Coutlee F, Liaw K-L. Prevalence of and risk factors for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among HIV-seronegative men who have sex with men. J Infect Dis. 2011;203(1):66\u201374.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2567_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70080-3","volume":"13","author":"DA Machalek","year":"2012","unstructured":"Machalek DA, Poynten M, Jin F, Fairley CK, Farnsworth A, Garland SM, Hillman RJ, Petoumenos K, Roberts J, Tabrizi SN. Anal human papillomavirus infection and associated neoplastic lesions in men who have sex with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(5):487\u2013500.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2567_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2015.08.019","volume":"305","author":"U Wieland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wieland U, Hellmich M, Wetendorf J, Potthoff A, H\u00f6fler D, Swoboda J, Fuchs W, Brockmeyer N, Pfister H, Kreuter A. Smoking and anal high-risk human papillomavirus DNA loads in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Int J Med Microbiol. 2015;305(7):689\u201396.","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-9-180","volume":"9","author":"U Marcus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marcus U, Schmidt AJ, Hamouda O, Bochow M. Estimating the regional distribution of men who have sex with men (MSM) based on internet surveys. BMC Public Health. 2009;9(1):180.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-015-0054-6","volume":"5","author":"N Kotsopoulos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kotsopoulos N, Connolly MP, Remy V. Quantifying the broader economic consequences of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Germany applying a government perspective framework. Health Econ Rev. 2015;5(1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"2567_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"St\u00e4ndige Impfkommission (STIKO). Empfehlungen der St\u00e4ndigen impfkommission (STIKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut. Epid Bull. 2023;4:3\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25646\/10829.","DOI":"10.25646\/10829"},{"key":"2567_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"(STIKO) St\u00e4ndige Impfkommission. Empfehlungen der St\u00e4ndigen impfkommission (STIKO) beim Robert Koch-Institut. Epid Bull. 2022;48:3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25646\/10838.","DOI":"10.25646\/10838"},{"key":"2567_CR15","unstructured":"Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften (AWMF). Evidenz- und konsensbasierte Leitlinie_Impfpr\u00e4vention HPV-assoziierter Neoplasien - AWMF-Register Nr.: 082\u2013002. https:\/\/register.awmf.org\/assets\/guidelines\/082-002m_S3_Impfpraevention-HPV-assoziierter-Neoplasien_2020-07_01.pdf [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"key":"2567_CR16","unstructured":"Canadian Immunization Guide. Part 4 - Active Vaccines. [https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/publications\/healthy-living\/canadian-immunization-guide-part-4-active-vaccines.html. [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"key":"2567_CR17","unstructured":"French National Authority for Health. Vaccine recommendation. 2019 Dec 16. https:\/\/has-sante.fr\/jcms\/p_3116022\/fr\/recommandation-sur-l-elargissement-de-la-vaccination-contre-les-papillomavirus-aux-garcons [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"issue":"2","key":"2567_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001560","volume":"49","author":"C Chambers","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chambers C, Deeks SL, Sutradhar R, Cox J, de Pokomandy A, Grennan T, Hart TA, Lambert G, Moore DM, Coutl\u00e9e F. Anal human papillomavirus prevalence among vaccinated and unvaccinated gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men in Canada. Sex Transm Dis. 2022;49(2):123.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2567_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.01.069","volume":"37","author":"H Mikamo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikamo H, Yamagishi Y, Murata S, Yokokawa R, Han SR, Wakana A, Sawata M, Tanaka Y. Efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of a quadrivalent HPV vaccine in Japanese men: A randomized, phase 3, placebo-controlled study. Vaccine. 2019;37(12):1651\u20138.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2567_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae394","volume":"231","author":"CL DeSisto","year":"2025","unstructured":"DeSisto CL, Winer RL, Querec TD, Dada D, Pathela P, Asbel L, Lin J, Tang J, Iqbal A, Meites E, et al. Vaccine effectiveness against anal HPV among men who have sex with men aged 18\u201345 years attending sexual health clinics in 3 united States cities, 2018\u20132023. J Infect Dis. 2025;231(3):751\u201361.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"2567_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1010971","volume":"365","author":"JM Palefsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palefsky JM, Giuliano AR, Goldstone S, Moreira ED Jr., Aranda C, Jessen H, Hillman R, Ferris D, Coutlee F, Stoler MH, et al. HPV vaccine against anal HPV infection and anal intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(17):1576\u201385.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2567_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-018-1098-3","volume":"16","author":"T Harder","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harder T, Wichmann O, Klug SJ, van der Sande MA, Wiese-Posselt M. Efficacy, effectiveness and safety of vaccination against human papillomavirus in males: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2018;16(1):1\u201314.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2567_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(97)00014-X","volume":"145","author":"HW Hethcote","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hethcote HW. An age-structured model for pertussis transmission. Math Biosci. 1997;145(2):89\u2013136.","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"issue":"1300","key":"2567_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1993.0143","volume":"342","author":"GP Garnett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Garnett GP, Anderson RM. Factors controlling the spread of HIV in heterosexual communities in developing countries: patterns of mixing between different age and sexual activity classes. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc Lond Ser B: Biol Sci. 1993;342(1300):137\u201359.","journal-title":"Philosophical Trans Royal Soc Lond Ser B: Biol Sci"},{"key":"2567_CR25","unstructured":"Zentrum f\u00fcr Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD). Database Query. Zentrum f\u00fcr Krebsregisterdaten (ZfKD): Database Query. (krebsdaten.de) [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"key":"2567_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2020.100401","volume":"23","author":"SK Kjaer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kjaer SK, Nyg\u00e5rd M, Sundstr\u00f6m K, Dillner J, Tryggvadottir L, Munk C, Berger S, Enerly E, Hortlund M, \u00c1g\u00fastsson \u00c1I. Final analysis of a 14-year long-term follow-up study of the effectiveness and immunogenicity of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine in women from four nordic countries. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;23:100401.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"2567_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1839292","volume":"17","author":"SK Kjaer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kjaer SK, Nyg\u00e5rd M, Sundstr\u00f6m K, Munk C, Berger S, Dzabic M, Fridrich KE, Waldstr\u00f8m M, S\u00f8rbye SW, Bautista O. Long-term effectiveness of the nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in Scandinavian women: interim analysis after 8 years of follow-up. Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 2021;17(4):943\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"key":"2567_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daniels V, Prabhu VS, Palmer C, Samant S, Kothari S, Roberts C, Elbasha E. Public health impact and cost-effectiveness of catch-up 9-valent HPV vaccination of individuals through age 45 years in the united States. Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 2021;17(7):1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2020.1852870"},{"issue":"5","key":"2567_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0909537","volume":"364","author":"AR Giuliano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giuliano AR, Palefsky JM, Goldstone S, Moreira ED Jr., Penny ME, Aranda C, Vardas E, Moi H, Jessen H, Hillman R, et al. Efficacy of quadrivalent HPV vaccine against HPV infection and disease in males. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(5):401\u201311.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2567_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw845","volume":"64","author":"A Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin A, Ong KJ, Hobbelen P, King E, Mesher D, Edmunds WJ, Sonnenberg P, Gilson R, Bains I, Choi YH, et al. Impact and Cost-effectiveness of selective human papillomavirus vaccination of men who have sex with men. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;64(5):580\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2567_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W\u00e4hner C, H\u00fcbner J, Meisel D, Schelling J, Zingel R, Mihm S, W\u00f6lle R, Reuschenbach M. Uptake of HPV vaccination among boys after the introduction of gender-neutral HPV vaccination in Germany before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Infection. 2023.","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-01978-0"},{"key":"2567_CR32","unstructured":"Damm O, Horn J, Scholz S, Greiner W, Mikolajczyk R, Wittenberg HS. Modellierung der Langfristigen epidemiologischen und Gesundheits\u00f6konomischen auswirkungen der impfung von jungen gegen humane papillomviren (HPV) in Deutschland. Abschlussbericht. In.; 2018."},{"key":"2567_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e067975","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-067975","volume":"376","author":"D Husereau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Husereau D, Drummond M, Augustovski F, de Bekker-Grob E, Briggs AH, Carswell C, Caulley L, Chaiyakunapruk N, Greenberg D, Loder E, et al. Consolidated health economic evaluation reporting standards 2022 (CHEERS 2022) statement: updated reporting guidance for health economic evaluations. BMJ. 2022;376:e067975.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"2567_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.12.007","volume":"69","author":"L Alemany","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alemany L, Cubilla A, Halec G, Kasamatsu E, Quir\u00f3s B, Masferrer E, Tous S, Lloveras B, Hern\u00e1ndez-Suarez G, Lonsdale R. Role of human papillomavirus in penile carcinomas worldwide. Eur Urol. 2016;69(5):953\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2567_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"djv403","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv403","volume":"108","author":"X Castellsague","year":"2016","unstructured":"Castellsague X, Alemany L, Quer M, Halec G, Quiros B, Tous S, Clavero O, Alos L, Biegner T, Szafarowski T, et al. HPV involvement in head and neck cancers: comprehensive assessment of biomarkers in 3680 patients. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2016;108(6):djv403.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2567_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-19-0098","volume":"12","author":"C Wittekindt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wittekindt C, Wagner S, Bushnak A, Prigge ES, von Knebel Doeberitz M, W\u00fcrdemann N, Bernhardt K, Pons-K\u00fchnemann J, Maulbecker-Armstrong C, Klussmann JP. Increasing incidence rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma in Germany and significance of disease burden attributed to human papillomavirus. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2019;12(6):375\u201382.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res (Phila)"},{"issue":"2","key":"2567_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053283","volume":"94","author":"AG Nyitray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nyitray AG, Hicks JT, Hwang L-Y, Baraniuk S, White M, Millas S, Onwuka N, Zhang X, Brown EL, Ross MW. A phase II clinical study to assess the feasibility of self and partner anal examinations to detect anal Canal abnormalities including anal cancer. Sex Transm Infect. 2018;94(2):124\u201330.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"2567_CR38","unstructured":"Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis). Gross domestic product (GDP). https:\/\/www.destatis.de\/EN\/Themes\/Economy\/National-Accounts-Domestic-Product\/Tables\/gdp-bubbles.html [accessed 5 July 2023]."},{"issue":"51","key":"2567_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.10.052","volume":"32","author":"AA Deshmukh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deshmukh AA, Chiao EY, Das P, Cantor SB. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in HIV-negative men who have sex with men to prevent recurrent high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Vaccine. 2014;32(51):6941\u20137.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"12","key":"2567_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70219-X","volume":"10","author":"JJ Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim JJ. Targeted human papillomavirus vaccination of men who have sex with men in the USA: a cost-effectiveness modelling analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2010;10(12):845\u201352.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"37","key":"2567_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.07.078","volume":"35","author":"L Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang L, Regan DG, Ong JJ, Gambhir M, Chow EP, Zou H, Law M, Hocking J, Fairley CK. Targeted human papillomavirus vaccination for young men who have sex with men in Australia yields significant population benefits and is cost-effective. Vaccine. 2017;35(37):4923\u20139.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"24","key":"2567_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2201048","volume":"386","author":"JM Palefsky","year":"2022","unstructured":"Palefsky JM, Lee JY, Jay N, Goldstone SE, Darragh TM, Dunlevy HA, Rosa-Cunha I, Arons A, Pugliese JC, Vena D, et al. Treatment of anal High-Grade squamous intraepithelial lesions to prevent anal Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(24):2273\u201382.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T08:52:46Z","timestamp":1764751966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02567-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Cornelia W\u00e4hner, Miriam Reuschenbach and Agnes Luzak are full-time employees of MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH. Regine W\u00f6lle is a retired employee of MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH. Cody Palmer is full-time employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Jens Peter Klussmann received a research grant and honoraria as member of medical advisory boards from MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH. Alexander Kreuter received honoraria as speaker and honoraria as member of medical advisory boards from MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH. Julian Witte reports grants from MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH during the conduct of the study; grants from Sanofi, GSK, Viatris, Seqirus, Pfizer, Janssen, and DAK-Gesundheit outside the submitted work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}