{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:41:44Z","timestamp":1791996104704,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The executive summary of the guideline aims to provide the most relevant recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The guideline\u2019s work included a systematic literature search, selection and assessment of the data relevant to the issues identified. Key questions included the areas of epidemiology, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapy. They were discussed analogous to a PICO scheme within the guideline committee, with subsequent working groups proposing recommendations for specific key questions, which were then again discussed and finalized by the entire guideline committee.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to the classic risk factors (persistent neutropenia, allogeneic stem cell transplantation, congenital or acquired immunodeficiency, etc.), decompensated liver cirrhosis, COPD, solid tumours and viral pneumonia (influenza, COVID-19) have been established as risk factors for critically ill patients in need of intensive care. If there is no adequate improvement or even further clinical deterioration of the respiratory status in critically ill patients, the presence of IPA should be considered and appropriate diagnostic tests should be initiated. Diagnostics should include a CT scan of the chest and a broncho-alveolar lavage with culture for moulds, testing for galactomannan and PCR. Isavuconazole and voriconazole are recommended as first-line treatment, liposomal amphotericin B as an alternative, with posaconazole (PCZ) or the echinocandins (as an add-on to azole or polyene treatment) being additional options for salvage treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. If indicated, invasive aspergillosis should be considered and appropriate diagnostic tests initiated. Isavuconazole and voriconazole are recommended as first-line treatment, liposomal amphotericin B as an alternative.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T02:03:52Z","timestamp":1749002632000},"page":"1299-1310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Diagnosis and treatment of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill intensive care patients: executive summary of the German national guideline (AWMF 113-005)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Dominic","family":"Wichmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Hoenigl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp","family":"Koehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Koenig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederike","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Strau\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus A.","family":"Weigand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"Kurzai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus","family":"Heu\u00dfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Kochanek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2572_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07341-7","author":"M Bassetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bassetti M, Giacobbe DR, Agvald-Ohman C, Akova M, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arikan-Akdagli S, et al. Invasive fungal diseases in adult patients in intensive care unit (FUNDICU): 2024 consensus definitions from ESGCIP, EFISG, ESICM, ECMM, MSGERC, ISAC, and ISHAM. Intensive Care Med. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-024-07341-7.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01691.x","volume":"52","author":"C Lass-Florl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lass-Florl C. The changing face of epidemiology of invasive fungal disease in Europe. Mycoses. 2009;52(3):197\u2013205. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1439-0507.2009.01691.x.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2572_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101215","volume":"94","author":"C Lass-Florl","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lass-Florl C, Steixner S. The changing epidemiology of fungal infections. Mol Aspects Med. 2023;94:101215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2023.101215.","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200401-093OC","volume":"170","author":"W Meersseman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Meersseman W, Vandecasteele SJ, Wilmer A, Verbeken E, Peetermans WE, Van Wijngaerden E. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170(6):621\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.200401-093OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2572_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13274","volume":"64","author":"JD Jenks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenks JD, Nam HH, Hoenigl M. Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: review of definitions and diagnostic approaches. Mycoses. 2021;64(9):1002\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13274.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"key":"2572_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-014-0722-7","volume":"19","author":"FS Taccone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Misset B, Meersseman W, Cardoso T, et al. Epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients: clinical presentation, underlying conditions, and outcomes. Crit Care. 2015;19:7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-014-0722-7.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1367","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008","volume":"71","author":"JP Donnelly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, Steinbach WJ, Baddley JW, Verweij PE, et al. Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European organization for research and treatment of Cancer and the mycoses study group education and research consortium. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(6):1367\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciz1008.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201111-1978OC","volume":"186","author":"SI Blot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blot SI, Taccone FS, Van den Abeele AM, Bulpa P, Meersseman W, Brusselaers N, et al. A clinical algorithm to diagnose invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(1):56\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201111-1978OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2572_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-29","volume":"13","author":"JW Baddley","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baddley JW, Stephens JM, Ji X, Gao X, Schlamm HT, Tarallo M. Aspergillosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients: epidemiology and economic outcomes. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-29.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"2572_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30274-1","volume":"6","author":"A Schauwvlieghe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schauwvlieghe A, Rijnders BJA, Philips N, Verwijs R, Vanderbeke L, Van Tienen C, et al. Invasive aspergillosis in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe influenza: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Respir Med. 2018;6(10):782\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30274-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1","volume":"21","author":"P Koehler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koehler P, Bassetti M, Chakrabarti A, Chen SCA, Colombo AL, Hoenigl M, et al. Defining and managing COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: the 2020 ECMM\/ISHAM consensus criteria for research and clinical guidance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(6):e149\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30847-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2572_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kluge S, Strauss R, Kochanek M, Weigand MA, Rohde H, Lahmer T, Aspergillosis. Emerging risk groups in critically ill patients. Med Mycol. 2021;60(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myab064.","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myab064"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13403","volume":"65","author":"T Lahmer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lahmer T, Pecanha-Pietrobom PM, Schmid RM, Colombo AL. Invasive fungal infections in acute and chronic liver impairment: A systematic review. Mycoses. 2022;65(2):140\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13403.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2572_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S79","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1855","volume":"72","author":"BD Alexander","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alexander BD, Lamoth F, Heussel CP, Prokop CS, Desai SR, Morrissey CO, et al. Guidance on imaging for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis: from the imaging working group for the revision and update of the consensus definitions of fungal disease from the EORTC\/MSGERC. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(Suppl 2):S79\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1855.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2572_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-024-02358-y","author":"J Rademacher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rademacher J, Ewig S, Grabein B, Nachtigall I, Abele-Horn M, Deja M, et al. Key summary of German National guideline for adult patients with nosocomial pneumonia- update 2024 funding number at the federal joint committee (G-BA): 01VSF22007. Infection. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-024-02358-y.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"2572_CR16","unstructured":"Aghai L, Heller H, M\u00fcller-Neumann M. Jahresbericht 2009 der Strahlenschutzkommission. 2010."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2572_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","volume":"24","author":"AJ Ullmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, Denning DW, Groll AH, Lagrou K, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24(Suppl 1):e1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"2572_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Koehler P, Arenz D, EQUAL Aspergillosis Score SCM. 2018: An ECMM score derived from current guidelines to measure QUALity of the clinical management of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Mycoses. 2018;61(11):833-6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.12820","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12820"},{"key":"2572_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patterson TF, Thompson GR 3rd, Denning DW, Fishman JA, Hadley S, Herbrecht R, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of aspergillosis: 2016 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(4):e1\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciw326.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw326"},{"issue":"12","key":"2572_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340050764","volume":"24","author":"U Klein","year":"1998","unstructured":"Klein U, Karzai W, Zimmermann P, Hannemann U, Koschel U, Brunner JX, et al. Changes in pulmonary mechanics after fiberoptic Bronchoalveolar lavage in mechanically ventilated patients. Intensive Care Med. 1998;24(12):1289\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001340050764.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2572_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201612-2540LE","volume":"196","author":"FL van de Veerdonk","year":"2017","unstructured":"van de Veerdonk FL, Kolwijck E, Lestrade PP, Hodiamont CJ, Rijnders BJ, van Paassen J, et al. Influenza-Associated aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(4):524\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201612-2540LE.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"10020","key":"2572_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)01159-9","volume":"387","author":"JA Maertens","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maertens JA, Raad II, Marr KA, Patterson TF, Kontoyiannis DP, Cornely OA, et al. Isavuconazole versus voriconazole for primary treatment of invasive mould disease caused by Aspergillus and other filamentous fungi (SECURE): a phase 3, randomised-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10020):760\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)01159-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"2572_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007394","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007394.pub2","volume":"2015","author":"MM Leeflang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leeflang MM, Debets-Ossenkopp YJ, Wang J, Visser CE, Scholten RJ, Hooft L, et al. Galactomannan detection for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;2015(12):CD007394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007394.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0168921","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01689-21","volume":"60","author":"B Autier","year":"2022","unstructured":"Autier B, Prattes J, White PL, Valerio M, Machado M, Price J, et al. Aspergillus lateral flow assay with digital reader for the diagnosis of COVID-19-Associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA): a multicenter study. J Clin Microbiol. 2022;60(1):e0168921. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JCM.01689-21.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2572_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myw102","volume":"55","author":"S Eigl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eigl S, Hoenigl M, Spiess B, Heldt S, Prattes J, Neumeister P, et al. Galactomannan testing and Aspergillus PCR in same-day Bronchoalveolar lavage and blood samples for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol. 2017;55(5):528\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myw102.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.05.001","volume":"77","author":"S Heldt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heldt S, Prattes J, Eigl S, Spiess B, Flick H, Rabensteiner J, et al. Diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in hematological malignancy patients: performance of cytokines, asp LFD, and aspergillus PCR in same day blood and Bronchoalveolar lavage samples. J Infect. 2018;77(3):235\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2018.05.001.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"2572_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012399","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012399.pub2","volume":"5","author":"K de Heer","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Heer K, Gerritsen MG, Visser CE, Leeflang MM. Galactomannan detection in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid for invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;5(5):CD012399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012399.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-03367-7","volume":"24","author":"T Mercier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mercier T, Dunbar A, Veldhuizen V, Holtappels M, Schauwvlieghe A, Maertens J, et al. Point of care Aspergillus testing in intensive care patients. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-020-03367-7.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"2572_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15648","volume":"43","author":"M Egger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Egger M, Horvath A, Pruller F, Fickert P, Finkelman M, Kriegl L, et al. Fungal translocation measured by serum 1,3-ss-D-glucan correlates with severity and outcome of liver cirrhosis-A pilot study. Liver Int. 2023;43(9):1975\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/liv.15648.","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2572_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1943","volume":"72","author":"F Lamoth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lamoth F, Akan H, Andes D, Cruciani M, Marchetti O, Ostrosky-Zeichner L, et al. Assessment of the role of 1,3-beta-d-Glucan testing for the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(Suppl 2):S102\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1943.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2572_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myz002","volume":"57","author":"M Mikulska","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mikulska M, Furfaro E, De Carolis E, Drago E, Pulzato I, Borghesi ML, et al. Use of Aspergillus fumigatus real-time PCR in Bronchoalveolar lavage samples (BAL) for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, including azole-resistant cases, in high risk haematology patients: the need for a combined use with Galactomannan. Med Mycol. 2019;57(8):987\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myz002.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2572_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12953","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.12953","volume":"20","author":"E Wehrle-Wieland","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wehrle-Wieland E, Affolter K, Goldenberger D, Tschudin Sutter S, Halter J, Passweg J, et al. Diagnosis of invasive mold diseases in patients with hematological malignancies using Aspergillus, mucorales, and panfungal PCR in BAL. Transpl Infect Dis. 2018;20(5):e12953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.12953.","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2572_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD009551","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009551.pub4","volume":"9","author":"M Cruciani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cruciani M, Mengoli C, Barnes R, Donnelly JP, Loeffler J, Jones BL, et al. Polymerase chain reaction blood tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;9(9):CD009551. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009551.pub4.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2572_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002","volume":"24","author":"AJ Ullmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ullmann AJ, Aguado JM, Arikan-Akdagli S, Denning DW, Groll AH, Lagrou K, et al. Diagnosis and management of Aspergillus diseases: executive summary of the 2017 ESCMID-ECMM-ERS guideline. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018;24:e1\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.01.002.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa020191","volume":"347","author":"R Herbrecht","year":"2002","unstructured":"Herbrecht R, Denning DW, Patterson TF, Bennett JE, Greene RE, Oestmann JW, et al. Voriconazole versus amphotericin B for primary therapy of invasive aspergillosis. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(6):408\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa020191.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-015-0086-4","volume":"5","author":"S Baniasadi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baniasadi S, Farzanegan B, Alehashem M. Important drug classes associated with potential drug-drug interactions in critically ill patients: highlights for cardiothoracic intensivists. Ann Intensive Care. 2015;5(1):44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-015-0086-4.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"2572_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1086\/514341","volume":"44","author":"OA Cornely","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Maertens J, Bresnik M, Ebrahimi R, Ullmann AJ, Bouza E, et al. Liposomal amphotericin B as initial therapy for invasive mold infection: a randomized trial comparing a high-loading dose regimen with standard dosing (AmBiLoad trial). Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(10):1289\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/514341.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.7326\/m13-2508","volume":"162","author":"KA Marr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marr KA, Schlamm HT, Herbrecht R, Rottinghaus ST, Bow EJ, Cornely OA, et al. Combination antifungal therapy for invasive aspergillosis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(2):81\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/m13-2508.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2572_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1016\/s1053-2498(01)00364-3","volume":"20","author":"V Monforte","year":"2001","unstructured":"Monforte V, Roman A, Gavalda J, Bravo C, Tenorio L, Ferrer A, et al. Nebulized amphotericin B prophylaxis for Aspergillus infection in lung transplantation: study of risk factors. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2001;20(12):1274\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1053-2498(01)00364-3.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"key":"2572_CR40","unstructured":"e.v. DGfPuB. S3_Leitlinie Epidemiologie, Diagnostik und Therapie erwachsener Patienten mit nosokomialer Pneumonie. (2024). https:\/\/register.awmf.org\/assets\/guidelines\/020-013l_S3_Epidemiologie-Diagnostik-Therapie-erwachsener-Patienten-nosokomiale-Pneumonie__2024-03.pdf. Accessed."},{"key":"2572_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Koeck JA, Hilgarth H, von Ameln-Mayerhofer A, Meyn D, Warlich R, M\u00fcnstedt A, et al. Clinically relevant interactions with Anti-Infectives on intensive care Units-A multicenter Delphi study. Antibiot (Basel). 2021;10(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics10111330.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10111330"},{"issue":"10425","key":"2572_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)02465-0","volume":"403","author":"T Bakker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bakker T, Klopotowska JE, Dongelmans DA, Eslami S, Vermeijden WJ, Hendriks S, et al. The effect of computerised decision support alerts tailored to intensive care on the administration of high-risk drug combinations, and their monitoring: a cluster randomised stepped-wedge trial. Lancet. 2024;403(10425):439\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(23)02465-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2572_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1308260","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1308260","volume":"15","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Ma D, Chen M, Hu Y, Chen X, Chen J, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of potential drug-drug interactions among lung transplant patients. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1308260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1308260.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2572_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00579-07","volume":"51","author":"MJ Geist","year":"2007","unstructured":"Geist MJ, Egerer G, Burhenne J, Riedel KD, Mikus G. Induction of voriconazole metabolism by Rifampin in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia: importance of interdisciplinary communication to prevent treatment errors with complex medications. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51(9):3455\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00579-07.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2016.01.007","volume":"35","author":"S Husain","year":"2016","unstructured":"Husain S, Sole A, Alexander BD, Aslam S, Avery R, Benden C, et al. The 2015 international society for heart and lung transplantation guidelines for the management of fungal infections in mechanical circulatory support and cardiothoracic organ transplant recipients: executive summary. J Heart Lung Transpl. 2016;35(3):261\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2016.01.007.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2572_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s12185-009-0296-3","volume":"89","author":"K Ueda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ueda K, Nannya Y, Kumano K, Hangaishi A, Takahashi T, Imai Y, et al. Monitoring trough concentration of voriconazole is important to ensure successful antifungal therapy and to avoid hepatic damage in patients with hematological disorders. Int J Hematol. 2009;89(5):592\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12185-009-0296-3.","journal-title":"Int J Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku023","volume":"69","author":"M Siopi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Siopi M, Mavridou E, Mouton JW, Verweij PE, Zerva L, Meletiadis J. Susceptibility breakpoints and target values for therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole and Aspergillus fumigatus in an in vitro Pharmacokinetic\/pharmacodynamic model. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014;69(6):1611\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dku023.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"2572_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4782","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01083-10","volume":"55","author":"PF Troke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Troke PF, Hockey HP, Hope WW. Observational study of the clinical efficacy of voriconazole and its relationship to plasma concentrations in patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(10):4782\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.01083-10.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1179\/1973947815Y.0000000057","volume":"28","author":"K Matsumoto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Matsumoto K, Abematsu K, Shigemi A, Kanazawa N, Watanabe E, Yokoyama Y, et al. Therapeutic drug monitoring of voriconazole in Japanese patients: analysis based on clinical practice data. J Chemother. 2016;28(3):198\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/1973947815Y.0000000057.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"key":"2572_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andes D, Kovanda L, Desai A, Kitt T, Zhao M, Walsh TJ. Isavuconazole concentration in Real-World practice: consistency with results from clinical trials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00585-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00585-18"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dky463","volume":"74","author":"T Kaindl","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaindl T, Andes D, Engelhardt M, Saulay M, Larger P, Groll AH. Variability and exposure-response relationships of isavuconazole plasma concentrations in the phase 3 SECURE trial of patients with invasive mould diseases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(3):761\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dky463.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"2572_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13653","volume":"66","author":"R Bertram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bertram R, Naumann HT, Bartsch V, Hitzl W, Kinzig M, Haarmeyer GS, et al. Clinical and demographic factors affecting trough levels of isavuconazole in critically ill patients with or without COVID-19. Mycoses. 2023;66(12):1071\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13653.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"7","key":"2572_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13469","volume":"65","author":"R H\u00f6hl","year":"2022","unstructured":"H\u00f6hl R, Bertram R, Kinzig M, Haarmeyer GS, Baumg\u00e4rtel M, Geise A, et al. Isavuconazole therapeutic drug monitoring in critically ill ICU patients: A monocentric retrospective analysis. Mycoses. 2022;65(7):747\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/myc.13469.","journal-title":"Mycoses"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12507","volume":"34","author":"T Willeman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Willeman T, Tonini J, Garnaud C, Bailly S, Gandia P, Stanke-Labesque F, et al. Refining the therapeutic range of posaconazole and isavuconazole for efficient therapeutic drug monitoring using a bioassay approach. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2020;34(2):279\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fcp.12507.","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2572_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz188","volume":"74","author":"E Furfaro","year":"2019","unstructured":"Furfaro E, Signori A, Di Grazia C, Dominietto A, Raiola AM, Aquino S, et al. Serial monitoring of isavuconazole blood levels during prolonged antifungal therapy. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019;74(8):2341\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkz188.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2572_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gomez-Lopez A, Sanchez Galiano S, Ortega Madue\u00f1o S, Carballo Gonzalez C. Observed isavuconazole exposure: 5-year experience of Azole TDM from a Spanish reference laboratory. Med Mycol. 2023;61(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mmy\/myad086.","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myad086"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6020090","volume":"6","author":"C Zurl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zurl C, Waller M, Schwameis F, Muhr T, Bauer N, Zollner-Schwetz I, et al. Isavuconazole treatment in a mixed patient cohort with invasive fungal infections: outcome, tolerability and clinical implications of isavuconazole plasma concentrations. J Fungi (Basel). 2020;6(2):90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jof6020090.","journal-title":"J Fungi (Basel)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2572_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6879","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.03777-14","volume":"58","author":"MJ Dolton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dolton MJ, Br\u00fcggemann RJ, Burger DM, McLachlan AJ. Understanding variability in posaconazole exposure using an integrated population Pharmacokinetic analysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(11):6879\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.03777-14.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1007\/s12288-023-01709-3","volume":"40","author":"M Boppana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boppana M, Sengar M, Jain H, Gurjar M, Ambotkar M, Gota V, et al. A prospective study to evaluate the effect of therapeutic drug Monitoring-Based posaconazole prophylaxis on invasive fungal infection rate during acute myeloid leukemia induction therapy. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus. 2024;40(2):204\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12288-023-01709-3.","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1086\/508774","volume":"44","author":"TJ Walsh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walsh TJ, Raad I, Patterson TF, Chandrasekar P, Donowitz GR, Graybill R, et al. Treatment of invasive aspergillosis with posaconazole in patients who are refractory to or intolerant of conventional therapy: an externally controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(1):2\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/508774.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2572_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-023-02078-9","author":"C Konig","year":"2023","unstructured":"Konig C, Gopfert M, Kluge S, Wichmann D. Posaconazole exposure in critically ill ICU patients: a need for action. Infection. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-023-02078-9.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00663-08","volume":"53","author":"JE Conte","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conte JE, Golden JA, Krishna G, McIver M, Little E, Zurlinden E. Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of posaconazole at steady state in healthy subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53(2):703\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00663-08.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 7","key":"2572_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.15587","volume":"51","author":"MM Chau","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chau MM, Daveson K, Alffenaar JC, Gwee A, Ho SA, Marriott DJE, et al. Consensus guidelines for optimising antifungal drug delivery and monitoring to avoid toxicity and improve outcomes in patients with haematological malignancy and Haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, 2021. Intern Med J. 2021;51(Suppl 7):37\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/imj.15587.","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2572_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.50.2.674-684.2006","volume":"50","author":"D Andes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Andes D, Safdar N, Marchillo K, Conklin R. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic comparison of amphotericin B (AMB) and two lipid-associated AMB preparations, liposomal AMB and AMB lipid complex, in murine candidiasis models. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(2):674\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.50.2.674-684.2006.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/08982104.2016.1205087","volume":"27","author":"K Takemoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takemoto K, Kanazawa K. AmBisome: relationship between the Pharmacokinetic characteristics acquired by liposomal formulation and safety\/efficacy. J Liposome Res. 2017;27(3):186\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08982104.2016.1205087.","journal-title":"J Liposome Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2572_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1086\/510535","volume":"195","author":"WW Hope","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hope WW, Kruhlak MJ, Lyman CA, Petraitiene R, Petraitis V, Francesconi A, et al. Pathogenesis of Aspergillus fumigatus and the kinetics of Galactomannan in an in vitro model of early invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: implications for antifungal therapy. J Infect Dis. 2007;195(3):455\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/510535.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2572_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Siopi M, Mouton JW, Pournaras S, Meletiadis J. In vitro and in vivo Exposure-Effect relationship of liposomal amphotericin B against Aspergillus fumigatus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.02673-18.","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.02673-18"},{"key":"2572_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.07.020","volume":"14","author":"A Watanabe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Watanabe A, Matsumoto K, Igari H, Uesato M, Yoshida S, Nakamura Y, et al. Comparison between concentrations of amphotericin B in infected lung lesion and in uninfected lung tissue in a patient treated with liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome). Int J Infect Dis. 2010;14:e220\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2009.07.020.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1179\/joc.2005.17.1.82","volume":"17","author":"G Demartini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Demartini G, L C, BmP P, F. S, and, Fraschini F. Penetration of amphotericin B in human lung tissue after single liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome) infusion. J Chemother. 2005;17(1):82\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1179\/joc.2005.17.1.82.","journal-title":"J Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1777259","volume":"45","author":"I Janssens","year":"2024","unstructured":"Janssens I, Lambrecht BN, Van Braeckel E. Aspergillus and the lung. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;45(1):3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0043-1777259.","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2572_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2673-2","volume":"38","author":"J Wauters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wauters J, Baar I, Meersseman P, Meersseman W, Dams K, De Paep R, et al. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is a frequent complication of critically ill H1N1 patients: a retrospective study. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38(11):1761\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-012-2673-2.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.105.1.37","volume":"105","author":"WT Miller Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Miller WT Jr., Sais GJ, Frank I, Gefter WB, Aronchick JM, Miller WT. Pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with AIDS. Clinical and radiographic correlations. Chest. 1994;105(1):37\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.105.1.37.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"2572_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.017","volume":"39","author":"NV Sipsas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sipsas NV, Kontoyiannis DP. Invasive fungal infections in patients with cancer in the intensive care unit. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39(6):464\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.017.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"12","key":"2572_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3","volume":"19","author":"OA Cornely","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cornely OA, Alastruey-Izquierdo A, Arenz D, Chen SCA, Dannaoui E, Hochhegger B, et al. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of mucormycosis: an initiative of the European confederation of medical mycology in Cooperation with the mycoses study group education and research consortium. Lancet Infect Dis. 2019;19(12):e405\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30312-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2572_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S271","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780802227159","volume":"47","author":"RE Lewis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lewis RE, Kontoyiannis DP. Invasive aspergillosis in glucocorticoid-treated patients. Med Mycol. 2009;47(Suppl 1):S271\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13693780802227159.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1086\/430602","volume":"41","author":"J Gavalda","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gavalda J, Len O, San Juan R, Aguado JM, Fortun J, Lumbreras C, et al. Risk factors for invasive aspergillosis in solid-organ transplant recipients: a case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41(1):52\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/430602.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2572_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780701200372","volume":"45","author":"FP Silveira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Silveira FP, Husain S. Fungal infections in solid organ transplantation. Med Mycol. 2007;45(4):305\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13693780701200372.","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2572_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201204-0761ED","volume":"186","author":"E Azoulay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Azoulay E, Afessa B. Diagnostic criteria for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(1):8\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201204-0761ED.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2572_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1737","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1281","volume":"73","author":"JD Jenks","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jenks JD, Prattes J, Frank J, Spiess B, Mehta SR, Boch T, et al. Performance of the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Aspergillus Galactomannan lateral flow assay with cube reader for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: A multicenter cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(7):e1737\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1281.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2572_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad474","volume":"78","author":"DB Chastain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chastain DB, Spradlin M, Ahmad H, Henao-Martinez AF. Unintended consequences: risk of opportunistic infections associated with Long-term glucocorticoid therapies in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;78(4):e37\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad474.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:05:16Z","timestamp":1754352316000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["2572"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02572-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"D.W. has received consulting honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH; lecture honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH, Shionogi, Eumedica Pharmaceuticals AG, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, 3\u00a0M, Mundipharma GmbH, AstraZeneca GmbH and MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH and research support from Shionogi. M.H. has received lecture honoraria from StreamedUp! GmbH, Shionogi, Medentech Ltd., Volumen, Mundipharma GmbH, AstraZeneca GmbH and research support from F2G Ltd., Gilead Science GmbH, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Pulmocide Ltd., Mundipharma GmbH, IMMY and Melinta Therapeutics. P.K. has received consulting honoraria from Ambu GmbH, Gilead Science GmbH, Infill Healthcare Communications gmbH, Mundipharma GmbH, NOXXON N.V. and Pfizer Pharma GmbH; lecture honoraria from Akademie f\u00fcr Infektionsmedizin, Ambu GmbH, Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Datamed SA, European Confederation of Medical Mycology, Gilead Science GmbH, GPR Academy R\u00fcsselsheim, HELIOS Kliniken, Jazz Pharmaceuticals Germany GmbH, medupdate GmbH, MedMedia GmbH, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Scilink Comunicaci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica S.C., StreamedUp! GmbH, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der LMU M\u00fcnchen and research support from Gilead Science GmbH. C.K. has received consulting honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH and lecture honoraria from Shionogi, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Gilead Science GmbH.F.L. has received lecture honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH, Shionogi, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH and Pfizer Pharma GmbH.S.M. has nothing to declare. R.S. has received consulting honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH; lecture honoraria from Sch\u00f6chl Medical Education e.U., Biotest AG, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Amomed Pharma, InfectoPharm Arzneimittel und Consilium GmbH, Shionogi, Tillotts Pharma GmbH, Mundipharma GmbH, HELIOS Kliniken, Sana Kliniken, DGI\u2013 Akademie f\u00fcr Infektionsmedizin, BDI-Veranstaltungsservice, Forum f\u00fcr Medizinische Fortbildung and research support from Biotest AG.M.W. has received consulting honoraria from B. Braun SE, Gilead Science GmbH, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Shionogi, Eumedica Pharmaceuticals AG, Beckman Coulter Inc., Biotest AG, Sedana Medical AB, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum GmbH and Mundipharma GmbH; lecture honoraria from Pfizer Pharma GmbH, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Mundipharma GmbH and Gilead Science GmbH and research support from Dr. Franz K\u00f6hler Chemie GmbH.Ch.H. has received lecture honoraria from Gilead Science GmbH.O.K. has received consulting honoraria from Berufsgenossenschaft Rohstoffe und chemische Industrie and Laboratoire National de Sant\u00e9 Luxembourg; lecture honoraria from Pfizer Pharma GmbH, Gilead Science GmbH and FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals Europe GmbH and research support from FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals Europe GmbH, Virotech Diagnostics GmbH, Pfizer Pharma GmbH, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH and Basilea Pharmaceutica Ltd. Cl.H. has received consulting honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH; lecture honoraria from AstraZeneca GmbH, Pfizer Pharma GmbH and Boehringer Ingelheim; research support from Exscientia and holds shares in GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co. KG.M.K. holds shares in BioNTech SE.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}