{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T14:40:59Z","timestamp":1784126459129,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004434","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Firenze","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fexinidazole, an oral molecule, replaced pentamidine and combined treatment with nifurtimox and eflornithine (NECT) therapy for stage 1 and non-severe stage 2\n                      <jats:italic>gambiense<\/jats:italic>\n                      human African Trypanosomiasis (\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT), respectively. The study aims to evidence differences of outcome at discharge and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) between fexinidazole and pentamidine\/NECT regimens in patients with stage 1 and non-severe stage 2\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT admitted to Lui Hospital (Western Equatoria, South Sudan), a historical\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT focus.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data of patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200986) admitted to Lui Hospital from July 2018 to June 2024 with\n                      <jats:italic>g-<\/jats:italic>\n                      HAT diagnosis were included. Among them, we considered for the analysis patients eligible for both fexinidazole and pentamidine\/NECT regimens (i.e. patients without symptoms\/signs compatible with severe stage 2\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the study population 17% of patients were registered with an unfavourable outcome (signs or symptoms of\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT at discharge or death attributable to\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT or\n                      <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                      -HAT treatment occurred during hospitalization). No significant differences between fexinidazole and pentamidine\/NECT in terms of outcome at discharge (23% vs. 6%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.230) and ADRs frequency (70% vs. 50%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.181) were reported. Although fexinidazole cohort experienced more gastro-intestinal ADRs than pentamidine\/NECT cohort (63% vs. 19%,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), discontinuation of oral treatment has not been recorded.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients treated with fexinidazole and pentamidine\/NECT showed similar results in terms of outcome at discharge and ADRs, in line with current data available in literature. However, few real-life studies on efficacy of fexinidazole treatment were published: to our knowledge, this is the first one conducted in South Sudan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02633-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T09:28:57Z","timestamp":1756978137000},"page":"2847-2857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Use of fexinidazole in gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a retrospective analysis of cases treated in Lui Hospital, South Sudan (2018\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2796-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Mariotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8767-2640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Riccardo","family":"Paggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Basilico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Pettenuzzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant Sebit","family":"Benson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abiodun","family":"Amodu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Zammarchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Rusconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Scanagatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Putoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Dacquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Gelormino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"2633_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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Being a study based on existing and routinely available data, patients were did not directly involved and no informed consent was required, in accordance with the 2019 National Guidelines for Research Involving Humans in the Republic of South Sudan [\n                      \n                      ] and South Sudan Ministry of Health. The transmission or dissemination of data was approved by the South Sudan Ministry of Health Ethical Committee (MOH\/RERB\/D.3\/2024, 15th April 2024).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to partecipate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}