{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:38:23Z","timestamp":1791913103812,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T09:07:54Z","timestamp":1762506474000},"page":"103-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Perianal tuberculosis with active pulmonary tuberculosis \u2013 a case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Barbara E.","family":"de Bary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlies","family":"Heudobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alois","family":"F\u00fcrst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Utpatel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Schuierer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beng\u00fcl","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henriette","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franz","family":"Audebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-7934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benedikt M. J.","family":"Lampl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2684_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global tuberculosis report, Geneva, Switzerland; 2024."},{"key":"2684_CR2","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Global tuberculosis report, Geneva, Switzerland; 2022."},{"key":"2684_CR3","unstructured":"Brodhun B, Altmann D, Hauer B, Haas W. Bericht zur Epidemiologie der Tuberkulose in Deutschland f\u00fcr 2020. Robert Koch-Institut; 2021 [cited 2025 Mar 12]. Available from: https:\/\/edoc.rki.de\/handle\/176904\/9112"},{"issue":"5","key":"2684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.sjg_148_21","volume":"27","author":"AB Al-Zanbagi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Al-Zanbagi AB, Shariff MK. Gastrointestinal tuberculosis: a systematic review of epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and treatment. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 2021;27(5):261\u201374.","journal-title":"Saudi J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.12003","volume":"38","author":"LCM Low","year":"2013","unstructured":"Low LCM, Tan WP. A case of chronic persistent perianal abscesses: clinicopathological case. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2013;38(1):105\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2684_CR6","first-page":"359","volume":"11","author":"PJ Gupta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gupta PJ. A case of multiple (eight external openings) tubercular anal fistulae. Case report. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2007;11(5):359\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689909200910","volume":"92","author":"S Adhami","year":"1999","unstructured":"Adhami S, Duthie G, Greenstone M. A tuberculous anal fistula. J R Soc Med. 1999;92(9):467\u20138.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2684_CR8","first-page":"897","volume":"137","author":"A Jakubowski","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jakubowski A, Elwood RK, Enarson DA. Active abdominal tuberculosis in Canada in 1970-81. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can. 1987;137(10):897\u2013900.","journal-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J J Assoc Medicale Can"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1177\/0956462415577728","volume":"27","author":"S Hindocha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hindocha S, Banerjee S, Lewis F. An unusual perineal plaque. Int J STD AIDS. 2016;27(3):238\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"issue":"8","key":"2684_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-010-0919-4","volume":"25","author":"M Chourak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chourak M, Bentama K, Chamlal I, Raiss M, Hrora A, Sebbah F, et al. Anal fistula with a tuberculous origin. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010;25(8):1035\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s11845-008-0229-9","volume":"178","author":"D Molloy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Molloy D, Sayana MK, Keane J, Mehigan B. Anal fistula: an unusual presentation of tuberculosis in a migrant health care professional. Ir J Med Sci. 2009;178(4):527\u20139.","journal-title":"Ir J Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"2684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2010.12.005","volume":"41","author":"G Monsel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Monsel G, Martinez V, Izzedine H, Mory B, Bricaire F, Caumes E. Anal tuberculosis complicated by secondary amyloidosis. Med Mal Infect. 2011;41(5):264\u20136.","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"2684_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bcr2014206976","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2014-206976","volume":"2014","author":"N Luqu\u00edn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luqu\u00edn N, Masi\u00e1 M, Noguera R, Guti\u00e9rrez F. Anal tuberculosis complicating anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:bcr2014206976.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"2684_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2006.11.005","volume":"6","author":"S Mathew","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mathew S. Anal tuberculosis: report of a case and review of literature. Int J Surg. 2008;6(6):e36\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-3879(71)90008-0","volume":"52","author":"JF Colin","year":"1971","unstructured":"Colin JF, Stewart RJ. Ano-rectal tuberculosis \u2014 a reminder. Tubercle. 1971;52(4):301\u20132.","journal-title":"Tubercle"},{"key":"2684_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tai WC, Hu TH, Lee CH, Chen HH, Huang CC, Chuah SK. Ano-perianal tuberculosis: 15 years of clinical experiences in Southern Taiwan. Colorectal Dis. 2010;12(7 Online):e114-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2009.02057.x. Epub 2009 Oct 13. PMID: 19832872.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2009.02057.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-6191-3","volume":"45","author":"S Sultan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sultan S, Azria F, Bauer P, Abdelnour M, Atienza P. Anoperineal tuberculosis: diagnostic and management considerations in seven cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2002;45(3):407\u201310.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.687","volume":"158","author":"A Jakubowski","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jakubowski A, Elwood RK, Enarson DA. Clinical features of abdominal tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 1988;158(4):687\u201392.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2684_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-012-1624-2","volume":"28","author":"X Huber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huber X, Bernasconi E, Tschuor-Costa S, Rosso R. Exceptional dissemination of perineal tuberculosis up to the right flank: a tribute to J.P. Nesselrod\u2019s study on the anatomy of pelvic lymphatics published in 1936 in the annals of surgery. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013;28(5):723\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2684_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"An Q, Zheng S, Gao X, Zhang L. Extensive perianal ulcer\u2014a case of tuberculosis cutis orificialis. Dermatol Ther. 2020 [cited 2025 Mar 11];33(4). Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/dth.13698","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13698"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15991","volume":"38","author":"X Bai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bai X, Niu J, Li H, Miao Y, Zhang F, Gastrointestinal. Tuberculosis with anal fistula and multisegmental damage in the digestive tract involving the stomach, ileocecum, and colon. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;38(4):484.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2684_CR22","first-page":"387","volume":"115","author":"C Sequeira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sequeira C, Coelho M, Mangualde J, Oliveira AP. Intestinal and perianal tuberculosis: an uncommon clinical presentation and challenging diagnosis. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2023;115(7):387\u20138.","journal-title":"Rev Esp Enferm Dig"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR23","first-page":"115","volume":"63","author":"E Akgun","year":"2005","unstructured":"Akgun E, Tekin F, Ersin S, Osmanoglu H. Isolated perianal tuberculosis. Neth J Med. 2005;63(3):115\u20137.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2684_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02561691","volume":"30","author":"MK O\u2019Donohoe","year":"1987","unstructured":"O\u2019Donohoe MK, Waldron RP, O\u2019Malley E. Miliary tuberculosis presenting as an acute perianal abscess. Report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1987;30(9):697\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.5070\/D33H4854Q1","volume":"15","author":"SK Ghosh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghosh SK, Bandyopadhyay D, Ghosh A, Mandal RK, Bhattacharyya K, Chatterjee S. Non-healing perianal ulcer: a rare presentation of cutaneous tuberculosis. Dermatol Online J. 2009;15(3):9.","journal-title":"Dermatol Online J"},{"issue":"7","key":"2684_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2466-5","volume":"31","author":"P Andrade","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andrade P, Lage J, Lisboa C, Silva R, Sarmento J, Gon\u00e7alves R, et al. Non-healing perianal ulcer in an immunocompetent patient as the presenting sign of a systemic disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016;31(7):1359\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/00015550410029972","volume":"84","author":"K Ichihashi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ichihashi K, Katoh N, Takenaka H, Kishimoto S. Orificial tuberculosis: presenting as a refractory perianal ulcer. Acta Derm Venereol. 2004;84(4):331\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2684_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ad.2016.05.018","volume":"107","author":"E Uribe-Bojanini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uribe-Bojanini E, Santa-V\u00e9lez C, Ruiz-Suarez A, Buchely-Ibarra N. Patient with disseminated tuberculosis and rare perianal involvement. Actas Dermosifiliogr. 2016;107(10):874\u20136.","journal-title":"Actas Dermosifiliogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235192","volume":"42","author":"F Candela","year":"1999","unstructured":"Candela F, Serrano P, Arriero JM, Teruel A, Reyes D, Calpena R. Perianal disease of tuberculous origin: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42(1):110\u20132.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"2684_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0324-8","volume":"166","author":"D Pascual-Vaca","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pascual-Vaca D, L\u00f3pez-Cerero L, Vilar N, Herrera A, Romero J, Alejo \u00c1, et al. Perianal involvement and inguinal adenitis as unusual presentation of tuberculosis. Eur J Pediatr. 2007;166(9):967\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4362.1994.tb01042.x","volume":"33","author":"I Betlloch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Betlloch I, Ba\u00f1uls J, Sevila A, Morell A, Botella R, Roman P. Perianal tuberculosis. Int J Dermatol. 1994;33(4):270\u20131.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2684_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-021-04907-4","volume":"25","author":"HTC Lip","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lip HTC, Huei TJ, Qin NZ. Perianal tuberculosis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2021;25(7):1920\u20132.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"2684_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00277-006-0104-6","volume":"85","author":"CY Lin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lin CY, Yeh SP, Huang HH, Liao YM, Chiu CF. Perianal tuberculosis during neutropenia: a rare case report and review of literature. Ann Hematol. 2006;85(8):547\u20138.","journal-title":"Ann Hematol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2684_CR34","first-page":"923","volume":"12","author":"P Tabarsi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tabarsi P, Mansouri D, Edrissian O, Alaei A, Amiri M, Mirsaeidi SM. Perianal tuberculosis in an HIV-positive patient. East Mediterr Health J Rev Sante Mediterr Orient Al-Majallah Al-Sihhiyah Li-Sharq Al-Mutawassit. 2006;12(6):923\u20136.","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J Rev"},{"key":"2684_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mosena G, Della Giustina A, Matos D\u2019Almeida Santos JC, Schwartz J, Almeida Victorino J. Perianal tuberculosis in an immunocompetent patient. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2018 [cited 2025 Mar 11];32(6). Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/jdv.14757","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14757"},{"issue":"6","key":"2684_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1080\/000155502762064746","volume":"82","author":"L Miteva","year":"2002","unstructured":"Miteva L, Bardarov E. Perianal tuberculosis: a rare case of skin ulceration? Acta Derm Venereol. 2002;82(6):481\u20132.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR37","first-page":"229","volume":"56","author":"J Rawat","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rawat J, Verma RK, Sindhwani G, Dua R, Negi G. Perianal tuberculous ulcer in an immunocompetent patient. Indian J Tuberc. 2009;56(4):229\u201331.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"issue":"11","key":"2684_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000001493","volume":"62","author":"P Garg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garg P, Garg M, Das BR, Khadapkar R, Menon GR. Perianal tuberculosis: lessons learned in 57 patients from 743 samples of histopathology and polymerase chain reaction and a systematic review of literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(11):1390\u2013400.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR39","first-page":"372","volume":"18","author":"J Strobl","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strobl J, Salat A, Bauer W, Stary G. Perianal ulceration as primary presentation in a patient with disseminated multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2020;18(4):372\u20134.","journal-title":"JDDG J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"6","key":"2684_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00283.x","volume":"29","author":"MH Ho","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ho MH, Lee KC, Chong LY. Perianal ulceration in a healthy Chinese man with disseminated tuberculosis. J Dermatol. 2002;29(6):366\u201370.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2004.01147.x","volume":"19","author":"A Leon-Mateos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Leon-Mateos A, S\u00e1nchez\u2010Aguilar D, Lado F, Toribio J. Perianal ulceration: a case of tuberculosis cutis orificialis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2005;19(3):364\u20136.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03272.x","volume":"142","author":"E Honig","year":"2000","unstructured":"Honig E, van der Meijden WI, van Groeninx EC. De Waard-van der Spek FB. Perianal ulceration: a rare manifestation of tuberculosis. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142(1):186\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"22","key":"2684_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10836","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000010836","volume":"97","author":"S Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu S, Wang W, Chen H, Xiong W, Song X, Yu X. Perianal ulcerative skin tuberculosis: a case report. Med (Baltim). 2018;97(22):e10836.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2684_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.47391\/JPMA.4019","volume":"72","author":"W Lao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lao W, Mao W. Perianal ulcerative tuberculosis: a case report. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc. 2022;72(5):978\u201380.","journal-title":"JPMA J Pak Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0277-2015","volume":"49","author":"M Corti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Corti M, Carolis LD, Messina F. Perianal ulcers in a human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive man. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2016;49(1):146\u2013146.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610500106660","volume":"25","author":"A Pal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pal A, Mahadevan N. Perineal tuberculosis diagnosed in pregnancy: a case report. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2005;25(3):307\u20138.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2684_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2009.149-b","volume":"145","author":"LH Yueh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yueh LH, Loo LY, Hoon TS, Hee TH. Persistent perianal ulcers. Tuberculosis cutis orificialis (TCO). Arch Dermatol. 2009;145(8):931\u20136.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR48","first-page":"345","volume":"58","author":"Y Ismail","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ismail Y, Muhamad A. Protean manifestations of gastrointestinal tuberculosis. Med J Malaysia. 2003;58(3):345\u20139.","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"issue":"8","key":"2684_CR49","first-page":"846","volume":"10","author":"DN Samarasekera","year":"2008","unstructured":"Samarasekera DN, Nanayakkara PR. Rectal tuberculosis: a rare cause of recurrent rectal suppuration. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2008;10(8):846\u20137.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel"},{"issue":"6","key":"2684_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02936962","volume":"32","author":"T Yanagida","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yanagida T, Oya M, Iwase N, Okuyama T, Terada H, Sasaki K, et al. Rectal submucosal tumor-like lesion originating from intestinal tuberculosis. J Gastroenterol. 1997;32(6):822\u20135.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2684_CR51","first-page":"210","volume":"13","author":"JA Barker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barker JA, Conway AM, Hill J. Supralevator fistula-in-ano in tuberculosis. Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel. 2011;13(2):210\u20134.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis Off J Assoc Coloproctology G B Irel"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800750114","volume":"75","author":"HS Shukla","year":"1988","unstructured":"Shukla HS, Gupta SC, Singh G, Singh PA. Tubercular fistula in ano. Br J Surg. 1988;75(1):38\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"2684_CR53","first-page":"e01452023","volume":"56","author":"GC Tavares","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tavares GC, Fernandes NC. Tuberculosis cutis orificialis with perianal involvement. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2023;56:e01452023.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"4","key":"2684_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02553208","volume":"14","author":"OR Nepomuceno","year":"1971","unstructured":"Nepomuceno OR, O\u2019Grady JF, Eisenberg SW, Bacon HE. Tuberculosis of the anal canal: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1971;14(4):313\u20136.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"11","key":"2684_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236750","volume":"43","author":"LG Koniaris","year":"2000","unstructured":"Koniaris LG, Seibel JL. Tuberculosis presenting as a perirectal mass: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(11):1604\u20135.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR56","first-page":"17","volume":"34","author":"SK Sayal","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sayal SK, Falleiro JJ, Motwani H, Rao VS. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis (a case report). Indian J Dermatol. 1989;34(1):17\u201320.","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2684_CR57","first-page":"782","volume":"15","author":"Y Milgrom","year":"2013","unstructured":"Milgrom Y, Goldman G, Hillel AG, Pojurovsky S, Ackerman Z. Tuberculosis: a rare cause of peri-anal disease. Isr Med Assoc J IMAJ. 2013;15(12):782\u20133.","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J IMAJ"},{"issue":"11","key":"2684_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02236745","volume":"43","author":"M Kraemer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kraemer M, Gill SS, Seow-Choen F. Tuberculous anal sepsis: report of clinical features in 20 cases. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000;43(11):1589\u201391.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"10","key":"2684_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688908201026","volume":"82","author":"HM Jali","year":"1989","unstructured":"Jali HM. Tuberculous anal ulcer. J R Soc Med. 1989;82(10):629\u201330.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02587203","volume":"23","author":"TV Whalen","year":"1980","unstructured":"Whalen TV, Kovalcik PJ, Old WL. Tuberculous anal ulcer. Dis Colon Rectum. 1980;23(1):54\u20135.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689408700121","volume":"87","author":"SR Myers","year":"1994","unstructured":"Myers SR. Tuberculous fissure- In Ano. J R Soc Med. 1994;87(1):46\u201346.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsurg.2008.02.007","volume":"65","author":"J Favuzza","year":"2008","unstructured":"Favuzza J, Brotman S, Doyle DM, Counihan TC. Tuberculous fistulae in ano: a case report and literature review. J Surg Educ. 2008;65(3):225\u20138.","journal-title":"J Surg Educ"},{"issue":"10","key":"2684_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1177\/014107689608901013","volume":"89","author":"AI Sarela","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sarela AI, Supe AN. Tuberculous perianal ulcers. J R Soc Med. 1996;89(10):584\u2013584.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2684_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02588112","volume":"17","author":"K Alankar","year":"1974","unstructured":"Alankar K, Rickert RR, Sen P, Lazaro EJ. Verrucous tuberculosis of the anal canal: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum. 1974;17(2):254\u20137.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"9","key":"2684_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v3.i9.848","volume":"3","author":"S Tago","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tago S. Perianal tuberculosis: a case report and review of the literature. World J Clin Cases. 2015;3(9):848.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"issue":"3","key":"2684_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.61409\/V09230551","volume":"186","author":"A Bergh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bergh A, Wilcke JT, From G, Carstensen AN. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis as a cause of complex perianal fistula disease. Ugeskr L\u00e6g. 2024;186(3):1\u20134.","journal-title":"Ugeskr L\u00e6g"},{"key":"2684_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gierthm\u00fchlen M, Laiffer G, Viehl CT, Savic S, Bremerich J, Mueller C, et al. Keine gew\u00f6hnliche perianale Fistel\u2026 Internist. 2008;49(4):490\u20134.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-008-2063-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"2684_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2022.102722","volume":"27","author":"AAR Takahashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Takahashi AAR, Bassaneze T, Longo KS, Batista JG, Waisberg J. Primary extensive perianal cutaneous tuberculosis: a challenging diagnosis. Case report and a review of the literature. Braz J Infect Dis. 2023;27(1):102722.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T10:05:02Z","timestamp":1770026702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02684-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the University of Regensburg waived a formal ethics vote due to the nature of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}