{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T19:49:49Z","timestamp":1774554589731,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T12:29:09Z","timestamp":1769862549000},"page":"951-958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of microbiological yield in image-guided biopsy for spondylodiscitis: impact of prior antibiotic exposure and biopsy timing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7644-6805","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junya","family":"Fuchigami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7172-1508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shinji","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maki","family":"Fuchigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7024-3521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Tomita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0054-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuki","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0354-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shingo","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5176-5132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5205-6394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Mimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"2736_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04983-9","volume":"44","author":"X Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zou X, Li X, He K, Song Q, Yin R. Current knowledge of vertebral osteomyelitis: a review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025;44:213\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-024-04983-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0181","volume":"105","author":"R Sobottke","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sobottke R, Seifert H, F\u00e4tkenheuer G, Schmidt M, Gossmann A, Eysel P. Current diagnosis and treatment of spondylodiscitis. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2008;105:181\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2008.0181.","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"2736_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.001","volume":"3","author":"GS Skaf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skaf GS, Domloj NT, Fehlings MG, Bouclaous CH, Sabbagh AS, Kanafani ZA, et al. Pyogenic spondylodiscitis: an overview. J Infect Public Health. 2010;3:5\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2010.01.001.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"2736_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E102","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000597","volume":"31","author":"K Issa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Issa K, Diebo BG, Faloon M, Naziri Q, Pourtaheri S, Paulino CB, et al. The epidemiology of vertebral osteomyelitis in the United States from 1998 to 2013. Clin Spine Surg. 2018;31:E102\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BSD.0000000000000597.","journal-title":"Clin Spine Surg"},{"key":"2736_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12103373","volume":"12","author":"S Lang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lang S, Walter N, Schindler M, Baertl S, Szymski D, Loibl M, et al. The epidemiology of spondylodiscitis in Germany: a descriptive report of incidence rates, pathogens, in-hospital mortality, and hospital stays between 2010 and 2020. J Clin Med. 2023;12:3373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12103373.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2736_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002412","volume":"3","author":"T Akiyama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akiyama T, Chikuda H, Yasunaga H, Horiguchi H, Fushimi K, Saita K. Incidence and risk factors for mortality of vertebral osteomyelitis: a retrospective analysis using the Japanese diagnosis procedure combination database. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002412.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2736_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002","volume":"39","author":"E Mylona","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mylona E, Samarkos M, Kakalou E, Fanourgiakis P, Skoutelis A. Pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis: a systematic review of clinical characteristics. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2009;39:10\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2008.03.002.","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2736_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237228","volume":"12","author":"A-K Joerger","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joerger A-K, Albrecht C, Lange N, Meyer B, Wostrack M. In-hospital mortality from spondylodiscitis: insights from a single-center retrospective study. J Clin Med. 2023;12:7228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12237228.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2736_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ482","volume":"61","author":"EF Berbari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Berbari EF, Kanj SS, Kowalski TJ, Darouiche RO, Widmer AF, Schmitt SK, et al. 2015 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of native vertebral osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;61:e26-46. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/civ482.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2021.0054","volume":"53","author":"NJ Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim NJ. Microbiologic diagnosis of pyogenic spondylitis. Infect Chemother. 2021;53:238\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3947\/ic.2021.0054.","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"2736_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.02.005","volume":"56","author":"L Cottle","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cottle L, Riordan T. Infectious spondylodiscitis. J Infect. 2008;56:401\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.02.005.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"2736_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.22.28423","volume":"220","author":"CY Chang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chang CY, Pelzl C, Jesse MK, Habibollahi S, Habib U, Gyftopoulos S. Image-guided biopsy in acute diskitis-osteomyelitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2023;220:499\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/ajr.22.28423.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2736_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5337","volume":"38","author":"AL McNamara","year":"2017","unstructured":"McNamara AL, Dickerson EC, Gomez-Hassan DM, Cinti SK, Srinivasan A. Yield of image-guided needle biopsy for infectious discitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2017;38:2021\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A5337.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2736_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac616","volume":"9","author":"JB Maamari","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maamari JB, Tande AJ, Tai DBG, Diehn FE, Ross C, Lahr B, et al. Factors impacting the yield of image-guided biopsy in native vertebral osteomyelitis: a 10-year retrospective study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac616.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-022-03132-z","volume":"45","author":"LV Pazinato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pazinato LV, Urakawa FS, Setuguti DT, da Motta-Leal-Filho JM, de Menezes MR. Diagnostic yield of computed tomography-guided procedures for spondylodiscitis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2022;45:800\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00270-022-03132-z.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"key":"2736_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05953-11","volume":"56","author":"C-J Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim C-J, Song K-H, Park WB, Kim ES, Park SW, Kim H-B, et al. Microbiologically and clinically diagnosed vertebral osteomyelitis: impact of prior antibiotic exposure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2012;56:2122\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.05953-11.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2736_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reumae.2020.08.007","volume":"18","author":"JJ Frag\u00edo Gil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frag\u00edo Gil JJ, Gonz\u00e1lez Mazar\u00edo R, Ivorra Cort\u00e9s J, Ca\u00f1ada Mart\u00ednez AJ, Salavert Lleti M, Rom\u00e1n Ivorra JA. CT-guided needle biopsy in vertebral osteomyelitis: study of factors that could influence in culture yield. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed). 2022;18:20\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.reumae.2020.08.007.","journal-title":"Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed)"},{"key":"2736_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.10.031","volume":"71","author":"V Agarwal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agarwal V, Wo S, Lagemann GM, Tsay J, Delfyett WT. Image-guided percutaneous disc sampling: impact of antecedent antibiotics on yield. Clin Radiol. 2016;71:228\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2015.10.031.","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"2736_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2470","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.04949-14","volume":"59","author":"C-J Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim C-J, Kang S-J, Yoon D, Lee MJ, Kim M, Song K-H, et al. Factors influencing culture positivity in pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis patients with prior antibiotic exposure. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:2470\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.04949-14.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"2736_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3055","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251317136","volume":"15","author":"Y Sakamoto","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sakamoto Y, Onishi E, Mitsuzawa S, Ota S, Takeuchi H, Tsukamoto Y, et al. Risk factors preventing identification of the microorganism causing vertebral osteomyelitis. Glob Spine J. 2025;15:3055\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/21925682251317136.","journal-title":"Glob Spine J"},{"key":"2736_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofac026","volume":"9","author":"R Weihe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weihe R, Taghlabi K, Lowrance M, Reeves A, Jackson SR, Burton DC, et al. Culture yield in the diagnosis of native vertebral osteomyelitis: a single tertiary center retrospective case series with literature review. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9:ofac026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofac026.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2024.02.016","volume":"35","author":"A Zamarud","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zamarud A, Kesten J, Park DJ, Pulli B, Telischak NA, Dodd RL, et al. Percutaneous disc biopsy versus bone biopsy for the identification of infectious agents in osteomyelitis\/discitis. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2024;35:852-857.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvir.2024.02.016.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"key":"2736_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2349\/biij.2.3.e25","volume":"2","author":"W Peh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peh W. CT-guided percutaneous biopsy of spinal lesions. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2006;2:e25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2349\/biij.2.3.e25.","journal-title":"Biomed Imaging Interv J"},{"key":"2736_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-008-0678-x","volume":"17","author":"E Rimondi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rimondi E, Staals EL, Errani C, Bianchi G, Casadei R, Alberghini M, et al. Percutaneous CT-guided biopsy of the spine: results of 430 biopsies. Eur Spine J. 2008;17:975\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-008-0678-x.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2736_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107027","volume":"144","author":"WL Winkler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Winkler WL, George IA, Gandra S, Baker JC, Tomasian A, Northrup B, et al. Diagnostic efficacy and clinical impact of image-guided core needle biopsy of suspected vertebral osteomyelitis. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;144:107027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107027.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A8630","volume":"46","author":"DG Malik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Malik DG, Smith MV, Swenson GM, Grady RE, Diehn FE, Middlebrooks EH, et al. Management outcomes after image-guided percutaneous biopsy for suspected vertebral osteomyelitis-discitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2025;46:1478\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A8630.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"2736_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa176","volume":"7","author":"DY Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim DY, Kim UJ, Yu Y, Kim S-E, Kang S-J, Jun K-I, et al. Microbial etiology of pyogenic vertebral osteomyelitis according to patient characteristics. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7:ofaa176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa176.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-016-3532-1","volume":"36","author":"N Hopkinson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hopkinson N, Patel K. Clinical features of septic discitis in the UK: a retrospective case ascertainment study and review of management recommendations. Rheumatol Int. 2016;36:1319\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-016-3532-1.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"2736_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05292-5","author":"J Conti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Conti J, Geremia N, Di Bella S, Zadra F, Zerbato V, Babich S, et al. Infectious spondylodiscitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, microbiological findings, clinical features and outcomes in a 14-year retrospective study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-025-05292-5.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"2736_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-020-03439-3","volume":"49","author":"JS Husseini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Husseini JS, Simeone FJ, Nelson SB, Chang CY. CT-guided discitis-osteomyelitis biopsies: needle gauge and microbiology results. Skeletal Radiol. 2020;49:1431\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00256-020-03439-3.","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"2736_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.13545","volume":"205","author":"CY Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang CY, Simeone FJ, Nelson SB, Taneja AK, Huang AJ. Is biopsying the paravertebral soft tissue as effective as biopsying the disk or vertebral endplate? 10-year retrospective review of CT-guided biopsy of diskitis-osteomyelitis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2015;205:123\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.14.13545.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"2736_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.03.015","volume":"20","author":"SA Lee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lee SA, Chiu CK, Chan CYW, Yaakup NA, Wong JHD, Kadir KAA, et al. The clinical utility of fluoroscopic versus CT guided percutaneous transpedicular core needle biopsy for spinal infections and tumours: a randomized trial. Spine J. 2020;20:1114\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.03.015.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"2736_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2022.02.007","volume":"51","author":"S Ahmad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahmad S, Jhaveri MD, Mossa-Basha M, Oztek M, Hartman J, Gaddikeri S. A comparison of CT-guided bone biopsy and fluoroscopic-guided disc aspiration as diagnostic methods in the management of spondylodiscitis. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2022;51:728\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2022.02.007.","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T18:54:26Z","timestamp":1774551266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2736"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02736-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of St. Marianna University School of Medicine (Approval No. 6774).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of St. Marianna University School of Medicine due to the retrospective study design. However, the opportunity to opt out was provided.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}