{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T16:43:49Z","timestamp":1782924229718,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002839","name":"Charit\u00e9 - Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the diagnostic challenges of tubercular uveitis, given the frequent absence of pulmonary involvement and the limited accuracy of ocular detection methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective analysis of real-world data from 2285 uveitis patients who underwent QFT screening between 2013 and 2022 at a tertiary care centre in Germany.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 2285 screened patients, 172 (7.5%) uveitis patients tested QFT-positive. 17 patients were diagnosed with clinically active tuberculosis disease (TBD) and 155 patients with clinically inapparent tuberculosis infection (TBI). TBD patients were younger (40 vs. 58 years;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005), more likely to originate from Southeast Asia region (56.3% vs. 43.7%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005), and more frequently presented with clinical symptoms (17.6% vs. 1.3%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005). No differences were observed in the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)-suspicious findings on chest X-ray (35.3% vs. 17%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.08) or CT (71.4% vs. 31.6%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.06). None of the 98 sputum samples yielded a positive result. Microbiological confirmation was achieved in 4 cases via bronchoscopy. Among TBI patients (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009155), idiopathic inflammatory uveitis was diagnosed in 109 cases (70.3%), while an alternative aetiology was identified in 46 (29.7%). Posterior uveitis was the predominant subtype in both groups (TBD 65.6% vs. TBI 40.8%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03). In TBD patients, the prevalence of bilateral involvement was significantly higher (93.8% vs. 64.0%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and active retinal vasculitis was significantly more common (75.5% vs. 14.5%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study highlights the importance of TB screening, even in non-endemic regions, as evidenced by the prevalence of QFT positivity and active TB cases in uveitis patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:20:34Z","timestamp":1776417634000},"page":"1487-1500","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["QuantiFERON-TB gold test: a valuable diagnostic tool for tubercular uveitis in non-endemic regions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Albus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"R\u00fcbsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leif E.","family":"Sander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Witzenrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Menner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lynn S.","family":"zur Bonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Pohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2789_CR1","unstructured":"Tuberculosis [Internet]. [zitiert 20. Oktober 2025]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/tuberculosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw694","volume":"64","author":"DM Lewinsohn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lewinsohn DM, Leonard MK, LoBue PA, Cohn DL, Daley CL, Desmond E. Official American Thoracic Society\/Infectious Diseases Society of America\/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(2):e1-33.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2789_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1086\/605559","volume":"49","author":"HM Peto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Peto HM, Pratt RH, Harrington TA, LoBue PA, Armstrong LR. Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States 1993\u20132006. Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2009;49(9):1350\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"2789_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2503.180572","volume":"25","author":"Y Pang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pang Y, An J, Shu W, Huo F, Chu N, Gao M. Epidemiology of Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis among Inpatients, China, 2008\u20132017. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(3):457\u201364.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2789_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.12.006","volume":"27","author":"SE Hayward","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hayward SE, Rustage K, Nellums LB, van der Werf MJ, Noori T, Boccia D, et al. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis among migrants in Europe, 1995 to 2017. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2021;27(9):1347.e1.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"25","key":"2789_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2216081","volume":"389","author":"ML Durand","year":"2023","unstructured":"Durand ML, Barshak MB, Sobrin L. Eye Infections. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(25):2363\u201375.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2789_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)92860-7","volume":"64","author":"HC Donahue","year":"1967","unstructured":"Donahue HC. Ophthalmologic experience in a tuberculosis sanatorium. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;64(4):742\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2789_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.4567","volume":"142","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Rojas-Carabali W, Choo SS, Thng ZX, Lim YH, Lee B, et al. Validation of the online collaborative ocular tuberculosis study calculator for tubercular uveitis. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2024;142(12):1140\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2789_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2021.10.001","volume":"67","author":"HD Alli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alli HD, Ally N, Mayet I, Dangor Z, Madhi SA. Global prevalence and clinical outcomes of tubercular uveitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surv Ophthalmol. 2022;67(3):770\u201392.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2789_CR10","unstructured":"Luukinen B, Ahava M, Aittoniemi J, Miikkulainen-Lahti T, P\u00e4t\u00e4ri-Sampo A. Diagnostic performance of Xpert MTB\/RIF Ultra assay with pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens: a retrospective evaluation in a low-incidence setting in Finland. Clin Microbiol Infect [Internet]. 11. September 2025 [zitiert 20. Oktober 2025]; Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1198743X25004525"},{"issue":"8","key":"2789_CR11","first-page":"CD012768","volume":"8","author":"M Kohli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kohli M, Inbaraj LR, Salomon A, Scandrett K, Korobitsyn A, Ismail N, et al. Low-complexity automated nucleic acid amplification tests for extrapulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in adults and adolescents. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2025;8(8):CD012768.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2789_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000991","volume":"34","author":"B Bates","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bates B, Crowell EL. Ophthalmic manifestations of tuberculosis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2023;34(6):529\u201334.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2789_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-9071.2012.02766.x","volume":"40","author":"M Ang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ang M, Hedayatfar A, Zhang R, Chee SP. Clinical signs of uveitis associated with latent tuberculosis. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2012;40(7):689\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Experiment Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2789_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1934-8303","volume":"76","author":"T Schaberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schaberg T, Brinkmann F, Feiterna-Sperling C, Geerdes-Fenge H, Hartmann P, H\u00e4cker B, et al. Tuberkulose im Erwachsenenalter. Pneumologie. 2022;76:727\u2013819.","journal-title":"Pneumologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"2789_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2016-309531","volume":"101","author":"M Ang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ang M, Chee SP. Controversies in ocular tuberculosis. Br J Ophthalmol Januar. 2017;101(1):6\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol Januar"},{"issue":"3","key":"2789_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0686-8","volume":"15","author":"T Mori","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mori T. Usefulness of interferon-gamma release assays for diagnosing TB infection and problems with these assays. J Infect Chemother Off J Jpn Soc Chemother. 2009;15(3):143\u201355.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother Off J Jpn Soc Chemother"},{"key":"2789_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2019.11.009","volume":"211","author":"F Groen-Hakan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Groen-Hakan F, van Laar JAM, Bakker M, van Hagen PM, Hardjosantoso H, Rothova A. Prevalence of Positive QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube Test in Uveitis and its Clinical Implications in a Country Nonendemic for Tuberculosis. Am J Ophthalmol M\u00e4rz. 2020;211:151\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol M\u00e4rz"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2013.03.027","volume":"156","author":"DA Jabs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jabs DA, Busingye J. Approach to the diagnosis of the uveitides. Am J Ophthalmol. 2013;156(2):228\u201336.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2789_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12348-012-0079-5","volume":"2","author":"EJ Davis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Davis EJ, Rathinam SR, Okada AA, Tow SL, Petrushkin H, Graham EM, et al. Clinical spectrum of tuberculous optic neuropathy. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2012;2(4):183\u20139.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect"},{"issue":"9","key":"2789_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_1451_20","volume":"68","author":"I Testi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Testi I, Agrawal R, Mehta S, Basu S, Nguyen Q, Pavesio C, et al. Ocular tuberculosis: Where are we today? Indian J Ophthalmol. 2020;68(9):1808\u201317.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2789_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2020.101961","volume":"124","author":"S Basu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basu S, Elkington P, Rao NA. Pathogenesis of ocular tuberculosis: new observations and future directions. Tuberculosis. 2020;124:101961.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis"},{"key":"2789_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2023.101189","volume":"95","author":"I Putera","year":"2023","unstructured":"Putera I, Schrijver B, ten Berge JCEM, Gupta V, La Distia NR, Agrawal R, et al. The immune response in tubercular uveitis and its implications for treatment: From anti-tubercular treatment to host-directed therapies. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2023;95:101189.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.01.008","volume":"128","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Testi I, Mahajan S, Yuen YS, Agarwal A, Kon OM, et al. Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study consensus guidelines on the management of tubercular uveitis-report 1: guidelines for initiating antitubercular therapy in tubercular choroiditis. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(2):266\u201376.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.06.052","volume":"128","author":"R Agrawal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agrawal R, Testi I, Bodaghi B, Barisani-Asenbauer T, McCluskey P, Agarwal A, et al. Collaborative Ocular Tuberculosis Study consensus guidelines on the management of tubercular uveitis-report 2: guidelines for initiating antitubercular therapy in anterior uveitis, intermediate uveitis, panuveitis, and retinal vasculitis. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(2):277\u201387.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2789_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1007\/s00347-023-01829-1","volume":"120","author":"RS Grajewski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grajewski RS, Thurau S. Deutsche Ophthalmologische Gesellschaft (DOG), Berufsverband der Augen\u00e4rzte Deutschlands e.V. (BVA) Diagnostisches Vorgehen bei Uveitis. Ophthalmol. 2023;120(4):380\u20131.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2789_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-318868","volume":"107","author":"W Danjou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Danjou W, Pradat P, Jamilloux Y, Gerfaud-Valentin M, Kodjikian L, Trad S, et al. Usefulness of the QuantiFERON test for the diagnosis of tubercular uveitis and the predictions of response to antituberculosis treatment. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107(4):500\u20134.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2789_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunasekaran H, Ranganathan UD, Bethunaickan R. The importance of inflammatory biomarkers in detecting and managing latent tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol [Internet]. 6. Februar 2025 [zitiert 21. Oktober 2025];16. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/immunology\/articles\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1538127\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1538127"},{"key":"2789_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2021.04.024","volume":"230","author":"M Yakin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yakin M, Kesav N, Kei Cheng S, Caplash S, Gangaputra S, Sen HN. The Association between QuantiFERON-TB Gold Test and Clinical Manifestations of Uveitis in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol Oktober. 2021;230:181\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Oktober"},{"issue":"12","key":"2789_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.3390\/biology13121083","volume":"13","author":"LP Churilov","year":"2024","unstructured":"Churilov LP, Normatov MG, Ling H, Zhuang M, Kudlay D, Starshinova A. Autoimmune Diseases and Molecular Mimicry in Tuberculosis. Biology. 2024;13(12):1083.","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2789_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-025-03843-0","volume":"25","author":"H Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu H, Xu M, Chen F, Chen H, Du W, Yu J. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in intraocular fluid of 11 suspected tuberculous uveitis patients by multiplex PCR. BMC Ophthalmol. 2025;25(1):7.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"2789_CR31","unstructured":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2024 [Internet]. [zitiert 21. Oktober 2025]. Verf\u00fcgbar unter: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-programme-on-tuberculosis-and-lung-health\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4103\/atm.atm_487_21","volume":"17","author":"S Imtiaz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Imtiaz S, Batubara EM. Diagnostic value of bronchoscopy in sputum-negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients and its correlation with clinicoradiological features. Ann Thorac Med Juni. 2022;17(2):124.","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Med Juni"},{"key":"2789_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16567","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21016-7","volume":"12","author":"A Lau","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lau A, Lin C, Barrie J, Winter C, Armstrong G, Egedahl ML, et al. A comparison of the chest radiographic and computed tomographic features of subclinical pulmonary tuberculosis. Sci Rep. 2022;12:16567.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2789_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202006-2394PP","volume":"203","author":"EA Kendall","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kendall EA, Shrestha S, Dowdy DW. The epidemiological importance of subclinical tuberculosis. A critical reappraisal. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;203(2):168\u201374.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2789_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101780","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01780-2021","volume":"60","author":"A Mantei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mantei A, Meyer T, Sch\u00fcrmann M, Be\u00dfler C, Bias H, Krieger D, et al. M ycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4 T-cell scoring discriminates tuberculosis infection from disease. Eur Respir J. 2022;60(1):2101780.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:45:02Z","timestamp":1782920702000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["2789"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02789-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Lynn zur Bonsen received speaking honoraria from AbbVie and Novartis and support for attending meetings from Alimera Anne R\u00fcbsam received speaking honoria from Bayer Healthcare, Roche and Novartis and receives research support from Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) (RU 2020\/3\u20131).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interests"}}]}}