{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T11:12:56Z","timestamp":1783681976960,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005760","name":"University of Gothenburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a tick-borne bacterium that can give rise to latent infections of vascular endothelium and PMR-like symptoms. PMR is an autoinflammatory or autoimmune condition of unknown cause that has been linked to infectious agents. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible association of PMR with\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Patients with PMR (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009142) and matched control subjects (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200956) from seven primary health care centers in West Sweden were tested for infection with\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    by PCR and serology. Patient-reported data regarding 31 PMR symptoms, tick exposure, past and current co-morbidities were registered. Anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) and 38 inflammatory markers were measured in serum. The data was analyzed by multivariate methods of pattern recognition. There was no difference in the prevalence of infection with\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    between the PMR patients (5.6%) and the control subjects (5.4%). PMR patients infected with\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    differed from the non-infected PMR patients by their raised levels of IgM AECA and of interleukin-1\u03b2, and lower levels of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4, cystatin C and angiopoietin-1. Furthermore, there was a correlation between IgM antibodies to\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and IgM AECA (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.50,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). To conclude, PMR patients infected with\n                    <jats:italic>N. mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    had vascular autoantibodies and a distinct inflammatory profile but whether the infection had triggered or modulated the development of PMR could not be established in the present study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T10:17:40Z","timestamp":1783678660000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The association of Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection with polymyalgia rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Lingblom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Sundvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaitz","family":"Aranburu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Bengtsson Bostr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per","family":"Hjerpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Mossberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4r-Daniel","family":"Sundvall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wenner\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2857_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu189","volume":"58","author":"A Grankvist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Grankvist A, Andersson PO, Mattsson M, Sender M, Vaht K, Hoper L, et al. Infections with the tick-borne bacterium Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis mimic noninfectious conditions in patients with B cell malignancies or autoimmune diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(12):1716\u201322.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2857_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.02.030","volume":"21","author":"C Wenneras","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wenneras C. Infections with the tick-borne bacterium Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(7):621\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"2857_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2372","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1217","volume":"73","author":"L H\u00f6per","year":"2021","unstructured":"H\u00f6per L, Skoog E, Stenson M, Grankvist A, Wass L, Olsen B, et al. Vasculitis due to Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis: A Cohort Study of 40 Swedish Patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(7):e2372\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2857_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.70120","volume":"178","author":"L Wass","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wass L, Lewerin C, Jaen-Luchoro D, Lingblom C, Wenneras C. Latent Neoehrlichia mikurensis Infections May Be Reactivated in Patients With B-Cell Lymphomas Treated With Rituximab. Immunology. 2026;178:307\u201317.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2857_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-024-04909-5","volume":"43","author":"C Wenneras","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wenneras C, Wass L, Bergstrom B, Grankvist A, Lingblom C. Ten years of detecting Neoehrlichia mikurensis infections in Sweden: demographic, clinical and inflammatory parameters. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024;43(11):2083\u201392.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2857_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13525","volume":"292","author":"IE Lundberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lundberg IE, Sharma A, Turesson C, Mohammad AJ. An update on polymyalgia rheumatica. J Intern Med. 2022;292(5):717\u201332.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"2857_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102670","volume":"19","author":"G Carvajal Alegria","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carvajal Alegria G, Boukhlal S, Cornec D, Devauchelle-Pensec V. The pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica, small pieces of a big puzzle. Autoimmun Rev. 2020;19(11):102670.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2857_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103415","volume":"23","author":"C Salvarani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salvarani C, Padoan R, Iorio L, Tomelleri A, Terrier B, Muratore F, et al. Subclinical giant cell arteritis in polymyalgia rheumatica: Concurrent conditions or a common spectrum of inflammatory diseases? Autoimmun Rev. 2024;23(1):103415.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2857_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000694","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2018-000694","volume":"4","author":"A Floris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Floris A, Piga M, Cauli A, Salvarani C, Mathieu A. Polymyalgia rheumatica: an autoinflammatory disorder? RMD Open. 2018;4(1):e000694.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"2857_CR10","first-page":"112","volume":"23","author":"P Elling","year":"1996","unstructured":"Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H. Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark; association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. J Rheumatol. 1996;23(1):112\u20139.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2857_CR11","first-page":"e70671","volume":"16","author":"K Hayashi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hayashi K, Maeda H, Hayashi H, Suzuki A, Nakaya Y, Sato M, et al. Polymyalgia Rheumatica Following Influenza B Infection: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16(10):e70671.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"2857_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.5606\/ArchRheumatol.2018.6859","volume":"33","author":"F Kulakli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kulakli F, Kulakli S, Ilhanli I, Aslan A, Uysal E, Celik C. Polymyalgia Rheumatica After Herpes-Zoster. Arch Rheumatol. 2018;33(4):494\u20135.","journal-title":"Arch Rheumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2857_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70182","DOI":"10.1002\/iid3.70182","volume":"13","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Huang H, Chen L, Guo S, Gong QM. Case Report: Concurrent Babesiosis and GCA\/PMR. Immun Inflamm Dis. 2025;13(3):e70182.","journal-title":"Immun Inflamm Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2857_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.150060","volume":"21","author":"A Grankvist","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grankvist A, Sandelin LL, Andersson J, Fryland L, Wilhelmsson P, Lindgren PE, et al. Infections with Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis and Cytokine Responses in 2 Persons Bitten by Ticks, Sweden. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(8):1462\u20135.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"2857_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alsalihi R, Andersson K, Aranburu A, Lingblom C, Wass L, Lewerin C et al. Detection of human antibody responses to tick-borne Neoehrlichia mikurensis. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2026;215(1).","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-026-00869-z"},{"key":"2857_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stocchero M, Locci E, d\u2019Aloja E, Nioi M, Baraldi E, Giordano G. PLS2 in Metabolomics. Metabolites. 2019;9(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo9030051"},{"issue":"11","key":"2857_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2091","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3111.250125","volume":"31","author":"H Quarsten","year":"2025","unstructured":"Quarsten H, Ryen CNB, Mork LKT, Wenneras C, Steinsvag CT. Tickborne Neoehrlichia mikurensis in the Blood of Blood Donors, Norway, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025;31(11):2091\u20137.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2857_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2364","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa971","volume":"73","author":"H Quarsten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quarsten H, Salte T, Lorentzen AR, Hansen IJW, Hamre R, Forselv KJN, et al. Tick-borne Pathogens Detected in the Blood of Immunosuppressed Norwegian Patients Living in a Tick-endemic Area. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(7):e2364\u201371.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2857_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2026.2638447","volume":"67","author":"C Wenneras","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wenneras C, Alsalihi R, Karlsson V, Lewerin C, Wojewoda K, Osmancevic A, et al. Neoehrlichia mikurensis infection associated with lymphoma or mimicking lymphoma in two cohorts of Swedish patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2026;67(6):1327\u201334.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"2857_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Broz P. Recognition of Intracellular Bacteria by Inflammasomes. Microbiol Spectr. 2019;7(2).","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.BAI-0003-2019"},{"issue":"7","key":"2857_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2025.103815","volume":"24","author":"V Carnazzo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Carnazzo V, Rigante D, Restante G, Basile V, Pocino K, Basile U. The entrenchment of NLRP3 inflammasomes in autoimmune disease-related inflammation. Autoimmun Rev. 2025;24(7):103815.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2857_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V87.6.2095.bloodjournal8762095","volume":"87","author":"CA Dinarello","year":"1996","unstructured":"Dinarello CA. Biologic basis for interleukin-1 in disease. Blood. 1996;87(6):2095\u2013147.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2857_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.107983","volume":"221","author":"R Roskoski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Roskoski R. Jr. Vascular endothelial cells and angiogenesis. Pharmacol Res. 2025;221:107983.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2857_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.267732","volume":"287","author":"LW Contois","year":"2012","unstructured":"Contois LW, Nugent DP, Caron JM, Cretu A, Tweedie E, Akalu A, et al. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 differentially inhibits growth factor-induced angiogenesis. J Biol Chem. 2012;287(3):1779\u201389.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"2857_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2014.121","volume":"93","author":"Y Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu Y, Ding Y, Li X, Wu X. Cystatin C is a disease-associated protein subject to multiple regulation. Immunol Cell Biol. 2015;93(5):442\u201351.","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2857_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI7709","volume":"104","author":"GP Shi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shi GP, Sukhova GK, Grubb A, Ducharme A, Rhode LH, Lee RT, et al. Cystatin C deficiency in human atherosclerosis and aortic aneurysms. J Clin Invest. 1999;104(9):1191\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2857_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casciola-Rosen L, Thiemann DR, Andrade F, Trejo-Zambrano MI, Leonard EK, Spangler JB et al. IgM anti-ACE2 autoantibodies in severe COVID-19 activate complement and perturb vascular endothelial function. JCI Insight. 2022;7(9).","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.158362"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T10:17:42Z","timestamp":1783678662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["2857"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02857-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}