{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:09:18Z","timestamp":1791230958373,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (MHH)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Since February 2022, the war in Ukraine has led to large-scale displacement, including people living with HIV (PLWH). Early reports described predominantly virologically suppressed individuals with preserved immune function. Data on refugees with HIV presenting during later phases of the war are limited. We conducted a retrospective single-center study including adult refugees with HIV from Ukraine presenting to a tertiary care center in Germany. Paticipants were grouped by time of presentation: Cohort 1 (March\u2013December 2022) and Cohort 2 (January 2023\u2013February 2024). Clinical, immunological, and virological parameters were compared between cohorts. A total of 86 individuals were included (Cohort 1:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200946; Cohort 2:\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200940). Participants in cohort 2 more frequently received their first HIV diagnosis after presentation in Germany, with no previously documented HIV diagnosis in Ukraine or elsewhere, compared with cohort 1 (67% vs. 5%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Participants in Cohort 2 more often presented with detectable HIV RNA (65% vs. 29%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and advanced immunodeficiency (CD4\u2009&lt;\u2009200\/\u00b5L: 28% vs. 9%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Among individuals with prior HIV diagnosis, virological failure was more common in Cohort 2 (50% vs. 14%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.006). AIDS-defining illnesses occurred more frequently in Cohort 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005). Serological evidence of HBV and HCV infection was high in both cohorts. Refugees with HIV from Ukraine presenting during later phases of the war exhibit more advanced disease and poorer virological control compared with earlier arrivals. These findings suggest increasing disruption of HIV care over time and highlight the need for low-threshold access to testing, comprehensive screening, and rapid initiation of antiretroviral therapy in this population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:27:11Z","timestamp":1783092431000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Changing patterns in the medical care of refugees with HIV from Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Gerrit","family":"Ahrenstorf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Dopfer-Jablonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Knuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theresa","family":"Graalmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thea","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rene Abu","family":"Isneineh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix C.","family":"Ringshausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hortense","family":"Slevogt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Witte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg M. N.","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2867_CR1","unstructured":"https:\/\/data.unhcr.org\/en\/situations\/ukraine accessed February 2nd 2026."},{"key":"2867_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/de.statista.com\/statistik\/daten\/studie\/1293861\/umfrage\/anzahl-der-kriegsfluechtlinge-aus-der-ukraine-nach-aufnahmeland\/, accessed February 2nd 2026."},{"key":"2867_CR3","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO). HIV\/AIDS surveillance in Europe 2024, 2023 data doi 10.2900\/3113714."},{"key":"2867_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00125-4","volume":"6","author":"M Vasylyev","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vasylyev M, Skrzat-Klapaczynska A, Bernadina JI, et al. Unified European support framework to sustain the HIV cascade of care for people living with HIV including in displaced populations of war-struck Ukraine. Lancet HIV. 2022;6:e438\u201348.","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"10","key":"2867_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad116","volume":"76","author":"M Parczewski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Parczewski M, Jab\u0142onowksa E, W\u00f3jcik-Cichy K, et al. Clinical perspective on Human immunodeficiency Virus care of Ukrainian war refugees in Poland. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(10):1708\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad116.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2867_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Massmann R, Dole\u017ealov\u00e1 K, Soj\u00e1k L, et al. Demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Ukrainian war refugees with HIV in the Slovak Republic. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2024;62102764. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2024.102764.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2024.102764"},{"issue":"4","key":"2867_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13597","volume":"25","author":"G Ahrenstorf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahrenstorf G, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Joean O, et al. Status of HIV and coborbidities in refugees with HIV from Ukraine. HIV Med. 2024;25(4):479\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hiv.13597.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2867_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2000.2.1\/macrocq","volume":"2","author":"MA Crocq","year":"2000","unstructured":"Crocq MA, Crocq L. From shell shock and war neurosis to posttraumatic stress disorder: a history of psychotraumatology. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2000;2(1):47\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31887\/DCNS.2000.2.1\/macrocq.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2867_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.031308.100147","volume":"30","author":"BS Levy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levy BS, Sidel VW. Health Effects of Combat: A Life-Course Perspective. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:123\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.031308.100147.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"2867_CR10","unstructured":"Haberl A, Boesecke C, Gunsenheimer-Bartmeier c et al. ORANGE STUDY HIV patients from Ukraine- Continuum of care in Germany; EACS 2023 Warsaw; Abstract eP.A.063."},{"key":"2867_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014299","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-014299","volume":"8","author":"Y Lopatina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lopatina Y, \u017bakowicz AM, Shabarova Z, et al. Safeguarding HIV prevention and care services amidst military conflict: experiences from Ukraine. BMJ Glob Health. 2023;8:e014299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2023-014299.","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:27:20Z","timestamp":1783092440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["2867"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02867-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}