{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T19:27:56Z","timestamp":1793647676712,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"James Cook University","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/04gsp2c11","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the outcomes of iGAS infection and associated risk factors in Northern Queensland, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked hospital data from 2000 to 2020. iGAS cases were identified using ICD-10-AM diagnosis codes in administrative health datasets. Mortality and disease burden were analysed, and risk factors for adverse outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and competing risks regression. Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were estimated to quantify disease burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 933 iGAS related hospitalisations were identified among 870 individuals. The mean age of the cohort was 45 years (SD\u2009=\u200924), with a median age of 61 years (IQR: 48\u201377 years). Hospitalised case fatality rate was 5.2%. Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission was required for 219 patients (23.5%). Readmissions occurred in 2.0% of cases, and 3.6% experienced recurrent infection. Most deaths were attributable to sepsis (80%), with necrotising fasciitis (18%) and septic shock (13.3%) also contributing. In multivariable analysis, age\u2009\u2265\u200960 years was associated with lower odds of ICU admission, while female sex, non-Indigenous status, higher Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA) decile, cardiac disease, and renal failure were associated with increased odds of ICU admission (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Older age, non-Indigenous status and renal failure were significantly associated with increased mortality (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). The total DALY burden was 1,375 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>iGAS imposes a substantial health burden in Northern Queensland, characterised by significant morbidity and high advanced health resource utilisation. Identification of high-risk groups highlights opportunities for targeted prevention of adverse health outcomes of iGAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02940-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T08:12:28Z","timestamp":1788336748000},"page":"2907-2917","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Outcomes and associated risk factors among hospitalisations attributed to invasive group A streptococcal disease in Northern Queensland, Australia: a 21-year population-based data linkage study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0132-806X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himali","family":"Ratnayake","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8987-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damon","family":"Eisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9793-8024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oyelola","family":"Adegboye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1813-5873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Pak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9570-9172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"McBryde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2940_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818002285","volume":"147","author":"T Barnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barnett T, Bowen A, Carapetis JR. 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