{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T09:50:06Z","timestamp":1791366606804,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:55:23Z","timestamp":1791363323000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Intensive care infection score outperforms inflammatory biomarkers in detecting infection in critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Noelle","family":"Nacke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"H\u00f6nemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bastian","family":"Bl\u00f6mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Klatte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zarbock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens-Christian","family":"Schewe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6678-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Luise","family":"R\u00fcbsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2984_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016;315:801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-022-06956-y","volume":"49","author":"P P\u00f3voa","year":"2023","unstructured":"P\u00f3voa P, Coelho L, Dal-Pizzol F, Ferrer R, Huttner A, Conway Morris A, et al. How to use biomarkers of infection or sepsis at the bedside: guide to clinicians. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49:142\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-022-06956-y.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2984_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1308\/rcsann.2022.0053","volume":"104","author":"E Jerome","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jerome E, McPhail M, Menon K. Diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin and interleukin-6 for postoperative infection in major gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2022;104:561\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1308\/rcsann.2022.0053.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"2984_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000263","volume":"119","author":"C Santonocito","year":"2014","unstructured":"Santonocito C, De Loecker I, Donadello K, Moussa MD, Markowicz S, Gullo A, et al. C-reactive protein kinetics after major surgery. Anesth Analg. 2014;119:624\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000263.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"2984_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9010","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25169010","volume":"25","author":"R-R He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He R-R, Yue G-L, Dong M-L, Wang J-Q, Cheng C. Sepsis biomarkers: advancements and clinical applications\u2014a narrative review. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:9010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25169010.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2984_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060514557711","volume":"43","author":"K Weimann","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weimann K, Zimmermann M, Spies CD, Wernecke K-D, Vicherek O, Nachtigall I, et al. Intensive care infection score\u2013a new approach to distinguish between infectious and noninfectious processes in intensive care and medicosurgical patients. J Int Med Res. 2015;43:435\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060514557711.","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"2984_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5620","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-37204-8","volume":"16","author":"N Nacke","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nacke N, Zuther M, H\u00f6nemann C, Zimmermann M, Bl\u00f6mer B, Klatte S, et al. Time stability of intensive care infection score (ICIS) as a cellular hematology biomarker for infection in critically ill patients. Sci Rep. 2026;16:5620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-026-37204-8.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2984_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-023-07108-6","volume":"49","author":"M Jeffrey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeffrey M, Denny KJ, Lipman J, Conway Morris A. Differentiating infection, colonisation, and sterile inflammation in critical illness: the emerging role of host-response profiling. Intensive Care Med. 2023;49:760\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-023-07108-6.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2984_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075","author":"HC Prescott","year":"2026","unstructured":"Prescott HC, Antonelli M, Alhazzani W, M\u00f8ller MH, Alshamsi F, Azevedo LCP et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2026. Crit Care Med. 2026 [cited 2026 May 15]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075."},{"key":"2984_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-026-08521-3","author":"T Brenner","year":"2026","unstructured":"Brenner T, Skarabis A, Schaller SJ, Von Groote T, Putensen C, G\u00fcnther U, et al. Effects of a clinical metagenomics intervention on clinical outcomes, healthcare costs, and health-related quality of life in patients with sepsis or septic shock: results of the randomized-controlled DigiSep trial. Intensive Care Med. 2026 [cited 2026 July 12]. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-026-08521-3.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med [Internet]"},{"key":"2984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac829","volume":"76","author":"R Patel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patel R, Tsalik EL, Evans S, Fowler VG, Doernberg SB, for The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group. Clinically adjudicated reference standards for evaluation of infectious diseases diagnostics. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76:938\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciac829.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2984_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201712-2472OC","volume":"198","author":"RR Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller RR, Lopansri BK, Burke JP, Levy M, Opal S, Rothman RE, et al. Validation of a host response assay, SeptiCyte LAB, for discriminating sepsis from systemic inflammatory response syndrome in the ICU. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;198:903\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.201712-2472OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2984_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.010","volume":"112","author":"CB Van Houten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Van Houten CB, Naaktgeboren CA, Ashkenazi-Hoffnung L, Ashkenazi S, Avis W, Chistyakov I, et al. Expert panel diagnosis demonstrated high reproducibility as reference standard in infectious diseases. J Clin Epidemiol. 2019;112:20\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2019.03.010.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2984_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1037\/h0031619","volume":"76","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1971","unstructured":"Fleiss JL. Measuring nominal scale agreement among many raters. Psychol Bull. 1971;76:378\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0031619.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2984_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics Int Biometric Soc. 1977;33:159\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529310.","journal-title":"Biometrics Int Biometric Soc"},{"key":"2984_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-025-00767-3","volume":"13","author":"E Deniz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deniz E, Klatte S, Tekin-Bubenheim N, Zimmermann M. Intensive care infection score: ICIS discriminates between infected and uninfected critically ill patients in routine intensive care unit practice. Intensive Care Med Exp. 2025;13:58. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40635-025-00767-3.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med Exp"},{"key":"2984_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14468","volume":"47","author":"F Vrback\u00fd","year":"2025","unstructured":"Vrback\u00fd F, Bla\u017eek M, F\u00e1torov\u00e1 I, \u0160\u00edmov\u00e1 K, \u017d\u00e1k P. Intensive care infection score (ICIS) is an early marker for infection in time of admission to intensive care units. Int J Lab Hematol. 2025;47:707\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijlh.14468.","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"2984_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-023-04367-z","volume":"27","author":"O Turgman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Turgman O, Schinkel M, Wiersinga WJ. Host response biomarkers for sepsis in the emergency room. Crit Care. 2023;27:97. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-023-04367-z.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"2984_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2174\/187152812800392841","volume":"11","author":"A Nierhaus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nierhaus A, Linssen J, Wichmann D, Braune S, Kluge S. Use of a weighted, automated analysis of the differential blood count to differentiate sepsis from non-infectious systemic inflammation. Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets. 2012;11:109\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/187152812800392841.","journal-title":"Inflamm Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"2984_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1366-6","volume":"20","author":"PJ van der Geest","year":"2016","unstructured":"van der Geest PJ, Mohseni M, Linssen J, Duran S, Jonge R, Groeneveld ABJ. The intensive care infection score - a novel marker for the prediction of infection and its severity. Crit Care Lond Engl. 2016;20:180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-016-1366-6.","journal-title":"Crit Care Lond Engl"},{"key":"2984_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70323-7","volume":"13","author":"C Wacker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wacker C, Prkno A, Brunkhorst FM, Schlattmann P. Procalcitonin as a diagnostic marker for sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013;13:426\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70323-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2984_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2014.09.009","volume":"157","author":"DG Watt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Watt DG, Horgan PG, McMillan DC. Routine clinical markers of the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory response after elective operation: a systematic review. Surgery. 2015;157:362\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.surg.2014.09.009.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"2984_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-015-2205-y","volume":"30","author":"SL Gans","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gans SL, Atema JJ, Van Dieren S, Koerkamp BG, Boermeester MA. Diagnostic value of C-reactive protein to rule out infectious complications after major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2015;30:861\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00384-015-2205-y.","journal-title":"Int J Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"2984_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.05.009","volume":"41","author":"A Sariego-Jamardo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sariego-Jamardo A, Rey C, Medina A, Mayordomo-Colunga J, Concha-Torre A, Prieto B, et al. C-reactive protein, procalcitonin and interleukin-6 kinetics in pediatric postoperative patients. J Crit Care. 2017;41:119\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrc.2017.05.009.","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"2984_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2015.1057759","volume":"75","author":"T Jukic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jukic T, Ihan A, Stubljar D. Dynamics of inflammation biomarkers C-reactive protein, leukocytes, neutrophils, and CD64 on neutrophils before and after major surgical procedures to recognize potential postoperative infection. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2015;75:500\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365513.2015.1057759.","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Invest"},{"key":"2984_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943522","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.943522","volume":"12","author":"A Roux","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roux A, David V, Bardet MS, Auditeau E, Durand Fontanier S, Taibi A. Predictive value of C-reactive protein levels for the early and later detection of postoperative complications after cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC. Front Oncol. 2022;12:943522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2022.943522.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2984_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e093615","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093615","volume":"15","author":"AM Van Boekel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Van Boekel AM, Van Der Meijden SL, Geerts BF, Van Goor H, Van Geloven N, Arbous MS, et al. C-reactive protein in the first 30 postoperative days and its discriminative value as a marker for postoperative infections, a multicentre cohort study. BMJ Open. 2025;15:e093615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-093615.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2984_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R192","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9309","volume-title":"Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit","author":"CPC de Jager","year":"2010","unstructured":"de Jager CPC, van Wijk PTL, Mathoera RB, de Jongh-Leuvenink J, van der Poll T, Wever PC. Lymphocytopenia and neutrophil-lymphocyte count ratio predict bacteremia better than conventional infection markers in an emergency care unit. Crit Care. 2010; 14: R192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc9309."},{"key":"2984_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.2004.017335","volume":"57","author":"DH Wyllie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wyllie DH, Bowler ICJW, Peto TEA. Relation between lymphopenia and bacteraemia in UK adults with medical emergencies. J Clin Pathol. 2004;57:950\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jcp.2004.017335.","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"2984_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Agnello L, Giglio RV, Bivona G, Scazzone C, Gambino CM, Iacona A et al. The value of a complete blood count (CBC) for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Diagnostics. 2021;11:1881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11101881","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11101881"},{"key":"2984_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.89.10.1200","volume":"89","author":"HS Gurm","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gurm HS, Bhatt DL, Lincoff AM, Tcheng JE, Kereiakes DJ, Kleiman NS, et al. Impact of preprocedural white blood cell count on long term mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the EPIC, EPILOG, and EPISTENT trials. Heart. 2003;89:1200\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/heart.89.10.1200.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"2984_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_326_22","volume":"27","author":"P Sooriyaarachchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sooriyaarachchi P, Jayawardena R, Pavey T, King NA. Shift work is associated with an elevated white blood cell count: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Occup Environ Med. 2023;27:278\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijoem.ijoem_326_22.","journal-title":"Indian J Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2984_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"pkz102","DOI":"10.1093\/jncics\/pkz102","volume":"4","author":"JYY Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong JYY, Bassig BA, Loftfield E, Hu W, Freedman ND, Ji B, et al. White blood cell count and risk of incident lung cancer in the UK biobank. JNCI Cancer Spectr. 2020;4:pkz102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jncics\/pkz102.","journal-title":"JNCI Cancer Spectr"},{"key":"2984_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.05.014","volume":"66","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2013","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AWS, Westwood ME, Mallett S. A systematic review classifies sources of bias and variation in diagnostic test accuracy studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2013;66:1093\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.05.014.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2984_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-019-0368-2","volume":"7","author":"BK Lopansri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lopansri BK, Miller Iii RR, Burke JP, Levy M, Opal S, Rothman RE, et al. Physician agreement on the diagnosis of sepsis in the intensive care unit: estimation of concordance and analysis of underlying factors in a multicenter cohort. J Intensive Care. 2019;7:13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40560-019-0368-2.","journal-title":"J Intensive Care"},{"key":"2984_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x","volume":"46","author":"C Fleischmann-Struzek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fleischmann-Struzek C, Mellhammar L, Rose N, Cassini A, Rudd KE, Schlattmann P, et al. Incidence and mortality of hospital- and ICU-treated sepsis: results from an updated and expanded systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46:1552\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00134-020-06151-x.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"2984_CR37","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Principles and procedures for blood cultures. 2nd ed. Wayne, PA, USA: CLSI guideline M47; 2022. https:\/\/clsi.org\/shop\/standards\/m47\/"},{"key":"2984_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R202","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12896","volume":"17","author":"J Phua","year":"2013","unstructured":"Phua J, Ngerng WJ, See KC, Tay CK, Kiong T, Lim HF, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of culture-negative versus culture-positive severe sepsis. Crit Care. 2013;17:R202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc12896.","journal-title":"Crit Care"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T08:55:26Z","timestamp":1791363326000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["2984"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-02984-8","relation":{"references":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000007075","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that Noelle Nacke has received speaker honorarium from Sysmex Deutschland GmbH; Christian H\u00f6nemann has received speaker honorarium from CSL Vifor Germany and Sysmex Deutschland GmbH; Stefanie Klatte receives salary from Sysmex Europe SE; Alexander Zarbock has received consulting fees from Astute-Biomerieux, Baxter, Revelation, Dropshot Therapeutics, Chugai, Bayer, Novartis, Guard Therapeutics, AM Pharma, Paion, Viatris, Fresenius, research funding from Astute-Biomerieux, DFG, Fresenius, Baxter, and speaker fees from Astute-Biomerieux, Fresenius, Viatris, Paion, Baxter, and Marie-Luise R\u00fcbsam has received speaker honorarium from Sysmex Deutschland GmbH. Bastian Bl\u00f6mer and Jens-Christian Schewe declare no competing interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments and in compliance with International Conference on Harmonization Good Clinical Practice Guidelines. The institutional ethics committee of the Medical Association of Lower Saxony, Germany, approved the study (Ref: Bo\/08\/2021, 06.04.2021).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Written consent was obtained from all individual participants or their legal representative included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to publish","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}