{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:50:38Z","timestamp":1791489038737,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infection"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following the administration of prophylactic intramuscular benzathine penicillin G (BPG) for recurrent cellulitis, the precise duration of its protective effect remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the prophylactic efficacy of BPG against recurrent cellulitis under various assumed durations of prophylaxis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective observational study included 73 patients who received BPG prophylaxis for cellulitis. We compared cellulitis episodes between the prophylaxis and non-prophylaxis periods, and analyzed the timing of recurrence after BPG administration. A multivariable time-varying Cox regression analysis was performed, with time after BPG injection as the time-varying covariate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      An analysis of 592 patient-years revealed 310 recurrences. Under the assumption of a 14-day prophylactic window after BPG administration, the recurrence rate was significantly lower during the prophylaxis period than during the non-prophylaxis period (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33\u20130.99;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .045). In contrast, when assuming prophylactic windows of 21 and 28 days, the IRRs were 0.74 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .154) and 0.92 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .642), respectively. Among the cellulitis episodes that occurred within 10 weeks of BPG administration, 43% occurred between days 15 and 28. After adjusting for lymphedema, the risk of recurrence was significantly lower within 14 days of BPG administration (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.31\u20130.94;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .030).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The protective effect of intramuscular BPG against recurrent cellulitis was most pronounced during the first two weeks after administration, supporting the potential utility of individualized, shorter dosing intervals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:55:12Z","timestamp":1791442512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Duration of protective effect after benzathine penicillin G prophylaxis for recurrent cellulitis: a 14-day window of efficacy"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Kyung Hun","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dohyeon","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Kyeong","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hoon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donghwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Soo","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Mi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang Kyung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pyoeng Gyun","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wan Beom","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nam Joong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"3008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Collazos J, de la Fuente B, Garc\u00eda A et al. Cellulitis in adult patients: A large, multicenter, observational, prospective study of 606 episodes and analysis of the factors related to the response to treatment. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(9).","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204036"},{"key":"3008_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-270","volume":"14","author":"M Inghammar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Inghammar M, Rasmussen M, Linder A. Recurrent erysipelas\u2013risk factors and clinical presentation. BMC Infect Dis. 2014;14:270.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"3008_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02906.x","volume":"16","author":"M Karppelin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karppelin M, Siljander T, Vuopio-Varkila J, et al. Factors predisposing to acute and recurrent bacterial non-necrotizing cellulitis in hospitalized patients: a prospective case-control study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010;16(6):729\u201334.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"3008_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1439-0353.2004.03028.x","volume":"2","author":"F Pavlotsky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pavlotsky F, Amrani S, Trau H. Recurrent erysipelas: risk factors. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2004;2(2):89\u201395.","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"issue":"3","key":"3008_CR5","first-page":"89","volume":"65","author":"JB Koster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Koster JB, Kullberg BJ, van der Meer JWM. Recurrent erysipelas despite antibiotic prophylaxis: an analysis from case studies. Neth J Med. 2007;65(3):89\u201394.","journal-title":"Neth J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3008_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.02.011","volume":"69","author":"CC Oh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oh CC, Ko HC, Lee HY, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing recurrent cellulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2014;69(1):26\u201334.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"3008_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.5530\/jyp.2018.10.81","volume":"10","author":"SVP Jeyamani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeyamani SVP, Rajan AK, Indumathi S, et al. Causative Organisms of Cellulitis - A Retrospective Study. J Young Pharm. 2018;10(3):367\u201370.","journal-title":"J Young Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"3008_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296","volume":"59","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 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Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25(3):685\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T19:02:32Z","timestamp":1791486152000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["3008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-026-03008-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8126","1439-0973"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8126","type":"print"},{"value":"1439-0973","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 August 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Seoul National University Hospital (IRB no. 2508-051-1664).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}