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Gaining insight into students\u2019 metacognitive awareness is needed as misalignment between actual and self-perceived knowledge impedes their learning process. The optimal method of measuring self-perceived knowledge is still under debate. In this study, we evaluate the use of psychology-derived post-decision wagering for mapping students self-perceived knowledge.\r\nMethods Students (n\u202f=\u200971) performed a\u00a0pre-test on medical physiology, followed by a\u00a0teacher-moderated discussion and a\u00a0post-test with isomorph questions. Half of the students rated their self-perceived knowledge on each question using post-decision wagering, i.\u202fe. betting 1\u20135\u00a0points on the correctness of their answer, whereas the other half used a\u00a05-point Likert scale to rate their confidence.\r\nResults Self-perceived knowledge scores were higher for post-decision wagering (pre: 3.75\u202f\u00b1\u20090.14, post: 4.60\u202f\u00b1\u20090.07) compared with Likert scales (pre: 3.13\u202f\u00b1\u20090.08, post: 3.92\u202f\u00b1\u20090.08) despite similar actual knowledge scores. Furthermore, Likert ratings showed a\u00a0near-normal distribution, whereas wagers were placed preferentially using the outer ends of the scale. Correlations between mean actual and self-perceived knowledge scores were low in both groups. On average, 8.5% of responses were classified as misconceptions, defined as highly confident incorrect answers.\r\nDiscussion Despite the presumed reliability of post-decision wagering, our findings suggest that we should adhere to the use of Likert scales as a balanced measure for self-perceived knowledge in medical education. Moreover, the prevalence of misconceptions did not alter after instruction, indicating a need for instructional <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40037-019-0495-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]],"date-time":"2019-02-05T09:04:08Z","timestamp":1549357448000},"page":"9-19","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Putting post-decision wagering to the test: a&amp;nbsp;measure of self-perceived knowledge in basic sciences?"],"prefix":"10.5334","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Marjolein","family":"Versteeg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Steendijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"3285","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"495_CR1","first-page":"30","volume":"13:322","author":"B Ziegler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ziegler B, Montplaisir L. 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