{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T12:23:44Z","timestamp":1778070224570,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cardiol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T03:25:04Z","timestamp":1760066704000},"page":"513-530","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Resistant Blood Pressure: New Frontiers in Interventional Hypertension Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9790-0028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chukwunonyelum","family":"Uche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aleyah","family":"Hattab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Draffen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vicki","family":"Groo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adhir","family":"Shroff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"434_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","volume":"16","author":"KT Mills","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mills KT, Stefanescu A, He J. The global epidemiology of hypertension. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(4):223\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"10304","key":"434_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","volume":"398","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)","year":"2021","unstructured":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants [published correction appears in Lancet. 2022 Feb 5;399(10324):520. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00061-7.]. Lancet. 2021;398(10304):957\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"434_CR3","unstructured":"Vemu P, Yang E, Ebinger J. 2023 ESH Hypertension Guideline Update: Bringing Us Closer Together Across the Pond - American College of Cardiology. American College of Cardiology. Published 2023. https:\/\/www.acc.org\/Latest-in-Cardiology\/Articles\/2024\/02\/05\/11\/43\/2023-ESH-Hypertension-Guideline-Update. Accessed 3 June 2025."},{"key":"434_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001356","author":"DW Jones","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jones DW, Ferdinand KC, Taler SJ, et al. AHA\/ACC\/AANP\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACCP\/ACPM\/AGS\/AMA\/ASPC\/NMA\/PCNA\/SGIM guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001356.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.16489","volume":"78","author":"G Mancia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mancia G, Facchetti R, Bombelli M, Cuspidi C, Grassi G. White-coat hypertension: pathophysiological and clinical aspects: excellence award for hypertension research 2020. Hypertension. 2021;78(6):1677\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.16489.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-1785","volume":"166","author":"A Qaseem","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qaseem A, Wilt TJ, Rich R, et al. Pharmacologic treatment of hypertension in adults aged 60 years or older to higher versus lower blood pressure targets: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians and the American Academy of Family Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166(6):430\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M16-1785.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000084","volume":"72","author":"RM Carey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al. Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018;72(5):e53\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYP.0000000000000084.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"15","key":"434_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw303","volume":"38","author":"MD Lobo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lobo MD, Sobotka PA, Pathak A. Interventional procedures and future drug therapy for hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(15):1101\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw303.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.318091","volume":"128","author":"F Mahfoud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mahfoud F, Schlaich MP, Lobo MD. Device therapy of hypertension. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):1080\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.121.318091.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"434_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"G Mancia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstr\u00f6m M, et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertension. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hjh.0000000000003480.","journal-title":"J Hypertension"},{"key":"434_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e079108","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-079108","volume":"385","author":"EL Schiffrin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schiffrin EL, Fisher NDL. Diagnosis and management of resistant hypertension [published correction appears in BMJ. 2024 Jun 27;385:q1430. 10.1136\/bmj.q1430.]. BMJ. 2024;385:e079108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2023-079108.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-4061","volume":"101","author":"RM Carey","year":"2016","unstructured":"Funder JW, Carey RM, Mantero F, et al. The management of primary aldosteronism: case detection, diagnosis, and treatment: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(5):1889\u2013916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2015-4061.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"434_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1845","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.124.22642","volume":"81","author":"GP Rossi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rossi GP, Rossi FB, Guarnieri C, Rossitto G, Seccia TM. Clinical management of primary aldosteronism: an update. Hypertension. 2024;81(9):1845\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hypertensionaha.124.22642.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"2","key":"434_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.11.004","volume":"106","author":"H Sarathy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarathy H, Salman LA, Lee C, Cohen JB. Evaluation and management of secondary hypertension. Med Clin North Am. 2022;106(2):269\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcna.2021.11.004.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-022-01181-w","volume":"24","author":"J Brown","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brown J, Yazdi F, Jodari-Karimi M, Owen JG, Reisin E. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: updates to a critical relationship. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2022;24(6):173\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11906-022-01181-w.","journal-title":"Curr Hypertens Rep"},{"issue":"38","key":"434_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191","volume":"44","author":"RA Byrne","year":"2023","unstructured":"Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44(38):3720\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad191.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"434_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/hyp.0000000000000084","author":"RM Carey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al. Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hyp.0000000000000084.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"11","key":"434_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac492","volume":"107","author":"M Savas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Savas M, Mehta S, Agrawal N, Elisabeth, Feelders RA. Approach to the patient: diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(11):3162\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgac492.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10008","key":"434_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2059","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00257-3","volume":"386","author":"B Williams","year":"2015","unstructured":"Williams B, MacDonald TM, Morant S, et al. Spironolactone versus placebo, bisoprolol, and doxazosin to determine the optimal treatment for drug-resistant hypertension (PATHWAY-2): a randomised, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet. 2015;386(10008):2059\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00257-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.121.318083","volume":"128","author":"RM Carey","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carey RM, Wright JT, Taler SJ, Whelton PK. Guideline-driven management of hypertension. Circ Res. 2021;128(7):827\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circresaha.121.318083.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"434_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.7326\/M17-1805","volume":"168","author":"KT Mills","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mills KT, Obst KM, Shen W, et al. Comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for blood pressure control in hypertensive patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(2):110\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M17-1805.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10124","key":"434_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30309-x","volume":"391","author":"RJ McManus","year":"2018","unstructured":"McManus RJ, Mant J, Franssen M, et al. Efficacy of self-monitored blood pressure, with or without telemonitoring, for titration of antihypertensive medication (TASMINH4): an unmasked randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391(10124):949\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)30309-x.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"25","key":"434_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.130880","volume":"126","author":"MD Esler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Esler MD, Krum H, Schlaich M, Schmieder RE, B\u00f6hm M, Sobotka PA. Renal sympathetic denervation for treatment of drug-resistant hypertension. Circulation. 2012;126(25):2976\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.112.130880.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109966","volume":"66","author":"SR Winternitz","year":"1980","unstructured":"Winternitz SR, Katholi RE, Oparil S. Role of the renal sympathetic nerves in the development and maintenance of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. J Clin Invest. 1980;66(5):971\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI109966.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"434_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.1.75","volume":"77","author":"GF DiBona","year":"1997","unstructured":"DiBona GF, Kopp UC. Neural control of renal function. Physiol Rev. 1997;77(1):75\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1997.77.1.75.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"434_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00035.2014","volume":"30","author":"TE Lohmeier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lohmeier TE, Iliescu R. The baroreflex as a long-term controller of arterial pressure. Physiology (Bethesda). 2015;30(2):148\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiol.00035.2014.","journal-title":"Physiology (Bethesda)"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306010","volume":"117","author":"L Xiao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xiao L, Kirabo A, Wu J, et al. Renal denervation prevents immune cell activation and renal inflammation in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Circ Res. 2015;117(6):547\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.306010.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"10333","key":"434_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00455-x","volume":"399","author":"F Mahfoud","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Kario K, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2022;399(10333):1401\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(22)00455-x.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"434_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1402670","volume":"370","author":"DL Bhatt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhatt DL, Kandzari DE, O\u2019Neill WW, et al. A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2014;370(15):1393\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1402670.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10108","key":"434_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)32281-x","volume":"390","author":"RR Townsend","year":"2017","unstructured":"Townsend RR, Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, et al. Catheter-based renal denervation in patients with uncontrolled hypertension in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED): a randomised, sham-controlled, proof-of-concept trial. Lancet. 2017;390(10108):2160\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(17)32281-x.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10234","key":"434_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30554-7","volume":"395","author":"M B\u00f6hm","year":"2020","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm M, Kario K, Kandzari DE, et al. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395(10234):1444\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30554-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10293","key":"434_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00788-1","volume":"397","author":"M Azizi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azizi M, Sanghvi K, Saxena M, et al. Ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to a triple medication pill (RADIANCE-HTN TRIO): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10293):2476\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00788-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037654","volume":"139","author":"K Fengler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fengler K, Rommel KP, Blazek S, et al. A three-arm randomized trial of different renal denervation devices and techniques in patients with resistant hypertension (RADIOSOUND-HTN). Circulation. 2019;139(5):590\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037654.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"22","key":"434_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.0713","volume":"329","author":"M Azizi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azizi M, Saxena M, Wang Y, et al. Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension: the RADIANCE II randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2023;329(22):651\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2023.0713.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"22","key":"434_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2542","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040451","volume":"139","author":"M Azizi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, et al. Six-month results of treatment-blinded medication titration for hypertension control after randomization to endovascular ultrasound renal denervation or a sham procedure in the RADIANCE-HTN SOLO trial. Circulation. 2019;139(22):2542\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.040451.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"24","key":"434_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.124.069291","volume":"149","author":"DE Kandzari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kandzari DE, Weber MA, Pathak A, et al. Effect of alcohol-mediated renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive medications: primary results from the TARGET BP I randomized clinical trial. Circulation. 2024;149(24):1875\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.124.069291.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"9671","key":"434_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60566-3","volume":"373","author":"H Krum","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krum H, Schlaich M, Whitbourn R, et al. Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study. Lancet. 2009;373(9671):1275\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(09)60566-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22251","volume":"81","author":"RR Townsend","year":"2024","unstructured":"Townsend RR, Ferdinand KC, Kandzari DE, et al. Impact of antihypertensive medication changes after renal denervation among different patient groups: SPYRAL HTN-ON MED. Hypertension. 2024;81(5):1095\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.22251.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"20","key":"434_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069709","volume":"150","author":"D Vukadinovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vukadinovi\u0107 D, Lauder L, Kandzari DE, et al. Effects of catheter-based renal denervation in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2024;150(20):1599\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.124.069709.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10285","key":"434_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00590-0","volume":"397","author":"K Rahimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rahimi K, Bidel Z, Nazarzadeh M, et al. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021;397(10285):1625\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00590-0.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1421","volume":"2","author":"JD Bundy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bundy JD, Li C, Stuchlik P, et al. Systolic blood pressure reduction and risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(7):775\u2013775. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.1421.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"434_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.006196","volume":"6","author":"K Fengler","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fengler K, Ewen S, H\u00f6llriegel R, et al. Blood pressure response to main renal artery and combined main renal artery plus branch renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6(8):e006196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.117.006196.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1161\/hypertensionaha.120.15745","volume":"76","author":"DE Kandzari","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kandzari DE, Mahfoud F, Bhatt DL, et al. Confounding factors in renal denervation trials. Hypertension. 2020;76(5):1410\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/hypertensionaha.120.15745.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"10","key":"434_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066941","volume":"149","author":"M Azizi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azizi M, Sharp ASP, Fisher NDL, et al. Patient-level pooled analysis of endovascular ultrasound renal denervation or a sham procedure 6 months after medication escalation: the RADIANCE clinical trial program. Circulation. 2024;149(10):747\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.066941.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"434_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480","volume":"41","author":"G Mancia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunstr\u00f6m M, et al. ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA) [published correction appears in J Hypertens. 2024 Jan 1;42(1):194. 10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003621]. J Hypertens. 2023;41(12):1874\u20132071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJH.0000000000003480.","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"issue":"8","key":"434_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66304","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.66304","volume":"16","author":"O Tolu-Akinnawo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tolu-Akinnawo O, Ray DN, Awosanya T, Nzerue C, Okafor H. Hypertension and device-based therapies for resistant hypertension: an up-to-date review. Cureus. 2024;16(8):e66304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.66304.","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"issue":"1","key":"434_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2024.08.062","volume":"31","author":"HM Salah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salah HM, Gupta R, Hicks AJ 3rd, et al. Baroreflex function in cardiovascular disease. J Card Fail. 2025;31(1):117\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cardfail.2024.08.062.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604","volume":"116","author":"G Grassi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Grassi G, Mark A, Esler M. The sympathetic nervous system alterations in human hypertension. Circ Res. 2015;116(6):976\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.303604.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"434_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.119859","volume":"57","author":"TE Lohmeier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lohmeier TE, Iliescu R. Chronic lowering of blood pressure by carotid baroreflex activation: mechanisms and potential for hypertension therapy. Hypertension. 2011;57(5):880\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.119859.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.008","volume":"58","author":"JD Bisognano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bisognano JD, Bakris G, Nadim MK, et al. Baroreflex activation therapy lowers blood pressure in patients with resistant hypertension: results from the double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled Rheos pivotal trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(7):765\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.008.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"434_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00584","volume":"14","author":"MJ Bloch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bloch MJ, Basile JN. The Rheos Pivotol trial evaluating baroreflex activation therapy fails to meet efficacy and safety end points in resistant hypertension: back to the drawing board. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012;14(3):184\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1751-7176.2011.00584.","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)"},{"issue":"3","key":"434_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.12.015","volume":"15","author":"MEAM van Kleef","year":"2022","unstructured":"van Kleef MEAM, Devireddy CM, van der Heyden J, et al. Treatment of resistant hypertension with endovascular baroreflex amplification: 3-year results from the CALM-FIM study. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2022;15(3):321\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcin.2021.12.015.","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"8","key":"434_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.96","volume":"12","author":"RG Victor","year":"2015","unstructured":"Victor RG. Carotid baroreflex activation therapy for resistant hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2015;12(8):451\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.96.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"434_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41440-023-01287-x","volume":"46","author":"MG Kiuchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kiuchi MG, Carnagarin R, Matthews VB, Schlaich MP. Multi-organ denervation: a novel approach to combat cardiometabolic disease. Hypertens Res. 2023;46(7):1747\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41440-023-01287-x.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"key":"434_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.120.020492","author":"Z Kalarus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kalarus Z, Merkely B, Neu\u017eil P, et al. Pacemaker-based cardiac neuromodulation therapy in patients with hypertension: a pilot study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/jaha.120.020492.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10142","volume":"70","author":"MD Lobo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lobo MD, Ott C, Sobotka PA, et al. Central iliac arteriovenous anastomosis for uncontrolled hypertension: one-year results from the ROX CONTROL HTN trial. Hypertension. 2017;70(6):1099\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.10142.","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"434_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii88","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfm021","volume":"22","author":"J Tordoir","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tordoir J, Canaud B, Haage P, et al. EBPG on vascular access. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;22(Suppl 2):ii88\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfm021.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"434_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jscai.2025.103601","volume":"4","author":"RS Taylor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taylor RS, Murphy K, Kirson N, et al. Cost-utility analysis of endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat resistant hypertension in the United States. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2025;4(6):103601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jscai.2025.103601. (2025 Jun 17).","journal-title":"J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv"},{"issue":"4","key":"434_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s41669-025-00574-2","volume":"9","author":"RS Taylor","year":"2025","unstructured":"Taylor RS, Metcalfe K, Cremer A, Brouwers S, Daemen J, Carter S, et al. Cost-effectiveness of ultrasound renal denervation for resistant hypertension in Belgium, France and the Netherlands. Pharmacoecon Open. 2025;9(4):585\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s41669-025-00574-2.","journal-title":"Pharmacoecon Open"}],"container-title":["Cardiology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T16:14:33Z","timestamp":1764951273000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["434"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40119-025-00434-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8261","2193-6544"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8261","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6544","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Vicki Groo, Vanessa Rowe \u2013 Medtronic \u2013 Consulting. Jeffrey\u00a0D. Taylor, Adhir Shroff, Chukwunonyelum Uche, Aleyah Hattab, and Arvind Draffen have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}