{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:35:11Z","timestamp":1792614911689,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neurol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T04:32:25Z","timestamp":1747456345000},"page":"1169-1184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Role of Immune Reconstitution Therapy with Cladribine Tablets in the Management of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis in Older Patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Raed","family":"Alroughani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jihad","family":"Inshasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Al-Asmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Areen T.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Deleu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iman","family":"Al-Lawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miklos","family":"Szolics","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Abouelnaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Thakre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Shakra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pournamy","family":"Sarathchandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Boshra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197212","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1197212","volume":"14","author":"G Macaron","year":"2023","unstructured":"Macaron G, Larochelle C, Arbour N, et al. Impact of aging on treatment considerations for multiple sclerosis patients. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1197212.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-024-00603-y","volume":"13","author":"J de Seze","year":"2024","unstructured":"de Seze J, Dive D, Ayrignac X, et al. Narrative review on the use of cladribine tablets as exit therapy for stable elderly patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Ther. 2024;13:519\u201333.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241272938","volume":"30","author":"EM Coerver","year":"2024","unstructured":"Coerver EM, Ka\u00e7ar S, Ciccarelli O, et al. Aging is associated with reduced inflammatory disease activity independent of disease duration in relapsing multiple sclerosis trial populations. Mult Scler. 2024;30:1296\u2013308.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1334","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000012603","volume":"97","author":"MW Koch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koch MW, Mostert J, Zhang Y, et al. Association of age with contrast-enhancing lesions across the multiple sclerosis disease spectrum. Neurology. 2021;97:e1334\u201342.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s13670-015-0128-7","volume":"4","author":"CS Riley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Riley CS, Vargas W. Multiple sclerosis in the elderly: considerations in the geriatric population for diagnosis and management. Curr Geriatr Rep. 2015;4:131\u201341.","journal-title":"Curr Geriatr Rep"},{"key":"767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-020-01046-2","volume":"20","author":"B Zeydan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zeydan B, Kantarci OH. Impact of age on multiple sclerosis disease activity and progression. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020;20:24.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2008.145805","volume":"79","author":"H Tremlett","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tremlett H, Zhao Y, Joseph J, Devonshire V, UBCMS Clinic Neurologists. Relapses in multiple sclerosis are age- and time-dependent. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79:1368\u201374.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"767_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628641983691","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419836913","volume":"12","author":"PS Sorensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sorensen PS, Sellebjerg F. Pulsed immune reconstitution therapy in multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2019;12:1756286419836913.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.01.038","volume":"29","author":"G Comi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comi G, Cook S, Giovannoni G, et al. Effect of cladribine tablets on lymphocyte reduction and repopulation dynamics in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;29:168\u201374.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0902533","volume":"362","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Comi G, Cook S, et al. A placebo-controlled trial of oral cladribine for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:416\u201326.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517727603","volume":"24","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Soelberg Sorensen P, Cook S, et al. Safety and efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results from the randomized extension trial of the CLARITY study. Mult Scler. 2018;24:1594\u2013604.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104459","volume":"69","author":"C Oreja-Guevara","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oreja-Guevara C, Brownlee W, Celius EG, et al. Expert opinion on the long-term use of cladribine tablets for multiple sclerosis: Systematic literature review of real-world evidence. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;69: 104459.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231161494","volume":"29","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Boyko A, Correale J, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis from the CLARITY\/CLARITY Extension cohort of CLASSIC-MS: an ambispective study. Mult Scler. 2023;29:719\u201330.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105837","volume":"90","author":"T Arun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arun T, Shehu A, Pye E, Smith L, Meehan M. Treatment continuation with cladribine at 5 years after initiation in people with multiple sclerosis: a case series and literature review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;90: 105837.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105704","volume":"88","author":"MC Kowarik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kowarik MC, Ernst M, Woitschach L, et al. Real-world therapy management of patients with multiple sclerosis receiving cladribine tablets beyond year 4\u2014results from a German cladribine cohort. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;88: 105704.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-024-00650-5","volume":"13","author":"B Yamout","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yamout B, Alroughani R, Inshasi J, et al. Practical recommendations from the gulf region on the therapeutic use of cladribine tablets for the management of relapsing multiple sclerosis: impact of the latest real-world evidence on clinical practice. Neurol Ther. 2024;13:1321\u201335.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"767_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13536","volume":"25","author":"X Montalban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Montalban X, Gold R, Thompson AJ, et al. ECTRIMS\/EAN guideline on the pharmacological treatment of people with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25:215\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.1135","volume":"80","author":"M Hittle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hittle M, Culpepper WJ, Langer-Gould A, et al. Population-based estimates for the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in the United States by race, ethnicity, age, sex, and geographic region. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80:693\u2013701.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR19","unstructured":"Public Health England. Research and analysis. Multiple sclerosis: prevalence, incidence and smoking status - data briefing. Published 4 February 2020. Available at https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/multiple-sclerosis-prevalence-incidence-and-smoking-status\/multiple-sclerosis-prevalence-incidence-and-smoking-status-data-briefing. Accessed 12 May 2025."},{"key":"767_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-329049","volume":"93","author":"L Prosperini","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prosperini L, Lucchini M, Ruggieri S, et al. Shift of multiple sclerosis onset towards older age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022;93:1137\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"767_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12047-9","volume":"271","author":"A Habbestad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Habbestad A, Willumsen JS, Aarseth JH, et al. Increasing age of multiple sclerosis onset from 1920 to 2022: a population-based study. J Neurol. 2024;271:1610\u20137.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-020-1629-3","volume":"20","author":"M AlJumah","year":"2020","unstructured":"AlJumah M, Bunyan R, Al Otaibi H, et al. Rising prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia, a descriptive study. BMC Neurol. 2020;20:49.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2019.04.033","volume":"32","author":"R Alroughani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alroughani R, AlHamdan F, Shuaibi S, et al. The prevalence of multiple sclerosis continues to increase in Kuwait. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019;32:74\u20136.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108615","volume":"247","author":"BG Ca\u00f1ibano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ca\u00f1ibano BG, Okar L, Baniamer YZ, Deleu D. Real world experience with cladribine tablets in the management of relapsing multiple sclerosis in Qatar. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2024;247: 108615.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"767_CR25","first-page":"7460213","volume":"2019","author":"M Ahmed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ahmed M, Mir R, Shakra M, Al FS. multiple sclerosis in the emirati population: onset disease characterization by MR imaging. Mult Scler Int. 2019;2019:7460213.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Int"},{"key":"767_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.07.005","volume":"9","author":"N Schiess","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schiess N, Huether K, Fatafta T, et al. How global MS prevalence is changing: a retrospective chart review in the United Arab Emirates. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016;9:73\u20139.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR27","first-page":"4277","volume":"6","author":"AF Almulhim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Almulhim AF, Almulhim CF, Al Haddad SM, Alshehri FA, AlHussain AM. Multiple sclerosis epidemiology in Arabian Gulf Region: a systematic review. Indo American J Phramac Sci. 2019;6:4277\u201383.","journal-title":"Indo American J Phramac Sci"},{"key":"767_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1159\/000431042","volume":"44","author":"P Heydarpour","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heydarpour P, Khoshkish S, Abtahi S, Moradi-Lakeh M, Sahraian MA. Multiple sclerosis epidemiology in Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology. 2015;44:232\u201344.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"767_CR29","first-page":"205521731984188","volume":"6","author":"BI Yamout","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yamout BI, Assaad W, Tamim H, Mrabet S, Goueider R. Epidemiology and phenotypes of multiple sclerosis in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2020;6:2055217319841881.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"767_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01451-2","volume":"8","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liang Q, Ren Y, et al. Immunosenescence: molecular mechanisms and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:200.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"767_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2021.02.006","volume":"147","author":"J Feehan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feehan J, Tripodi N, Apostolopoulos V. The twilight of the immune system: the impact of immunosenescence in aging. Maturitas. 2021;147:7\u201313.","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"767_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234572","DOI":"10.3389\/fragi.2023.1234572","volume":"4","author":"S Thakolwiboon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thakolwiboon S, Mills EA, Yang J, et al. Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis: inflammaging for prognosis and therapeutic consideration. Front Aging. 2023;4:1234572.","journal-title":"Front Aging"},{"key":"767_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2022.0045","volume":"56","author":"M Adamczyk-Sowa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adamczyk-Sowa M, Nowak-Kiczmer M, Jaroszewicz J, Berger T. Immunosenescence and multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2022;56:220\u20137.","journal-title":"Neurol Neurochir Pol"},{"key":"767_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.00564","volume":"8","author":"Z Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Z, Qi G, Miller JS, Zheng SG. CD226: an emerging role in immunologic diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:564.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"767_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001094","volume":"8","author":"M Eschborn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eschborn M, Pawlitzki M, Wirth T, et al. Evaluation of age-dependent immune signatures in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021;8: e1094.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"key":"767_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102893","volume":"20","author":"M Dema","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dema M, Eixarch H, Villar LM, Montalban X, Espejo C. Immunosenescence in multiple sclerosis: the identification of new therapeutic targets. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20: 102893.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"767_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3567","volume":"14","author":"DL Farber","year":"2014","unstructured":"Farber DL, Yudanin NA, Restifo NP. Human memory T cells: generation, compartmentalization and homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:24\u201335.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"767_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/605562","volume":"49","author":"KL Christensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Christensen KL, Holman RC, Steiner CA, Sejvar JJ, Stoll BJ, Schonberger LB. Infectious disease hospitalizations in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1025\u201335.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"767_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-017-0107-2","volume":"15","author":"B Weinberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Weinberger B. Vaccines for the elderly: current use and future challenges. Immun Ageing. 2018;15:3.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"767_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/practneurol-2022-003370","volume":"22","author":"M Cauchi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cauchi M, Willis M, Andrews A, et al. Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection: Association of British Neurologists consensus guideline. Practical Neurol. 2022;22:344\u201357.","journal-title":"Practical Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102420","volume":"45","author":"A Castelo-Branco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Castelo-Branco A, Chiesa F, Conte S, et al. Infections in patients with multiple sclerosis: A national cohort study in Sweden. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;45: 102420.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2022.100470","volume":"22","author":"JS Brand","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brand JS, Smith KA, Piehl F, Olsson T, Montgomery S. Risk of serious infections in multiple sclerosis patients by disease course and disability status: results from a Swedish register-based study. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2022;22: 100470.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun Health"},{"key":"767_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-019-0164-9","volume":"16","author":"SN Crooke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Crooke SN, Ovsyannikova IG, Poland GA, Kennedy RB. Immunosenescence and human vaccine immune responses. Immun Ageing. 2019;16:25.","journal-title":"Immun Ageing"},{"key":"767_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.101967","volume":"40","author":"SA Brod","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brod SA. In MS: Immunosuppression is pass\u00e9. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;40: 101967.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431403","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1431403","volume":"15","author":"BA Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva BA, Miglietta E, Casabona JC, et al. Do immunosuppressive treatments influence immune responses against adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines in patients with multiple sclerosis? An Argentine multicenter study. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1431403.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"767_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045101","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1045101","volume":"13","author":"M Pugliatti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pugliatti M, Hartung HP, Oreja-Guevara C, et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Lessons learnt a year in. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1045101.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"767_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-017-0800-8","volume":"17","author":"E Grebenciucova","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grebenciucova E, Pruitt A. Infections in patients receiving multiple sclerosis disease-modifying therapies. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17:88.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"767_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.3492","volume":"117","author":"J Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li J, Hutton GJ, Varisco TJ, Lin Y, Essien EJ, Aparasu RR. Infection risk associated with high-efficacy disease-modifying agents in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2025;117:561\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"767_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2024.100511","volume":"36","author":"P Sharifi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharifi P, Rezaeimanesh N, Moradi A, Moghadasi AN. Effects of vaccination on COVID-19 infection symptoms in multiple sclerosis patients. eNeurologicalSci. 2024;36:100511.","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci"},{"key":"767_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231168043","volume":"29","author":"S Otero-Romero","year":"2023","unstructured":"Otero-Romero S, Lebrun-Fr\u00e9nay C, Reyes S, et al. ECTRIMS\/EAN consensus on vaccination in people with multiple sclerosis: Improving immunization strategies in the era of highly active immunotherapeutic drugs. Mult Scler. 2023;29:904\u201325.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107829","volume":"366","author":"G Bloomgren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bloomgren G, Richman S, Hotermans C, et al. Risk of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1870\u201380.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0561-9","volume":"23","author":"L Prosperini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Prosperini L, Scarpazza C, Imberti L, Cordioli C, De Rossi N, Capra R. Age as a risk factor for early onset of natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol. 2017;23:742\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"key":"767_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2021.577721","volume":"360","author":"S Sriwastava","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sriwastava S, Kataria S, Srivastava S, et al. Disease-modifying therapies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neuroimmunol. 2021;360: 577721.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"767_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2021.102815","volume":"50","author":"A Ostolaza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ostolaza A, Corroza J, Ayuso T. Multiple sclerosis and aging: comorbidity and treatment challenges. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;50: 102815.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104084","volume":"67","author":"M Staniki\u0107","year":"2022","unstructured":"Staniki\u0107 M, Salmen A, Chan A, et al. Association of age and disease duration with comorbidities and disability: a study of the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Registry. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;67: 104084.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209135","volume":"102","author":"A Salter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salter A, Lancia S, Kowalec K, Fitzgerald KC, Marrie RA. Investigating the prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis clinical trial populations. Neurology. 2024;102: e209135.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"767_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2920","author":"A Salter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salter A, Lancia S, Kowalec K, Fitzgerald KC, Marrie RA. Comorbidity and disease activity in multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.2920.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2011.08.006","volume":"1","author":"K Rammohan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rammohan K, Giovannoni G, Comi G, et al. Cladribine tablets for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Efficacy across patient subgroups from the phase III CLARITY study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2012;1:49\u201354.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR59","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Rammohan KW, Cook SD, et al. An exploratory analysis of the efficacy of cladribine tablets in patients with RMS stratified according to age above and below 45 years in clarity. Mult Scler J 2019;25:45\u201046 (abstract, poster available at https:\/\/learn.ectrims.eu\/ectrims\/2018\/ectrims-2018\/229044\/gavin.giovannoni.an.exploratory.analysis.of.the.efficacy.of.cladribine.tablets.html?, Accessed 12 May 2025."},{"key":"767_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.103490","volume":"58","author":"G Disanto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Disanto G, Moccia M, Sacco R, et al. Monitoring of safety and effectiveness of cladribine in multiple sclerosis patients over 50 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;58: 103490.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578164","volume":"382","author":"I Adamec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adamec I, Brecl Jakob G, Rajda C, et al. Cladribine tablets in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis: a real-world multicentric study from southeast European MS centers. J Neuroimmunol. 2023;382: 578164.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"767_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104491","volume":"70","author":"PS Sorensen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sorensen PS, Pontieri L, Joensen H, et al. Real-world experience of cladribine treatment in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a Danish nationwide study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;70: 104491.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.763433","volume":"12","author":"G Giovannoni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giovannoni G, Coyle PK, Vermersch P, et al. Integrated lymphopenia analysis in younger and older patients with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine tablets. Front Immunol. 2021;12: 763433.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"767_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102717","volume":"49","author":"AD Bass","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bass AD, Arroyo R, Boster AL, et al. Alemtuzumab outcomes by age: post hoc analysis from the randomized CARE-MS studies over 8 years. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;49: 102717.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"767_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175628642311771","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864231177196","volume":"16","author":"M Puthenparampil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Puthenparampil M, Gaggiola M, Miscioscia A, et al. Alemtuzumab following natalizumab is more effective in adult-onset than paediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2023;16:17562864231177196.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"issue":"11","key":"767_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512450354","volume":"18","author":"AE Miller","year":"2012","unstructured":"Miller AE, O\u2019Connor P, Wolinsky JS, et al. Pre-specified subgroup analyses of a placebo-controlled phase III trial (TEMSO) of oral teriflunomide in relapsing multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2012;18(11):1625\u201332.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1206328","volume":"367","author":"RJ Fox","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fox RJ, Miller DH, Phillips JT, et al. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 or glatiramer in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1087\u201397.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1114287","volume":"367","author":"R Gold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gold R, Kappos L, Arnold DL, et al. Placebo-controlled phase 3 study of oral BG-12 for relapsing multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:1098\u2013107.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30239-X","volume":"18","author":"G Comi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comi G, Kappos L, Selmaj KW, et al. Safety and efficacy of ozanimod versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis (SUNBEAM): a multicentre, randomised, minimum 12-month, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:1009\u201320.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30475-6","volume":"391","author":"L Kappos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kappos L, Bar-Or A, Cree BAC, et al. Siponimod versus placebo in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (EXPAND): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3 study. Lancet. 2018;391:1263\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"767_CR71","first-page":"205521731877861","volume":"4","author":"J G\u00e4rtner","year":"2018","unstructured":"G\u00e4rtner J, Chitnis T, Ghezzi A, et al. Relapse rate and MRI activity in young adult patients with multiple sclerosis: a post hoc analysis of phase 3 fingolimod trials. Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2018;4:2055217318778610.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"key":"767_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30238-8","volume":"18","author":"JA Cohen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cohen JA, Comi G, Selmaj KW, et al. Safety and efficacy of ozanimod versus interferon beta-1a in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RADIANCE): a multicentre, randomised, 24-month, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:1021\u201333.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70056-X","volume":"11","author":"V Devonshire","year":"2012","unstructured":"Devonshire V, Havrdova E, Radue EW, et al. Relapse and disability outcomes in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod: subgroup analyses of the double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled FREEDOMS study. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:420\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"767_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0093-1","volume":"256","author":"M Hutchinson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hutchinson M, Kappos L, Calabresi PA, et al. The efficacy of natalizumab in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis: subgroup analyses of AFFIRM and SENTINEL. J Neurol. 2009;256(3):405\u201315.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1606468","volume":"376","author":"X Montalban","year":"2017","unstructured":"Montalban X, Hauser SL, Kappos L, et al. Ocrelizumab versus placebo in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:209\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917246","volume":"383","author":"SL Hauser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hauser SL, Bar-Or A, Cohen JA, et al. Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:546\u201357.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"767_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09248-6","volume":"266","author":"B Turner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Turner B, Cree BAC, Kappos L, et al. Ocrelizumab efficacy in subgroups of patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2019;266:1182\u201393.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12690","volume":"22","author":"A Signori","year":"2015","unstructured":"Signori A, Schiavetti I, Gallo F, Sormani MP. Subgroups of multiple sclerosis patients with larger treatment benefits: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Neurol. 2015;22:960\u20136.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2023.107612","volume":"225","author":"M Salavisa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Salavisa M, Serrazina F, Ladeira AF, Correia AS. Discontinuation of disease-modifying therapy in MS patients over 60 years old and its impact on relapse rate and disease progression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2023;225: 107612.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"767_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120-020-00187-3","volume":"9","author":"IA AlSharoqi","year":"2020","unstructured":"AlSharoqi IA, Aljumah M, Bohlega S, et al. Immune reconstitution therapy or continuous immunosuppression for the management of active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients? A narrative review. Neurol Ther. 2020;9:55\u201366.","journal-title":"Neurol Ther"},{"key":"767_CR81","first-page":"17","volume":"November\/Decemb","author":"R Naismith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naismith R, Corboy J. Discontinuing disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: should you have an exit strategy? Pract Neurol. 2017;November\/December:17\u20138.","journal-title":"Pract Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"767_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16790-3","volume":"12","author":"N Giedraitiene","year":"2022","unstructured":"Giedraitiene N, Taluntiene V, Kaubrys G. Relationship between cognition and treatment adherence to disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: a prospective, cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):12447.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"767_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(23)00154-0","volume":"22","author":"JR Corboy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Corboy JR, Fox RJ, Kister I, et al. Risk of new disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis who continue or discontinue disease-modifying therapies (DISCOMS): a multicentre, randomised, single-blind, phase 4, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Neurol. 2023;22:568\u201377.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"767_CR84","first-page":"76","volume":"29","author":"E Coerver","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coerver E, Fung WH, De Beukelaar J, Bouvy W, Canta L, Gerlach O, et al. Discontinuation of first-line disease-modifying therapy in stable multiple sclerosis (DOT-MS): an early terminated multicenter randomized controlled trial. Mult Scler J. 2023;29:76.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"767_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1926","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000201029","volume":"99","author":"I Roos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roos I, Malpas C, Leray E, et al. Disease reactivation after cessation of disease-modifying therapy in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2022;99:e1926\u201344.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"767_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00965-7","volume":"36","author":"L Freeman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Freeman L, Longbrake EE, Coyle PK, Hendin B, Vollmer T. High-efficacy therapies for treatment-na\u00efve individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. CNS Drugs. 2022;36:1285\u201399.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"767_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108249","volume":"240","author":"R Alroughani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alroughani R, Al-Hashel J, Ahmed SF. Substantial and comparable suppression of disease activity following early initiation of cladribine tablets, ocrelizumab or alemtuzumab as first pharmacologic treatment for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a real world study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2024;240: 108249.","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"767_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104403","volume":"68","author":"L Negrotto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Negrotto L, Iut VC, Etchepare A, D\u2019Eramo M, Grinspan A, Assefi A. High persistence and low adverse events burden in cladribine treated MS patients from Argentina. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;68: 104403.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"15 _supplement","key":"767_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.94.15_supplement.1479","volume":"94","author":"K Morgan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Morgan K, Lott N, Lyons M. Year 1 Performance of Adveva\u00ae, a patient support program (psp) for patients taking Mavenclad\u00ae (cladribine tablets) for highly active relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in United Kingdom (UK). Neurology. 2020;94(15 _supplement):1479 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"767_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585221111677","volume":"29","author":"M Zhong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhong M, van der Walt A, Monif M, et al. Prediction of relapse activity when switching to cladribine for multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2023;29:119\u201329.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"9","key":"767_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585241267211","volume":"30","author":"I Roos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roos I, Sharmin S, Malpas C, et al. Effectiveness of cladribine compared to fingolimod, natalizumab, ocrelizumab and alemtuzumab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2024;30(9):1163\u201375.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"767_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.106145","volume":"92","author":"R Sacco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sacco R, Disanto G, Pravat\u00e0 E, et al. De-escalation from anti-CD20 to cladribine tablets in multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;92: 106145.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"767_CR93","first-page":"205521732513218","volume":"11","author":"J de Seze","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Seze J, Zecca C, Castelnovo G, et al. European experience of cladribine tablets in elderly patients with multiple sclerosis: could it be the last treatment? Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin. 2025;11(1):20552173251321810.","journal-title":"Mult Scler J Exp Transl Clin"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR94","first-page":"368","volume":"30","author":"P Sguigna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sguigna P, Okai A, Kaplan J, et al. Safety and effectiveness of cladribine tablets after treatment with natalizumab (CLADRINA trial) \u2013 2-year results. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):368 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR95","first-page":"381","volume":"30","author":"H Crayton","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crayton H, Valenzuela R, Katz J, et al. Real-world effectiveness and safety of cladribine tablets in patients with relapsing MS after suboptimal response to prior oral or infusion disease-modifying therapy: 12-month interim analysis from the US-based Phase 4 MASTER-2 Study. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):381 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR96","first-page":"385","volume":"30","author":"D Okuda","year":"2024","unstructured":"Okuda D, Livingston T, Moog T, et al. Age-stratified real world outcomes in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis over 50 years of age after switching to cladribine tablets from high efficacy disease modifying therapies. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):385 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR97","first-page":"658","volume":"30","author":"V Larsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larsson V, Forsberg L, Hillert J, et al. Clinical effectiveness of cladribine tablets for patients below or above 45 years of age at treatment start in the Swedish post-market surveillance study \u201cImmunomodulation and Multiple Sclerosis Epidemiology 10\u201d (IMSE 10). Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):658 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR98","first-page":"662","volume":"30","author":"SE Madue\u00f1o","year":"2024","unstructured":"Madue\u00f1o SE, Bocero A, Dotor J, et al. Patients over 50: a comparative analysis of cladribine treatment in multiple sclerosis - exploring age-related demographics and efficacy outcomes. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):662 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR99","first-page":"1048","volume":"30","author":"B Mohamed","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohamed B, Meryndia A, Sayali T, et al. Maintaining efficacy, reinstating anti-JCV immunity in people with MS: the natalizumab to cladribine Barts MS experience. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):1048 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR100","first-page":"1064","volume":"30","author":"B Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva B, Heriz A, Ayerbe J, et al. First Latin American study on safety and effectiveness of cladribine in multiple sclerosis patients over 50 years old. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):1064 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"767_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105830","volume":"90","author":"B Silva","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silva B, Casales F, Donoso CB, et al. Safety of high efficacy therapies in older people with Multiple Sclerosis: A real-world evidence study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2024;90: 105830.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR102","first-page":"1096","volume":"30","author":"D Negroski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Negroski D. Durable efficacy of cladribine tablets in an aging (>50 years of age) MS patient population-real-world experience. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):1096 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"issue":"3S","key":"767_CR103","first-page":"1091","volume":"30","author":"C Kutz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kutz C, Aldridge J, Evans E, et al. Switching patients with multiple sclerosis from antiCD20 or S1P receptor modulators to cladribine tablets in the United States: A real-world age-based analysis. Mult Scler J. 2024;30(3S):1091 (Abstract).","journal-title":"Mult Scler J"},{"key":"767_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16250","volume":"31","author":"I Schiavetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schiavetti I, Signori A, Albanese A, et al. Therapeutic choices and disease activity after 2 years of treatment with cladribine: An Italian multicenter study (CladStop). Eur J Neurol. 2024;31: e16250.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"}],"container-title":["Neurology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T14:51:02Z","timestamp":1757170262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40120-025-00767-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8253","2193-6536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8253","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Raed Alroughani received honoraria as a speaker and for serving on scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. Samar Farouk received honoraria as a speaker and for serving in scientific advisory boards from Bayer, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi. Abdullah Al-Asmi received honoraria for serving on scientific advisory boards from Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi and travel reimbursement from, Biologix, Sanofi, Merck, Roche, Bayer, and Novartis. Areen Said received honoraria as a speaker and\/or for serving in scientific advisory boards and\/or consultant honoraria from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and\/or Julphar and received educational conference travel, registration, and\/or hotel accommodations, sponsored by Merck, Novartis, and\/or Roche. Dirk Deleu has served on Advisory Boards of Merck, Novartis, Biologix, Roche, and Sanofi and is a member of MENACTRIMS. Pournamy Sarathchandran received speaker honoraria from Merck, Novartis, and Roche. Amir Boshra is a full-time employee of Merck Serono Middle East FZ Ltd., an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. Jihad S Inshasi, Ali Hassan, Miklos Szolics, Beatrice Benedetti, Mohammad Abouelnaga, Anu Jacob, Iman Al-Lawati, Mustafa Shakra, and Mona Thakre reported no other dualities of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This review article is based on previously conducted studies and the clinical expertise of the authors in treating patients with RMS. No new clinical studies were performed by the authors. No patient-specific efficacy or safety data were reported; therefore, institutional review board (IRB)\/ethics approval was not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"No AI-related technologies were used in the development of this article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Artificial Intelligence (AI)"}}]}}