{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T03:29:06Z","timestamp":1777519746372,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T18:32:43Z","timestamp":1550601163000},"page":"229-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Diagnostic Stewardship: A Clinical Decision Rule for Blood Cultures in Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Skin and Soft Tissue Infections"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Sarah C. J.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdalhamid M.","family":"Lagnf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sahil","family":"Bhatia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nivedita B.","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laila K.","family":"Shammout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Rybak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"238_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2014.12.001","volume":"48","author":"CV Pollack Jr","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pollack CV Jr, Amin A, Ford WT Jr, et al. Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI): practice guidelines for management and care transitions in the emergency department and hospital. J Emerg Med. 2015;48:508\u201319.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"238_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu296","volume":"59","author":"DL Stevens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59:e10\u201352.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.14.1585","volume":"168","author":"AL Hersh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hersh AL, Chambers HF, Maselli JH, et al. National trends in ambulatory visits and antibiotic prescribing for skin and soft-tissue infections. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:1585\u201391.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"238_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1086\/656431","volume":"51","author":"TC Jenkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jenkins TC, Sabel AL, Sarcone EE, et al. Skin and soft-tissue infections requiring hospitalization at an academic medical center: opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51:895\u2013903.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1312.070629","volume":"13","author":"E Klein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klein E, Smith DL, Laxminarayan R. Hospitalizations and deaths caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, United States, 1999\u20132005. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:1840\u20136.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e60057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060057","volume":"8","author":"JA Suaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suaya JA, Eisenberg DF, Fang C et al. Skin and soft tissue infections and associated complications among commercially insured patients aged 0\u201364 years with and without diabetes in the US. PLoS One. 2013;8:e60057.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"238_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-017-3001-0","volume":"36","author":"FV van Daalen","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Daalen FV, Kallen MC, van den Bosch CMA, et al. Clinical condition and comorbidity as determinants for blood culture positivity in patients with skin and soft-tissue infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;36:1853\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy381","volume":"67","author":"JM Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller JM, Binnicker MJ, Campbell S et al. A guide to utilization of the microbiology laboratory for diagnosis of infectious diseases: 2018 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Society for Microbiology. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67:e1\u221294.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460030071031","volume":"265","author":"DW Bates","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bates DW, Goldman L, Lee TH. Contaminant blood cultures and resource utilization. The true consequences of false-positive results. JAMA. 1991;265:365\u22129.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"238_CR10","first-page":"60","volume":"6","author":"S Surdulescu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Surdulescu S, Utamsingh D, Shekar R. Phlebotomy teams reduce blood-culture contamination rate and save money. Clin Perform Qual Health Care. 1998;6:60\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Perform Qual Health Care"},{"key":"238_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2014.04.010","volume":"32","author":"J Lee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lee J, Hwang SS, Kim K, et al. Bacteremia prediction model using a common clinical test in patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Emerg Med. 2014;32:700\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"238_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1086\/654007","volume":"31","author":"BA Lipsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lipsky BA, Kollef MH, Miller LG, et al. Predicting bacteremia among patients hospitalized for skin and skin-structure infections: derivation and validation of a risk score. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31:828\u201337.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"238_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2009.007","volume":"11","author":"ST Micek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Micek ST, Hoban AP, Pham V, et al. Bacteremia increases the risk of death among patients with soft-tissue infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2010;11:169\u201376.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"238_CR14","first-page":"143","volume":"4","author":"A Pulido-Cejudo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pulido-Cejudo A, Guzman-Gutierrez M, Jalife-Montano A, et al. Management of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections with a focus on patients at high risk of treatment failure. Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2017;4:143\u201361.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1907-2","volume":"16","author":"CY Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee CY, Kunin CM, Chang C, et al. Development of a prediction model for bacteremia in hospitalized adults with cellulitis to aid in the efficient use of blood cultures: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2016;16:581.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009;42:377\u201381.","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"key":"238_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, et al. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40:373\u201383.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"238_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R31","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5713","volume":"11","author":"RL Mehta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mehta RL, Kellum JA, Shah SV, et al. Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury. Crit Care. 2007;11:R31.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"238_CR19","unstructured":"United States Census Bureau. 2012\u20132016 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. https:\/\/factfinder.census.gov. Last accessed 12\/2\/2017."},{"key":"238_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(02)00453-5","volume":"55","author":"KG Moons","year":"2002","unstructured":"Moons KG, Harrell FE, Steyerberg EW. Should scoring rules be based on odds ratios or regression coefficients? J Clin Epidemiol. 2002;55:1054\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"238_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1742","volume":"23","author":"LM Sullivan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sullivan LM, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB Sr. Presentation of multivariate data for clinical use: the Framingham Study risk score functions. Stat Med. 2004;23:1631\u201360.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"238_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780091109","volume":"9","author":"JC Van Houwelingen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Van Houwelingen JC, Le Cessie S. Predictive value of statistical models. Stat Med. 1990;9:1303\u201325.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"238_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.01.020","volume":"57","author":"KG Moons","year":"2004","unstructured":"Moons KG, Donders AR, Steyerberg EW, et al. Penalized maximum likelihood estimation to directly adjust diagnostic and prognostic prediction models for overoptimism: a clinical example. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57:1262\u201370.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"238_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3027-2","volume-title":"Recursive partitioning in the health sciences","author":"H Zhang","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zhang H, Burthon S. Recursive partitioning in the health sciences. New York: Springer; 1999."},{"key":"238_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1086\/375057","volume":"36","author":"TP Lodise","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lodise TP, McKinnon PS, Swiderski L, et al. Outcomes analysis of delayed antibiotic treatment for hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;36:1418\u201323.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000227655.41566.3E","volume":"34","author":"GE Schramm","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schramm GE, Johnson JA, Doherty JA, et al. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sterile-site infection: the importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:2069\u201374.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"238_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp060637","volume":"65","author":"RA Herman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Herman RA, Kee VR, Moores KG, et al. Etiology and treatment of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65:219\u201325.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"key":"238_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw808","volume":"64","author":"I See","year":"2017","unstructured":"See I, Wesson P, Gualandi N, et al. Socioeconomic factors explain racial disparities in invasive community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease rates. Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64:597\u2013604.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-249","volume":"12","author":"SY Tong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tong SY, van Hal SJ, Einsiedel L, et al. Impact of ethnicity and socio-economic status on Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia incidence and mortality: a heavy burden in indigenous Australians. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:249.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70523-0","volume":"6","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Kompoti M. Obesity and infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6:438\u201346.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.62","volume":"37","author":"R Huttunen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huttunen R, Syrjanen J. Obesity and the risk and outcome of infection. Int J Obes (Lond). 2013;37:333\u201340.","journal-title":"Int J Obes (Lond)"},{"key":"238_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2008.00546.x","volume":"10","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Athanasoulia AP, Peppas G, et al. Effect of body mass index on the outcome of infections: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2009;10:280\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"238_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-13","volume":"7","author":"R Huttunen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huttunen R, Laine J, Lumio J, et al. Obesity and smoking are factors associated with poor prognosis in patients with bacteraemia. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:13.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3461","volume":"22","author":"C Longo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Longo C, Bartlett G, Macgibbon B, et al. The effect of obesity on antibiotic treatment failure: a historical cohort study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013;22:970\u20136.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"238_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00115312","volume":"42","author":"A Singanayagam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singanayagam A, Singanayagam A, Chalmers JD. Obesity is associated with improved survival in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur Respir J. 2013;42:180\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"238_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R122","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12794","volume":"17","author":"P Wacharasint","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wacharasint P, Boyd JH, Russell JA, et al. One size does not fit all in severe infection: obesity alters outcome, susceptibility, treatment, and inflammatory response. Crit Care. 2013;17:R122.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"238_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00211","volume":"22","author":"J Roth","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roth J, Sahota N, Patel P et al. Obesity paradox, obesity orthodox, and the metabolic syndrome: an approach to unity. Mol Med. 2016;22:873\u2013885.","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"238_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03491.x","volume":"150","author":"A Hsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu A, Aronoff DM, Phipps J, et al. Leptin improves pulmonary bacterial clearance and survival in ob\/ob mice during pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;150:332\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"238_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001465","volume":"44","author":"E Minejima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Minejima E, Bensman J, She RC, et al. A dysregulated balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory host cytokine response early during therapy predicts persistence and mortality in Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Crit Care Med. 2016;44:671\u20139.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"238_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis552","volume":"206","author":"WE Rose","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rose WE, Eickhoff JC, Shukla SK, et al. Elevated serum interleukin-10 at time of hospital admission is predictive of mortality in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J Infect Dis. 2012;206:1604\u201311.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"238_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2008.04.001","volume":"35","author":"NI Shapiro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shapiro NI, Wolfe RE, Wright SB, et al. Who needs a blood culture? A prospectively derived and validated prediction rule. J Emerg Med. 2008;35:255\u201364.","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T16:12:43Z","timestamp":1728922363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["238"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-019-0238-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}