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Matthew Sims reported serving as an advisory board member for Prenosis, consultant for Applied BioCode, CorMedix, and Venatorx, and also reported serving as a principal investigator or co-investigator for the following companies: AstraZeneca, ContraFect, Crestone, Curetis GmBH, Pfizer, DiaSorin Molecular LLC, Epigenomics Inc, EUROIMMUN US, Finch Therapeutics, Adaptive Phage Genetics Biotest AG\u2014PI, Dompe, Pfizer,\u00a0Genentech USA Inc, Janssen Research and Development, LLC, Kinevant Sciences GmBH, Leonard-Meron Biosciences, Merck, Prenosis, QIAGEN Sciences LC, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Roche, Seres Therapeutics, Shire, and Summit Therapeutics. Christine Lee reported receiving grants from Rebiotix\/Ferring, Seres, Merck and Summit Therapeutics to conduct clinical trials. Paul Feuerstadt reported serving as a consultant for Merck and Co. and also reported serving on the speakers bureau and on consulting\/advisory boards for the following companies: Seres Therapeutics, Ferring\/Rebiotix, and Takeda Pharmaceuticals. Sahil Khanna receives research support from Rebioitx\/Ferring, Vedanta, Finch, Seres and Pfizer and serves as a consultant for ProbioTech, Takeda, Niche and Immuron. Colleen Kelly reported serving as a site investigator for Seres Therapeutics and Finch Therapeutics; serving as a clinical advisory board member (unpaid) for Openbiome; as well as serving as a consultant for Sebela Pharmaceuticals. Princy Kumar reported serving as an investigator\/receiving research funds from ViiV, Gilead, Merck, and Theratechnologies; serving as a consultant for Viiv, Gilead, and Merck; serving on the Advisory Committee\/Board for GSK, Gilead, and Merck; and is a shareholder of Pfizer, GSK, Gilead, and Merck. Brooke Hasson and Lisa von Moltke are employees and shareholders of Seres Therapeutics. Lisa von Moltke is an employee and shareholder of Seres Therapeutics and is also a shareholder and serves on the Board of Directors for Cara Therapeutics. Barbara McGovern, Ananya De, Elaine Wang, Asli Memisoglu, and David Lombardi are all former employees of Seres Therapeutics. Darrell Pardi reported receiving research grants from the following companies: Seres Therapeutics, Vedanta, Finch, Takeda, Applied Molecular Transport and also reported serving as a consultant for: Seres Therapeutics, Vedanta, Immunic Therapeutics, Abbvie, Otsuka, Ferring, Rise Therapeutics, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Summit. Paul Cook is a principal investigator for Gilead, Pfizer, Abbvie and the National Institutes of Health. Louis Korman, Charles Berenson, Mayur Ramesh, Bret Lashner, Alberto Odio, Edward Huang, and Stuart Cohen were study investigators. No other disclosures were reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Both trials were performed in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. The protocols and amendments were reviewed and approved by local or central investigational review boards. There was no main center for either study, but the central investigational review board was WIRB Copernicus. A table of all investigational review boards is provided in the Supplementary Material. Written informed consent was obtained at screening. All patients were informed that by signing the informed consent document that they agreed to take part in the study and that they read and understood the information presented within, including that the results of the study may be shared with regulatory agencies, at scientific conferences, or through publications.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}