{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T21:14:23Z","timestamp":1790284463803,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]],"date-time":"2025-07-27T03:51:40Z","timestamp":1753588300000},"page":"2007-2028","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["JC Polyomavirus Infection: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6561-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meital","family":"Elbaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dafna","family":"Yahav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yair","family":"Mina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alaa","family":"Atamna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-003-0214-6","volume":"149","author":"HY Zheng","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zheng HY, Kitamura T, Takasaka T, Chen Q, Yogo Y. Unambiguous identification of JC polyomavirus strains transmitted from parents to children. Arch Virol. 2004;149(2):261\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-003-0214-6.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-023-01164-w","volume":"29","author":"A Rocchi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rocchi A, Sariyer IK, Berger JR. Revisiting JC virus and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol. 2023;29(5):524\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-023-01164-w.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10450","volume":"71","author":"WA Knowles","year":"2003","unstructured":"Knowles WA, Pipkin P, Andrews N, et al. Population-based study of antibody to the human polyomaviruses BKV and JCV and the simian polyomavirus SV40. J Med Virol. 2003;71(1):115\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.10450.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363","volume":"5","author":"JM Kean","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kean JM, Rao S, Wang M, Garcea RL. Seroepidemiology of human polyomaviruses. PLoS Pathog. 2009;5(3): e1000363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000363.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1086\/597126","volume":"199","author":"A Egli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Egli A, Infanti L, Dumoulin A, et al. Prevalence of polyomavirus BK and JC infection and replication in 400 healthy blood donors. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(6):837\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/597126.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1565272","volume":"47","author":"EM Hennes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hennes EM, Kornek B, Huppke P, Reindl M, Rostasy K, Berger T. Age-dependent seroprevalence of JCV antibody in children. Neuropediatrics. 2016;47(2):112\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1565272.","journal-title":"Neuropediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y","volume":"17","author":"I Cortese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortese I, Reich DS, Nath A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and the spectrum of JC virus-related disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2021;17(1):37\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41582-020-00427-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5","volume":"9","author":"CS Tan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tan CS, Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and other disorders caused by JC virus: clinical features and pathogenesis. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):425\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70040-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194227.16696.11","volume":"66","author":"MA Lima","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lima MA, Drislane FW, Koralnik IJ. Seizures and their outcome in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2006;66(2):262\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000194227.16696.11.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"17","key":"1199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1458","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343510.08643.74","volume":"72","author":"K Tan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tan K, Roda R, Ostrow L, McArthur J, Nath A. PML-IRIS in patients with HIV infection: clinical manifestations and treatment with steroids. Neurology. 2009;72(17):1458\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.wnl.0000343510.08643.74.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1159\/000521944","volume":"14","author":"R Pi\u00f1ar Morales","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pi\u00f1ar Morales R, Carrasco Garcia M, Gutierrez-Rojas L, Barrero Hern\u00e1ndez FJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome after discontinuation of fingolimod. Case Rep Neurol. 2022;14(1):38\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000521944.","journal-title":"Case Rep Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/S12883-019-1493-1\/TABLES\/1","volume":"19","author":"K Ishii","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ishii K, Yamamoto F, Homma S, et al. Probable progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with immunosuppressant dose reduction following lung transplantation: A case report and literature review. BMC Neurol. 2019;19(1):1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12883-019-1493-1\/TABLES\/1.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31825caf2c","volume":"71","author":"BK Kleinschmidt-DeMasters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Miravalle A, Schowinsky J, Corboy J, Vollmer T. Update on PML and PML-IRIS occurring in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 2012;71(7):604\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NEN.0b013e31825caf2c.","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70028-4","volume":"9","author":"DB Clifford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clifford DB, De Luca A, Simpson DM, Arendt G, Giovannoni G, Nath A. Natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis: lessons from 28 cases. Lancet Neurol. 2010;9(4):438\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70028-4.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2017.07.018","volume":"17","author":"J Avsenik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Avsenik J, Horvat Ledinek A, \u0160urlan PK. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy\u2014immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in liver transplant recipient. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;17:135\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.msard.2017.07.018.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70226-9","volume":"9","author":"P Cinque","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cinque P, Koralnik IJ, Gerevini S, Miro JM, Price RW. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-1 infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(10):625\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70226-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1199_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00577","volume":"8","author":"A Fournier","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fournier A, Martin-Blondel G, Lechapt-Zalcman E, et al. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome unmasking or worsening AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a literature review. Front Immunol. 2017;8:577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00577.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1002\/ANA.20431","volume":"57","author":"IJ Koralnik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Koralnik IJ, W\u00fcthrich C, Dang X, et al. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a novel clinical syndrome distinct from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2005;57(4):576\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ANA.20431.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081306.86961.33","volume":"61","author":"RA Du Pasquier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Du Pasquier RA, Corey S, Margolin DH, et al. Productive infection of cerebellar granule cell neurons by JC virus in an HIV+ individual. Neurology. 2003;61(6):775\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000081306.86961.33.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/S00415-014-7530-5","volume":"262","author":"MT Wijburg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wijburg MT, Van Oosten BW, Murk JL, Karimi O, Killestein J, Wattjes MP. Heterogeneous imaging characteristics of JC virus granule cell neuronopathy (GCN): a case series and review of the literature. J Neurol. 2015;262(1):65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00415-014-7530-5.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.05.003","volume":"354","author":"C Henry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henry C, Jouan F, De Broucker T. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy: a cause of infectious cerebellar degeneration. J Neurol Sci. 2015;354(1\u20132):86\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2015.05.003.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1177\/106689690501300409","volume":"13","author":"CN Otis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Otis CN, Moral LA. Images in pathology: granule cell loss in AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Int J Surg Pathol. 2005;13(4):360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/106689690501300409.","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.10.007","volume":"36","author":"JH Hecht","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hecht JH, Glenn OA, Wara DW, Wu YW. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy in a child with CD40 ligand deficiency. Pediatr Neurol. 2007;36(3):186\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2006.10.007.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s40673-017-0066-6","volume":"4","author":"KB Holroyd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Holroyd KB, Sotirchos ES, DeBoer SR, Mills KA, Newsome SD. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy onset two months after chemotherapy for low-grade lymphoma. Cerebellum Ataxias. 2017;4:8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40673-017-0066-6.","journal-title":"Cerebellum Ataxias"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.07.091","volume":"16","author":"R Granot","year":"2009","unstructured":"Granot R, Lawrence R, Barnett M, et al. What lies beneath the tent? JC-virus cerebellar granule cell neuronopathy complicating sarcoidosis. J Clin Neurosci. 2009;16(8):1091\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2008.07.091.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-015-8001-3","volume":"263","author":"MT Wijburg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wijburg MT, Siepman D, van Eijk JJJ, Killestein J, Wattjes MP. Concomitant granule cell neuronopathy in patients with natalizumab-associated PML. J Neurol. 2016;263(4):649\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-015-8001-3.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ensci.2020.100269","volume":"21","author":"K Nakayama","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakayama K, Nakamura M, Konishi A, et al. JC virus granule cell neuronopathy associated with ruxolitinib: a case report and review of the literature. eNeurologicalSci. 2020;21:100269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ensci.2020.100269.","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci."},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000284601.54436.e4","volume":"70","author":"NM Moll","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moll NM, Rietsch AM, Ransohoff AJ, et al. Cortical demyelination in PML and MS: similarities and differences. Neurology. 2008;70(5):336\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.WNL.0000284601.54436.e4.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21619","volume":"65","author":"C W\u00fcthrich","year":"2009","unstructured":"W\u00fcthrich C, Dang X, Westmoreland S, et al. Fulminant JC virus encephalopathy with productive infection of cortical pyramidal neurons. Ann Neurol. 2009;65(6):742\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.21619.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.94","volume":"66","author":"EC Tallantyre","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tallantyre EC, Paine SML, Sharp CP, Lowe JS, Gran B. Atypical progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with an unusual JC polyomavirus mutation. Arch Neurol. 2009;66(8):1021\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archneurol.2009.94.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25608","volume":"86","author":"LB Reoma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reoma LB, Trindade CJ, Monaco MC, et al. Fatal encephalopathy with wild-type JC virus and ruxolitinib therapy. Ann Neurol. 2019;86(6):878\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.25608.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203305lu2229cr","volume":"14","author":"JF Viallard","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viallard JF, Ellie E, Lazaro E, Lafon ME, Pellegrin JL. JC virus meningitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus. 2005;14(12):964\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/0961203305lu2229cr.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-017-0558-4","volume":"23","author":"B Ballesta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballesta B, Gonz\u00e1lez H, Mart\u00edn V, Ballesta JJ. Fatal ruxolitinib-related JC virus meningitis. J Neurovirol. 2017;23(5):783\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-017-0558-4.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.20492","volume":"80","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Su\u00e1rez J, de Miguel D, Krsnik I, Ba\u00f1as H, Arribas I, Burgaleta C. Changes in the natural history of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-negative lymphoproliferative disorders: impact of novel therapies. Am J Hematol. 2005;80(4):271\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.20492.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.009","volume":"10","author":"A D\u2019Souza","year":"2010","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza A, Wilson J, Mukherjee S, Jaiyesimi I. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report of three cases and review of the literature. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2010;10(1):E1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3816\/CLML.2010.n.009.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1177\/10781552221074281","volume":"28","author":"T \u00c7etintepe","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00c7etintepe T, Gediz F, Akyar I, \u00c7etintepe L, Ko\u00e7 AM. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy among ibrutinib treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2022;28(5):1249\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/10781552221074281.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"key":"1199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098930","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1098930","volume":"14","author":"E Jonasson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jonasson E, Antulov R, Tr\u00f8llund Pedersen P, Sejb\u00e6k T. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma: a case report and analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system. Front Neurol. 2023;14:1098930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1098930.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac237","volume":"146","author":"M Joly","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joly M, Conte C, Cazanave C, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: epidemiology and spectrum of predisposing conditions. Brain. 2023;146(1):349\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awac237.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20933","volume":"60","author":"IJ Koralnik","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koralnik IJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy revisited: has the disease outgrown its name? Ann Neurol. 2006;60(2):162\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20933.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR40","first-page":"13","volume":"138","author":"V Falc\u00f3","year":"2013","unstructured":"Falc\u00f3 V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, a rare but devastating disease in AIDS patients. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138(1):13\u20135.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000631","volume":"9","author":"JZ Ding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding JZ, Gotfrit R, Torres C. HIV-associated PML may appear inflammatory because of higher CD4 count. Neurol Clin Pract. 2019;9(6):465\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000631.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e498","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004926","volume":"90","author":"E Iacobaeus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iacobaeus E, Burkill S, Bahmanyar S, et al. The national incidence of PML in Sweden, 1988\u20132013. Neurology. 2018;90(6):e498\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004926.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3761","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24966","volume":"60","author":"ES Molloy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Molloy ES, Calabrese LH. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a national estimate of frequency in systemic lupus erythematosus and other rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2009;60(12):3761\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.24966.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.18502\/cjn.v22i2.13341","volume":"22","author":"B Ghaderi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ghaderi B, Vaghefifar A, Darabi F, Sikaroodi H. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, not receiving any immunosuppressant medication. Curr J Neurol. 2023;22(2):137\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18502\/cjn.v22i2.13341.","journal-title":"Curr J Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578201","volume":"383","author":"S Joy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Joy S, Agarwal A, Garg D, et al. Sarcoidosis presenting as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an apparently immunocompetent adult. J Neuroimmunol. 2023;383: 578201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578201.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0841","volume":"80","author":"CRS McEntire","year":"2023","unstructured":"McEntire CRS, Fletcher A, Toledano M, et al. Characteristics of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with sarcoidosis without therapeutic immune suppression. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(6):624\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0841.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22408","volume":"70","author":"FJ Mateen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mateen FJ, Muralidharan R, Carone M, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in transplant recipients. Ann Neurol. 2011;70(2):305\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.22408.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"1199_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1382","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207533","volume":"101","author":"T Born","year":"2023","unstructured":"Born T, Vassallo P, Golshayan D, et al. Bridging the gap: immunotherapy in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a new hope? Neurology. 2023;101(13):e1382\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207533.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2022.04.001","volume":"41","author":"M Peghin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Peghin M, Castaldo N, Tascini C, et al. Successful JC virus-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2022;41(7):991\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healun.2022.04.001.","journal-title":"J Heart Lung Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tid.13293","volume":"22","author":"T Crowhurst","year":"2020","unstructured":"Crowhurst T, Koszyca B, Holmes M, Holmes-Liew CL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a lung transplant recipient presenting with memory impairment: case report and literature review. Transpl Infect Dis. 2020;22(3): e13293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tid.13293.","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1159\/000526132","volume":"145","author":"T Edahiro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Edahiro T, Fukushima N, Otani T, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in relapsed Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia after cord blood transplantation and blinatumomab treatment: a case report and literature review. Acta Haematol. 2022;145(6):655\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000526132.","journal-title":"Acta Haematol"},{"key":"1199_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578248","volume":"385","author":"K Varmpompiti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varmpompiti K, Westwood AJ, Ben-Joseph A, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia treated with pembrolizumab. J Neuroimmunol. 2023;385: 578248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2023.578248.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-018-0578-8","volume":"39","author":"J Hadjadj","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hadjadj J, Guffroy A, Delavaud C, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in primary immunodeficiencies. J Clin Immunol. 2019;39(1):55\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10875-018-0578-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1199_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S114636","volume":"13","author":"R Brandstadter","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brandstadter R, Katz SI. The use of natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017;13:1691\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S114636.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311100","volume":"87","author":"C McGuigan","year":"2016","unstructured":"McGuigan C, Craner M, Guadagno J, et al. Stratification and monitoring of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy risk: recommendations from an expert group. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87(2):117\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2015-311100.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"25","key":"1199_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2622","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMct071462","volume":"356","author":"RM Ransohoff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ransohoff RM. Natalizumab for multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(25):2622\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMct071462.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.46668","volume":"15","author":"M Ngo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ngo M, Tang N, Le Q. Presumptive progressive multifocal encephalopathy in an immunocompetent patient: a rare case report. Cureus. 2023;15(10): e46668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.46668.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-12163-6","volume":"271","author":"L Jeantin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jeantin L, Shor N, Coustans M, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease successfully treated with pembrolizumab. J Neurol. 2024;271(4):2119\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-12163-6.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07182-0","volume":"45","author":"J Meylor","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meylor J, Artunduaga DC, Mendoza M, Hooshmand SI, Obeidat AZ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with chronic kidney disease. Neurol Sci. 2024;45(4):1619\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-07182-0.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"15","key":"1199_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1","volume":"80","author":"JR Berger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Berger JR, Aksamit AJ, Clifford DB, et al. PML diagnostic criteria: consensus statement from the AAN Neuroinfectious Disease Section. Neurology. 2013;80(15):1430\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31828c2fa1.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/81.1.93","volume":"81","author":"KE Astrom","year":"1958","unstructured":"Astrom KE, Mancall EL, Richardson EPJ. Progressive multifocal leuko-encephalopathy; a hitherto unrecognized complication of chronic lymphatic leukaemia and Hodgkin\u2019s disease. Brain. 1958;81(1):93\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/81.1.93.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1520\/JFS14278J","volume":"42","author":"BH Amaker","year":"1997","unstructured":"Amaker BH, Chandler FWJ, Huey LO, Colwell RM. Molecular detection of JC virus in embalmed, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue. J Forensic Sci. 1997;42(6):1157\u20139.","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410290414","volume":"29","author":"M Mori","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mori M, Kurata H, Tajima M, Shimada H. JC virus detection by in situ hybridization in brain tissue from elderly patients. Ann Neurol. 1991;29(4):428\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.410290414.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00307690","volume":"80","author":"M Schmidbauer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmidbauer M, Budka H, Shah KV. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS and in the pre-AIDS era. A neuropathological comparison using immunocytochemistry and in situ DNA hybridization for virus detection. Acta Neuropathol. 1990;80(4):375\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00307690.","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3109\/13550280009006383","volume":"6","author":"IW Samorei","year":"2000","unstructured":"Samorei IW, Schmid M, Pawlita M, et al. High sensitivity detection of JC-virus DNA in postmortem brain tissue by in situ PCR. J Neurovirol. 2000;6(1):61\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13550280009006383.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.5414\/NP300911","volume":"35","author":"M Zivanovic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zivanovic M, Sav\u0161ek L, Poljak M, Popovic M. Possible pitfalls in the diagnostic of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Neuropathol. 2016;35(2):66\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/NP300911.","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451420","volume":"187","author":"ML Whiteman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Whiteman ML, Post MJ, Berger JR, Tate LG, Bell MD, Limonte LP. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1993;187(1):233\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiology.187.1.8451420.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-007-0845-1","volume":"18","author":"M Cosottini","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cosottini M, Tavarelli C, Del Bono L, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Eur Radiol. 2008;18(5):1024\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-007-0845-1.","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1468-1331.2011.03597.X","volume":"19","author":"MA Sahraian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sahraian MA, Radue EW, Eshaghi A, Besliu S, Minagar A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a review of the neuroimaging features and differential diagnosis. Eur J Neurol. 2012;19(8):1060\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1468-1331.2011.03597.X.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1148\/RADIOLOGY.187.1.8451420","volume":"187","author":"ML Hansman Whiteman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hansman Whiteman ML, Donovan Post MJ, Berger JR, Tate LG, Bell MD, Limonte LP. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in 47 HIV-seropositive patients: neuroimaging with clinical and pathologic correlation. Radiology. 1993;187(1):233\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/RADIOLOGY.187.1.8451420.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/S00234-003-1115-9\/FIGURES\/3","volume":"46","author":"M Bergui","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bergui M, Bradac GB, Oguz KK, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: diffusion-weighted imaging and pathological correlations. Neuroradiology. 2004;46(1):22\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00234-003-1115-9\/FIGURES\/3.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.3174\/AJNR.A6072","volume":"40","author":"MM Thurnher","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thurnher MM, Boban J, Rieger A, Gelpi E. Susceptibility-weighted MR imaging hypointense rim in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: the end point of neuroinflammation and a potential outcome predictor. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2019;40(6):994\u20131000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/AJNR.A6072.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A7145","volume":"42","author":"N Adra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Adra N, Goodheart AE, Rapalino O, et al. MRI shrimp sign in cerebellar progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: description and validation of a novel observation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021;42(6):1073\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3174\/ajnr.A7145.","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-023-07133-9","volume":"45","author":"AT Cimmino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cimmino AT, Carlomagno V, Sciarrone MA, Di Lazzaro G, Silvestri G. Isolated pontocerebellar leukoencephalopathy in HIV-related PML: focus on the \u201cshrimp sign.\u201d Neurol Sci. 2024;45(3):1295\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-023-07133-9.","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_932_23","volume":"27","author":"A Agarwal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agarwal A, Garg D, Garg A, Srivastava AK. \u201cShrimp sign\u201d in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2024;27(1):82\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_932_23.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"6 Infectious Di","key":"1199_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1212\/01.CON.0000423852.70641.de","volume":"18","author":"AJJ Aksamit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aksamit AJJ. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2012;18(6 Infectious Disease):1374\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/01.CON.0000423852.70641.de.","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)."},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289809113482","volume":"4","author":"JR Berger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berger JR, Pall L, Lanska D, Whiteman M. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with HIV infection. J Neurovirol. 1998;4(1):59\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13550289809113482.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458508096870","volume":"15","author":"E Iacobaeus","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iacobaeus E, Ryschkewitsch C, Gravell M, et al. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid cells from patients with multiple sclerosis for detection of JC virus DNA. Mult Scler. 2009;15(1):28\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458508096870.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir507","volume":"53","author":"RP Viscidi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Viscidi RP, Khanna N, Tan CS, et al. JC virus antibody and viremia as predictors of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53(7):711\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/cir507.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy030","volume":"67","author":"F Ferretti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferretti F, Bestetti A, Yiannoutsos CT, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of JC virus DNA in plasma in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(1):65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciy030.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1086\/595299","volume":"199","author":"FN Engsig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Engsig FN, Hansen ABE, Omland LH, et al. Incidence, clinical presentation, and outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in HIV-infected patients during the highly active antiretroviral therapy era: a nationwide cohort study. J Infect Dis. 2009;199(1):77\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/595299.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391216","volume":"339","author":"P Cinque","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cinque P, Casari S, Bertelli D. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV, and highly active antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 1998;339(12):848\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199809173391216.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199810000-00006","volume":"12","author":"H Albrecht","year":"1998","unstructured":"Albrecht H, Hoffmann C, Degen O, et al. Highly active antiretroviral therapy significantly improves the prognosis of patients with HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. AIDS. 1998;12(10):1149\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002030-199810000-00006.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1199_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.046","volume":"375","author":"R Sauer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sauer R, G\u00f6litz P, Jacobi J, Schwab S, Linker RA, Lee DH. Good outcome of brain stem progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in an immunosuppressed renal transplant patient: Importance of early detection and rapid immune reconstitution. J Neurol Sci. 2017;375:76\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2017.01.046.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1199_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2014.03.048","volume":"341","author":"H Ohara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ohara H, Kataoka H, Nakamichi K, Saijo M, Ueno S. Favorable outcome after withdrawal of immunosuppressant therapy in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation: case report and literature review. J Neurol Sci. 2014;341(1\u20132):144\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2014.03.048.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203311416693","volume":"21","author":"AM Pavlovic","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pavlovic AM, Bonaci-Nikolic B, Kozic D, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with mycophenolate mofetil treatment in a woman with lupus and CD4+ T-lymphocyte deficiency. Lupus. 2012;21(1):100\u20132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0961203311416693.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00800.x","volume":"5","author":"CD Crowder","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crowder CD, Gyure KA, Drachenberg CB, et al. Successful outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a renal transplant patient. Am J Transplant. 2005;5(5):1151\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2005.00800.x.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70149-1","volume":"10","author":"L Kappos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kappos L, Bates D, Edan G, et al. Natalizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis: updated recommendations for patient selection and monitoring. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10(8):745\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(11)70149-1.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018506","volume":"6","author":"A Haghikia","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haghikia A, Perrech M, Pula B, et al. Functional energetics of CD4+-cellular immunity in monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune disorders. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(4): e18506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0018506.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810257","volume":"361","author":"W Wenning","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wenning W, Haghikia A, Laubenberger J, et al. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with natalizumab. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(11):1075\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0810257.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822e55e7","volume":"77","author":"IL Tan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan IL, McArthur JC, Clifford DB, Major EO, Nath A. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in natalizumab-associated PML. Neurology. 2011;77(11):1061\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31822e55e7.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003740","volume":"88","author":"D Landi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Landi D, De Rossi N, Zagaglia S, et al. No evidence of beneficial effects of plasmapheresis in natalizumab-associated PML. Neurology. 2017;88(12):1144\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003740.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7009","volume":"20","author":"AJ Portuguese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Portuguese AJ, Tykodi SS, Blosser CD, Gooley TA, Thompson JA, Hall ET. Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in solid organ transplant recipients: a systematic review. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2022;20(4):406-416.e11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6004\/jnccn.2022.7009.","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"issue":"13","key":"1199_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00012","volume":"16","author":"CM Marra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Marra CM, Rajicic N, Barker DE, et al. A pilot study of cidofovir for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in AIDS. AIDS. 2002;16(13):1791\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00002030-200209060-00012.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-013-0173-y","volume":"19","author":"DB Clifford","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clifford DB, Nath A, Cinque P, et al. A study of mefloquine treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: results and exploration of predictors of PML outcomes. J Neurovirol. 2013;19(4):351\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13365-013-0173-y.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1199_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199805073381903","volume":"338","author":"CD Hall","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hall CD, Dafni U, Simpson D, et al. Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 243 Team. N Engl J Med. 1998;338(19):1345\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM199805073381903.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"1199_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039","volume":"380","author":"I Cortese","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cortese I, Muranski P, Enose-Akahata Y, et al. Pembrolizumab treatment for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1597\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1815039.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"1199_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1816198","volume":"380","author":"O Walter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Walter O, Treiner E, Bonneville F, et al. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with nivolumab. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(17):1674\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1816198.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e627","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000627","volume":"6","author":"M Pawlitzki","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pawlitzki M, Schneider-Hohendorf T, Rolfes L, et al. Ineffective treatment of PML with pembrolizumab: exhausted memory T-cell subsets as a clue? Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2019;6(6):e627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000627.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26512","volume":"93","author":"X Boumaza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boumaza X, Bonneau B, Roos-Weil D, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated by immune checkpoint inhibitors. Ann Neurol. 2023;93(2):257\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26512.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01951-x","volume":"22","author":"Y Yan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yan Y, Wang X, Liu C, Jia J. Association of lymphocyte subsets with efficacy and prognosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a retrospective study. BMC Pulm Med. 2022;22(1):166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-022-01951-x.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"1199_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830a5043","volume":"22","author":"A De Luca","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Luca A, Ammassari A, Pezzotti P, et al. Cidofovir in addition to antiretroviral treatment is not effective for AIDS-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a multicohort analysis. AIDS. 2008;22(14):1759\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32830a5043.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"1199_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.90.15_supplement.P5.380","author":"S Eckert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eckert S, Weinstock-Guttman B, Kolb C, Hojnacki D. Treatment of natalizumab-induced PML with cidofovir or CMX001 (brincidofovir) and mirtazapine (P5.380). Neurology. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.90.15_supplement.P5.380.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1199_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"P07.060","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.78.1_MeetingAbstracts.P07.060","volume":"78","author":"D Hojnacki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hojnacki D, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Successful treatment of natalizumab induced PML with CMX001 and the side effects associated with its use (P07. 060). Neurology. 2012;78:P07.060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.78.1_MeetingAbstracts.P07.060.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.776","volume":"6","author":"D Stefoski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stefoski D, Balabanov R, Waheed R, Ko M, Koralnik IJ, Sierra MF. Treatment of natalizumab-associated PML with filgrastim. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2019;6(5):923\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.776.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5196","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11865-1","volume":"270","author":"P Lombardo-Del Toro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lombardo-Del Toro P, Bragado-Trigo I, Arroyo P, et al. Fingolimod-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a multiple sclerosis patient with a good response to filgrastim. J Neurol. 2023;270(11):5196\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-023-11865-1.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e213","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000213","volume":"3","author":"DP Miskin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miskin DP, Chalkias SG, Dang X, Bord E, Batson S, Koralnik IJ. Interleukin-7 treatment of PML in a patient with idiopathic lymphocytopenia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2016;3(2):e213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000213.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu682","volume":"59","author":"M Sospedra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sospedra M, Schippling S, Yousef S, et al. Treating progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7 and vaccination with JC virus capsid protein VP1. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;59(11):1588\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciu682.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825","volume":"71","author":"KB Alstadhaug","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alstadhaug KB, Croughs T, Henriksen S, et al. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with interleukin 7. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(8):1030\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.825.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26307","volume":"91","author":"R Lajaunie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lajaunie R, Mainardi I, Gasnault J, et al. Outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy treated by interleukin-7. Ann Neurol. 2022;91(4):496\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26307.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204062072312017","DOI":"10.1177\/20406207231201721","volume":"14","author":"FW Hoff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hoff FW, Rolwes J, Hardeman PA, et al. Long-term outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with recombinant interleukin-2 treatment and an associated increase in the number of HPyV-2-specific T-cells: a case report. Ther Adv Hematol. 2023;14:20406207231201720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/20406207231201721.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Hematol"},{"issue":"5700","key":"1199_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1103492","volume":"306","author":"GF Elphick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Elphick GF, Querbes W, Jordan JA, et al. The human polyomavirus, JCV, uses serotonin receptors to infect cells. Science. 2004;306(5700):1380\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1103492.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-016-0433-8","volume":"36","author":"Y Jamilloux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jamilloux Y, Kerever S, Ferry T, Broussolle C, Honnorat J, S\u00e8ve P. Treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with mirtazapine. Clin Drug Investig. 2016;36(10):783\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-016-0433-8.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"issue":"19","key":"1199_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d4a1","volume":"73","author":"A Marzocchetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marzocchetti A, Tompkins T, Clifford DB, et al. Determinants of survival in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2009;73(19):1551\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181c0d4a1.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"20","key":"1199_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821a446b","volume":"76","author":"P Vermersch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vermersch P, Kappos L, Gold R, et al. Clinical outcomes of natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2011;76(20):1697\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821a446b.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304897","volume":"84","author":"S Dahlhaus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dahlhaus S, Hoepner R, Chan A, et al. Disease course and outcome of 15 monocentrically treated natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2013;84(10):1068\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2013-304897.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318268465b","volume":"79","author":"S Gheuens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gheuens S, Ngo L, Wang X, Alsop DC, Lenkinski RE, Koralnik IJ. Metabolic profile of PML lesions in patients with and without IRIS: an observational study. Neurology. 2012;79(10):1041\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318268465b.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1199_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v15071510","author":"N Lambert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lambert N, El Moussaoui M, Baron F, Maquet P, Darcis G. Virus-specific T-cell therapy for viral infections of the central nervous system: a review. Viruses. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v15071510.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1038\/bmt.2010.221","volume":"46","author":"A Balduzzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Balduzzi A, Lucchini G, Hirsch HH, et al. Polyomavirus JC-targeted T-cell therapy for progressive multiple leukoencephalopathy in a hematopoietic cell transplantation recipient. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2011;46(7):987\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bmt.2010.221.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"15","key":"1199_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801540","volume":"379","author":"M Muftuoglu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Muftuoglu M, Olson A, Marin D, et al. Allogeneic BK virus-specific T cells for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(15):1443\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1801540.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02337-5","volume":"18","author":"MJ Steinhardt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinhardt MJ, Wiercinska E, Pham M, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient post allo-HCT successfully treated with JC virus specific donor lymphocytes. J Transl Med. 2020;18(1):177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-020-02337-5.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"1199_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001042","author":"R Wicklein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wicklein R, Heidegger S, Verbeek M, et al. Combined treatment with pembrolizumab and allogenic BK virus-specific T cells in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001042.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00174-5","volume":"20","author":"I Cortese","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cortese I, Beck ES, Al-Louzi O, et al. BK virus-specific T cells for immunotherapy of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: an open-label, single-cohort pilot study. Lancet Neurol. 2021;20(8):639\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00174-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26020","volume":"89","author":"G Berzero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berzero G, Basso S, Stoppini L, et al. Adoptive transfer of JC Virus-specific T lymphocytes for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Ann Neurol. 2021;89(4):769\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.26020.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001020","author":"F Hopfner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hopfner F, M\u00f6hn N, Eiz-Vesper B, et al. Allogeneic BK virus-specific T-cell treatment in 2 patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001020.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm."},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.11.005","volume":"28","author":"JD Rubinstein","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rubinstein JD, Jodele S, Heyenbruch D, et al. Off-the-shelf third-party virus-specific T cell therapy to treat JC polyomavirus infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. Transplant Cell Ther. 2022;28(2):116.e1-116.e7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2021.11.005.","journal-title":"Transplant Cell Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3324","volume":"81","author":"N M\u00f6hn","year":"2024","unstructured":"M\u00f6hn N, Grote-Levi L, Wattjes MP, et al. Directly isolated allogeneic virus-specific T cells in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. JAMA Neurol. 2024;81(11):1187\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3324.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204978","volume":"73","author":"M Ray","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ray M, Curtis JR, Baddley JW. A case report of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML) associated with adalimumab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73(7):1429\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-204978.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e748","DOI":"10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001188","volume":"28","author":"M Ghandour","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghandour M, Hashim A, Yassin AS, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy secondary to adalimumab. Am J Ther. 2020;28(6):e748\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MJT.0000000000001188.","journal-title":"Am J Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-023-01383-4","volume":"47","author":"LV Rindi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rindi LV, Za\u00e7e D, Braccialarghe N, et al. Drug-induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2024;47(4):333\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40264-023-01383-4.","journal-title":"Drug Saf"},{"key":"1199_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789","volume":"455","author":"S Sakurai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sakurai S, Maezawa M, Nakao S, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy analyzed using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report database. J Neurol Sci. 2023;455: 122789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2023.122789.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1199_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182007b95","volume":"90","author":"J Griny\u00f3","year":"2010","unstructured":"Griny\u00f3 J, Charpentier B, Pestana JM, et al. An integrated safety profile analysis of belatacept in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1521\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0b013e3182007b95.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16563","volume":"189","author":"F D\u2019Al\u00f2","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Al\u00f2 F, Malafronte R, Piludu F, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with follicular lymphoma treated with bendamustine plus rituximab followed by rituximab maintenance. Br J Haematol. 2020;189(4):e140\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.16563.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-001847","volume":"63","author":"K Usui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Usui K, Kitazaki Y, Enomoto S, Morita M, Nakamichi K, Hamano T. A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with daratumumab, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for multiple myeloma. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2023;63(8):513\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5692\/clinicalneurol.cn-001847.","journal-title":"Rinsho Shinkeigaku"},{"issue":"16","key":"1199_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28712","volume":"120","author":"KR Carson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carson KR, Newsome SD, Kim EJ, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with brentuximab vedotin therapy: a report of 5 cases from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions (SONAR) project. Cancer. 2014;120(16):2464\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.28712.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.11406\/rinketsu.63.206","volume":"63","author":"Y Sawayama","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sawayama Y, Kato T, Watanabe H, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during the treatment for mycosis fungoides. Rinsho Ketsueki. 2022;63(3):206\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11406\/rinketsu.63.206.","journal-title":"Rinsho Ketsueki"},{"issue":"1 Suppl 75","key":"1199_CR137","first-page":"S62","volume":"31","author":"G Pugnet","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pugnet G, Pagnoux C, B\u00e9zanahary H, Ly KH, Vidal E, Guillevin L. Progressive multifocal encephalopathy after cyclophosphamide in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) patients: case report and review of literature. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013;31(1 Suppl 75):S62\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"1199_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.2147\/OTT.S365657","volume":"15","author":"SS Kareem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kareem SS, Viswanathan N, Sahebjam S, et al. Leukoencephalopathy during daratumumab-based therapy: a case series of two patients with multiple myeloma. Onco Targets Ther. 2022;15:953\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OTT.S365657.","journal-title":"Onco Targets Ther"},{"issue":"15","key":"1199_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1415408","volume":"372","author":"T Rosenkranz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rosenkranz T, Novas M, Terborg C. PML in a patient with lymphocytopenia treated with dimethyl fumarate. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(15):1476\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMc1415408.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458520949158","volume":"28","author":"AL Jordan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jordan AL, Yang J, Fisher CJ, Racke MK, Mao-Draayer Y. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 2022;28(1):7\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1352458520949158.","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002312","volume":"86","author":"E G\u00f3mez-Cibeira","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Cibeira E, Ivanovic-Barbeito Y, Guti\u00e9rrez-Mart\u00ednez E, et al. Eculizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2016;86(4):399\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002312.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.05.033","volume":"65","author":"N Kothary","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kothary N, Diak IL, Brinker A, Bezabeh S, Avigan M, Dal Pan G. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with efalizumab use in psoriasis patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2011;65(3):546\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.05.033.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182478d4b","volume":"78","author":"N Schwab","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwab N, Ulzheimer JC, Fox RJ, et al. Fatal PML associated with efalizumab therapy: insights into integrin \u03b1L\u03b22 in JC virus control. Neurology. 2012;78(7):458\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182478d4b. (discussion 465).","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70161-5","volume":"10","author":"KR Carson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carson KR, Focosi D, Major EO, et al. Monoclonal antibody-associated progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab, natalizumab, and efalizumab: a Review from the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports (RADAR) Project. Lancet Oncol. 2009;10(8):816\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(09)70161-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1199_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2020.17652","volume":"61","author":"Y Usui","year":"2020","unstructured":"Usui Y, Hiroto N, Junji K, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during treatment with lenalidomide and elotuzumab for multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020;61(9):2234\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428194.2020.17652.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"20","key":"1199_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1815","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005529","volume":"90","author":"JR Berger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Berger JR, Cree BA, Greenberg B, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment. Neurology. 2018;90(20):e1815\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005529.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-021-10910-1","volume":"269","author":"S Sriwastava","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sriwastava S, Chaudhary D, Srivastava S, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators used in multiple sclerosis: an updated review of literature. J Neurol. 2022;269(3):1678\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-021-10910-1.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1199_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10085","volume":"70","author":"B Vidarsson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vidarsson B, Mosher DF, Salamat MS, Isaksson HJ, Onundarson PT. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fludarabine therapy for low-grade lymphoproliferative disease. Am J Hematol. 2002;70(1):51\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.10085.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00282-999-0183-7","volume":"41","author":"H Gonzalez","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gonzalez H, Bolgert F, Camporo P, Leblond V. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML) in three patients treated with standard-dose fludarabine (FAMP). Hematol Cell Ther. 1999;41(4):183\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00282-999-0183-7.","journal-title":"Hematol Cell Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.5414\/CP203663","volume":"58","author":"K Mosna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mosna K, Ladicka M, Drgona L, et al. Ibrutinib treatment of mantle cell lymphoma complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020;58(6):343\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5414\/CP203663.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2022.2025796","volume":"63","author":"F Tahir","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tahir F, Sy J, Reddel S, Trotman J. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy post ibrutinib therapy in relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2022;63(6):1464\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10428194.2022.2025796.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2016.1198775","volume":"15","author":"DW Raisch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raisch DW, Rafi JA, Chen C, Bennett CL. Detection of cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with new biologicals and targeted cancer therapies from the FDA\u2019s adverse event reporting system. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016;15(8):1003\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2016.1198775.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/S13365-019-00821-3","volume":"26","author":"A Vogrig","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vogrig A, Gigli GL, Nilo A, et al. Epilepsia partialis continua revealing idelalisib-associated PML-IRIS: clinical and pathological features. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(3):437\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13365-019-00821-3.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1002\/ART.27687","volume":"62","author":"D Kumar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar D, Bouldin TW, Berger RG. A case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient treated with infliximab. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62(11):3191\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ART.27687.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JBSPIN.2011.11.002","volume":"79","author":"E Palazzo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palazzo E, Yahia SA. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in autoimmune diseases. Jt Bone Spine. 2012;79(4):351\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JBSPIN.2011.11.002.","journal-title":"Jt Bone Spine"},{"issue":"11","key":"1199_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1001\/ARCHNEUR.65.11.1538","volume":"65","author":"M Rahmlow","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rahmlow M, Shuster EA, Dominik J, et al. Leflunomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Arch Neurol. 2008;65(11):1538\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHNEUR.65.11.1538.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22374\/cjgim.v18i2.687","author":"MK Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang MK, Jevtic SD, Rebello R, Komorowski AS. Lenalidomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Can J Gen Intern Med. 2023;18(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22374\/cjgim.v18i2.687.","journal-title":"Can J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1199_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2018.12.021","author":"S Anderson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson S, Kiernan M, Ho PJ. Lenalidomide-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report and review of drug-related cases in multiple myeloma. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clml.2018.12.021.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"NP1","DOI":"10.1177\/2397198320926883","volume":"5","author":"T Simopoulou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Simopoulou T, Tsimourtou V, Katsiari C, Vlychou M, Bogdanos DP, Sakkas LI. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with systemic sclerosis treated with methotrexate: a case report and literature review. J Scleroderma Relat Disord. 2020;5(3):NP1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2397198320926883.","journal-title":"J Scleroderma Relat Disord."},{"issue":"16","key":"1199_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.4431-20","volume":"59","author":"M Anada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anada M, Tohyama M, Oda Y, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during tocilizumab treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2020;59(16):2053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.4431-20.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.98162","volume":"23","author":"D El Kabbaj","year":"2012","unstructured":"El Kabbaj D, Hassani M, Kadiri M, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil associated with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with successful outcome. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2012;23(4):790\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-2442.98162.","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"key":"1199_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S167109","volume":"14","author":"Y Ishikawa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ishikawa Y, Kasuya T, Ishikawa J, Fujiwara M, Kita Y. A case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while using rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018;14:1149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/TCRM.S167109.","journal-title":"Ther Clin Risk Manag"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1474","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e31818b62c8","volume":"86","author":"RT Neff","year":"2008","unstructured":"Neff RT, Hurst FP, Falta EM, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and use of mycophenolate mofetil after kidney transplantation. Transplantation. 2008;86(10):1474\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0b013e31818b62c8.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1199_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2010.01368.x","author":"SC Weber","year":"2011","unstructured":"Weber SC, Uhlenberg B, Raile K, Querfeld U, M\u00fcller D. Polyoma virus-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after renal transplantation: regression following withdrawal of mycophenolate mofetil. Pediatr Transplant. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-3046.2010.01368.x.","journal-title":"Pediatr Transplant"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2141","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-024-12273-9","volume":"271","author":"Y Zid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zid Y, Robertson NP. Extended interval dosing strategies in multiple sclerosis: insights from natalizumab and ocrelizumab trials. J Neurol. 2024;271(4):2141\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00415-024-12273-9.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"1199_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.11.011","author":"M Hay","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hay M, Leguy S, Cahagne V, Lassalle N, Le Page E, Michel L. Fatal natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with initial low JCV antibody index in a multiple sclerosis patient. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurol.2023.11.011.","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)."},{"key":"1199_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-69213-1_24","author":"H Vavro","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vavro H. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) after obinutuzumab treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Neuroradiol Images Symptoms. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-69213-1_24.","journal-title":"Neuroradiol Images Symptoms"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1007\/S13760-020-01520-1","volume":"121","author":"G Turine","year":"2021","unstructured":"Turine G, London F. Obinutuzumab use complicated by progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a case report. Acta Neurol Belg. 2021;121(3):781\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13760-020-01520-1.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Belg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1199_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e601","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLML.2021.02.016","volume":"21","author":"S Diavati","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diavati S, Asimakopoulos JV, Galopoulos D, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following treatment with obinutuzumab in a patient with non-hodgkin follicular lymphoma: a case report. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2021;21(7):e601\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.CLML.2021.02.016.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"10","key":"1199_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15988","volume":"30","author":"M Puig-Casadevall","year":"2023","unstructured":"Puig-Casadevall M, \u00c1lvarez-Bravo G, Varela AQ, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: a case report. Eur J Neurol. 2023;30(10):3357\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ene.15988.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1199_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1001\/JAMANEUROL.2021.0627","volume":"78","author":"A Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel A, Sul J, Gordon ML, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with progressive multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab monotherapy. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(6):1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/JAMANEUROL.2021.0627.","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1199_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3991","DOI":"10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.6723-20","volume":"60","author":"Y Hashimoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hashimoto Y, Tashiro T, Ogawa R, Nakamichi K, Saijo M, Tateishi T. Therapeutic experience of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy development during ofatumumab therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Intern Med. 2021;60(24):3991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2169\/INTERNALMEDICINE.6723-20.","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2020.56.4.3127026","volume":"56","author":"ML Amaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amaya ML, Jimeno A, Kamdar M. Polatuzumab vedotin to treat relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, in combination with bendamustine plus rituximab. Drugs Today (Barc). 2020;56(4):287\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1358\/dot.2020.56.4.3127026.","journal-title":"Drugs Today (Barc)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1199_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2023.07.1768","volume":"164","author":"T Chaudhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhary T, Amjad A, Chaudhary O, HassanShakir M, Nawaz M. Pomalidomide-associated progressive leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma patients: a case report. Chest. 2023;164(4):A2668\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2023.07.1768.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1007\/S13365-020-00845-0","volume":"26","author":"H Ueno","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ueno H, Kikumto M, Takebayashi Y, et al. Pomalidomide-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma: cortical susceptibility-weighted imaging hypointense findings prior to clinical deterioration. J Neurovirol. 2020;26(3):452\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S13365-020-00845-0.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"1199_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4876","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2019-122134","volume":"134","author":"J Monge","year":"2019","unstructured":"Monge J, Contreras J, Elsoukkary S, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a patient with multiple myeloma receiving daratumumab and pomalidomide. Blood. 2019;134(Supplement_1):4876\u20134876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2019-122134.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.2478\/rir-2023-0014","volume":"4","author":"M Hussain Awan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hussain Awan M, Samreen S, Perveen S, Salim B, Gul H, Khan A. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: a rare complication of rituximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Immunol Res. 2023;4(2):98\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2478\/rir-2023-0014.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Immunol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JIPH.2014.11.006","volume":"8","author":"JA Al-Tawfiq","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Tawfiq JA, Banda RW, Daabil RA, Dawamneh MF. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in a patient with lymphoma treated with rituximab: a case report and literature review. J Infect Public Health. 2015;8(5):493\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JIPH.2014.11.006.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"1199_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e593","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00167-8","volume":"8","author":"CL Bennett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bennett CL, Focosi D, Socal MP, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with rituximab: a 20-year review from the Southern Network on Adverse Reactions. Lancet Haematol. 2021;8(8):e593\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00167-8.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"key":"1199_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ENSCI.2020.100243","author":"A Bianchi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bianchi A, Ragonese P, Banco MA, et al. Four cases of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in iatrogenic immunocompromised patients. eNeurologicalSci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENSCI.2020.100243.","journal-title":"eNeurologicalSci."},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2670","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol31050202","volume":"31","author":"P Arvanitis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arvanitis P, Farmakiotis D, Pelcovits A. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy unmasked by teclistamab in a refractory multiple myeloma patient. Curr Oncol. 2024;31(5):2670\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/curroncol31050202.","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"1199_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2023.2278682","author":"V Bhati","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhati V, Kumar A, Lather V, Sharma R, Pandita D. Association of temozolomide with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a disproportionality analysis integrated with network pharmacology. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14740338.2023.2278682.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1199_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4736","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOOD-2021-152895","volume":"138","author":"A De La Torre","year":"2021","unstructured":"De La Torre A, Gao A, Krings T, Reece DE. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple myeloma: a single institution case series. Blood. 2021;138(Supplement 1):4736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/BLOOD-2021-152895.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"1199_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/EJH.13751","volume":"108","author":"PT Diamantopoulos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diamantopoulos PT, Kalopisis K, Tsatsou A, et al. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the context of newer therapies in hematology and review of new treatment strategies. Eur J Haematol. 2022;108(5):359\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/EJH.13751.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1199_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1097\/01.qai.0000136093.47316.f3","volume":"37","author":"C Wyen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wyen C, Hoffmann C, Schmeisser N, et al. Progressive multifocal leukencephalopathy in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy: survival and risk factors of death. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37(2):1263\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.qai.0000136093.47316.f3.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1199_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280390201740","volume":"9","author":"W Royal 3rd","year":"2003","unstructured":"Royal W 3rd, Dupont B, McGuire D, et al. Topotecan in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. J Neurovirol. 2003;9(3):411\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13550280390201740.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T14:57:29Z","timestamp":1757602649000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01199-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Meital Elbaz, Yair Mina and Alaa Atamna declare no conflict of interest. Dafna Yahav is an Editorial Board member of Infectious Diseases and Therapy. Dafna Yahav was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}