{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:16:57Z","timestamp":1793146617971,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]],"date-time":"2025-12-09T18:03:59Z","timestamp":1765303439000},"page":"57-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["A Review of Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis and Its Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance and the Human Microbiome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6441-4141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruben","family":"Fernandez-Ibanez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2843-1094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santiago","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1635-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moises","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1270_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30725-9","volume":"18","author":"JM Molina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Molina JM, Ghosn J, B\u00e9niguel L, Matta M, Pialoux G, Cua E, et al. Post-exposure prophylaxis with doxycycline to prevent sexually transmitted infections in men who have sex with men: an open-label randomised substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18:308\u201317.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"No. RR-2","key":"1270_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7302a1","volume":"73","author":"LH Bachmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bachmann LH, Barbee LA, Chan P, et al. CDC clinical guidelines on the use of doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis for bacterial sexually transmitted infection prevention, United States, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2024;73(No. RR-2):1\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"1270_CR3","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. EpiPulse: the European surveillance portal for infectious diseases. Stockholm: ECDC; 2021. https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/epipulse-european-surveillance-portal-infectious-diseases"},{"issue":"10","key":"1270_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00236-6","volume":"24","author":"JM Molina","year":"2024","unstructured":"Molina JM, Bercot B, Assoumou L, Rubenstein E, Algarte-Genin M, Pialoux G, et al. Doxycycline prophylaxis and meningococcal group B vaccine to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in France (ANRS 174 DOXYVAC): a multicentre, open-label, randomised trial with a 2\u2008\u00d7\u20082 factorial design. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(10):1093\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00236-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000216","volume":"42","author":"RK Bolan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bolan RK, Beymer MR, Weiss RE, et al. Doxycycline prophylaxis to reduce incident syphilis among HIV-infected men who have sex with men who continue to engage in high-risk sex: a randomised, controlled pilot study. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42:98\u2013103.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ciaf043","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf043","volume":"30","author":"T Grennan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Grennan T, Mohammed S, Edward J, Tattersall T, Gupta AK, Seto J, et al. A pilot, randomised controlled trial of dual daily HIV and sexually transmitted infection pre-exposure prophylaxis using tenofovir disoproxil fumarate\/emtricitabine and doxycycline in gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men and transgender women: the DuDHS study. Clin Infect Dis. 2025;30:ciaf043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf043.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf054","volume":"7","author":"S Abe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abe S, Mizushima D, Ando N, Kawashima A, Uemura H, Shibata S, et al. Doxycycline pre-exposure prophylaxis prevents sexually transmitted infections without affecting vaginal bacterial flora in female sex workers. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2025;7(2):dlaf054. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf054.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"14","key":"1270_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211934","volume":"388","author":"AF Luetkemeyer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luetkemeyer AF, Donnell D, Dombrowski JC, et al. Postexposure doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(14):1296\u2013306.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1270_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.34.20885","volume":"19","author":"G La Ruche","year":"2014","unstructured":"La Ruche G, Goubard A, Bercot B, et al. Gonococcal infections and emergence of gonococcal decreased susceptibility to cephalosporins in France, 2001 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2014;19:20885.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"11","key":"1270_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00168-X","volume":"5","author":"E Reichert","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reichert E, Grad YH. Effects of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for prevention of sexually transmitted infections on gonorrhoea prevalence and antimicrobial resistance among men who have sex with men in the USA: a modelling study. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(11):100926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00168-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"1270_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf120","volume":"7","author":"K Do","year":"2025","unstructured":"Do K, Unemo M, Kenyon C, Hocking JS, Kong FY. Tetracycline-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae global estimates\u2014impacts on doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis implementation and monitoring: a systematic review. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2025;7(4):dlaf120.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1270_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2304007","volume":"389","author":"J Stewart","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stewart J, Oware K, Donnell D, et al. Doxycycline prophylaxis to prevent sexually transmitted infections in women. N Engl J Med. 2023;389:2331\u201340.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1270_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105037","volume":"101","author":"RE Haaland","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haaland RE, Fountain J, Edwards TE, Dinh C, Martin A, Omoyege D, et al. Pharmacokinetics of single dose doxycycline in the rectum, vagina, and urethra: implications for prevention of bacterial sexually transmitted infections. EBioMedicine. 2024;101:105037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ebiom.2024.105037.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1270_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7186","volume":"185","author":"MW Traeger","year":"2025","unstructured":"Traeger MW, Leyden WA, Volk JE, et al. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis and bacterial sexually transmitted infections among individuals using HIV preexposure prophylaxis. JAMA Intern Med. 2025;185(3):273\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7186.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1270_CR15","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National overview of STIs in 2023. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024 [cited 2025 Jul 3]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/sti-statistics\/annual\/summary.html."},{"key":"1270_CR16","unstructured":"British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. BASHH publishes UK-first guidelines on doxyPEP for the prevention of syphilis. London: BASHH; 2025 [cited 2025 Jul 5]. https:\/\/www.bashh.org\/news\/1686\/bashh_publishes_ukfirst_guidelines_on_doxypep_for_the_prevention_of_syphilis\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"1270_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055425","volume":"98","author":"M Kohli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kohli M, Medland N, Fifer H, Saunders BJ. BASHH updated position statement on doxycycline as prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections. Sex Transm Infect. 2022;98(3):235\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sextrans-2022-055425.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"1270_CR18","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global action plan to control the spread and impact of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Geneva: WHO; 2012 [cited 2025 Feb 15]. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/handle\/10665\/44863."},{"key":"1270_CR19","unstructured":"Haute Autorit\u00e9 de Sant\u00e9. Doxycycline en pr\u00e9vention des infections sexuellement transmissibles bact\u00e9riennes. Paris: HAS; 2025. Report No.: 2. https:\/\/www.has-sante.fr\/jcms\/p_3425026\/fr\/doxycycline-en-prevention-des-infections-sexuellement-transmissibles-bacteriennes."},{"key":"1270_CR20","volume-title":"Doxy post-exposure prophylaxis for STI not endorsed by BREACH","author":"M De Scheerder","year":"2023","unstructured":"De Scheerder M, Libois A, Van Praet J, Kenyon C. Doxy post-exposure prophylaxis for STI not endorsed by BREACH. Brussels: Belgian Research HIV Consortium Proceedings; 2023."},{"key":"1270_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"3","author":"VT Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu VT, Glascock A, Donnell D, Grabow C, Brown CE, Ward R, et al. Impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections on the gut microbiome and antimicrobial resistome. Nat Med. 2024;3:1\u20131.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1270_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.11.014","volume":"41","author":"M-U Rashid","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rashid M-U, Panagiotidis G, B\u00e4ckstr\u00f6m T, Weintraub A, Nord C. Ecological impact of doxycycline at low dose on normal oropharyngeal and intestinal microflora. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2013;41:352\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"1270_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-019-0625-0","volume":"5","author":"E Yaffe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaffe E, Relman DA. Tracking microbial evolution in the human gut using Hi-C reveals extensive horizontal gene transfer, persistence and adaptation. Nat Microbiol. 2020;5:343\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.03792.x","volume":"105","author":"J M\u00e4tt\u00f6","year":"2008","unstructured":"M\u00e4tt\u00f6 J, Maukonen J, Alakomi HL, Suihko ML, Saarela M. Influence of oral doxycycline therapy on the diversity and antibiotic susceptibility of human intestinal bifidobacterial population. J Appl Microbiol. 2008;105(1):279\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2672.2008.03792.x.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac009","volume":"4","author":"R Truong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Truong R, Tang V, Grennan T, Tan DHS. A systematic review of the impacts of oral tetracycline class antibiotics on antimicrobial resistance in normal human flora. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2022;4(1):dlac009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jacamr\/dlac009.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1270_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2151","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms3151","volume":"4","author":"Y Hu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hu Y, Yang X, Qin J, et al. Metagenome-wide analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in a large cohort of human gut microbiota. Nat Commun. 2013;4:2151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms3151.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01349","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01349-22","volume":"14","author":"K Wollein Waldetoft","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wollein Waldetoft K, Sundius S, Kuske R, Brown SP. Defining the benefits of antibiotic resistance in commensals and the scope for resistance optimization. MBio. 2023;14(1):e01349-e1422.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"1270_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abd8077","volume":"13","author":"JH Jo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jo JH, et al. Alterations of human skin microbiome and expansion of antimicrobial resistance after systemic antibiotics. Sci Transl Med. 2021;13:eabd8077.","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1270_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.139.4.459","volume":"139","author":"R Skidmore","year":"2003","unstructured":"Skidmore R, Kovach R, Walker C, Thomas J, Bradshaw M, Leyden J, et al. Effects of subantimicrobial-dose doxycycline in the treatment of moderate acne. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(4):459\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archderm.139.4.459.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"issue":"9452","key":"1270_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2188","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17591-0","volume":"364","author":"M Ozolins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ozolins M, Eady EA, Avery AJ, Cunliffe WJ, Po AL, O\u2019Neill C, et al. Comparison of five antimicrobial regimens for treatment of mild to moderate inflammatory facial acne vulgaris in the community: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004;364(9452):2188\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1270_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00840.x","volume":"32","author":"C Walker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Walker C, Preshaw PM, Novak J, Hefti AF, Bradshaw M, Powala C. Long-term treatment with sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline has no antibacterial effect on intestinal flora. J Clin Periodontol. 2005;32:1163\u20139.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1270_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.9.1465","volume":"71","author":"C Walker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Walker C, Thomas J, Nang\u00f3 S, Lennon J, Wetzel J, Powala C. Long-term treatment with subantimicrobial dose doxycycline exerts no antibacterial effect on the subgingival microflora associated with adult periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2000;71(9):1465\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2000.71.9.1465.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"1270_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00493","volume":"31","author":"RMJ Rodrigues","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rodrigues RMJ, Gon\u00e7alves C, Souto R, et al. Antibiotic resistance profile of the subgingival microbiota following systemic or local tetracycline therapy. J Clin Periodontol. 2004;31:420\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2004.00493.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1270_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1999.tb02521.x","volume":"26","author":"M Feres","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feres M, Haffajee AD, Goncalves C, Allard KA, Som S, Smith C, et al. Systemic doxycycline administration in the treatment of periodontal infections (II) effect on antibiotic resistance of subgingival species. J Clin Periodontol. 1999;26(12):784\u201392.","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1270_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5302","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00688-16","volume":"60","author":"K Zawack","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zawack K, Li M, Booth JG, Love W, Lanzas C, Gr\u00f6hn YT. Monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the food supply chain and its implications for FDA policy initiatives. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016;60(9):5302\u201311.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"19","key":"1270_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197905103001903","volume":"300","author":"WO Harrison","year":"1979","unstructured":"Harrison WO, Hooper RR, Wiesner PJ, Campbell AF, Karney WW, Reynolds GH, et al. A trial of minocycline given after exposure to prevent gonorrhea. N Engl J Med. 1979;300(19):1074\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1270_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf089","volume":"80","author":"O Olusegun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Olusegun O. Potential impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis on tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and colonization with tetracycline-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Group A Streptococcus. Clin Infect Dis. 2025;80:1188\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaf089.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.01.09.632169","author":"LR Robinson","year":"2025","unstructured":"Robinson LR, McDevitt CJ, Regan MR, Quail SL, Swartz M, Wadsworth CB. Re-visiting the potential impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) on the selection of doxycycline resistance in Neisseria commensals. bioRxiv. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2025.01.09.632169. (Preprint).","journal-title":"bioRxiv."},{"key":"1270_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9100656","volume":"9","author":"MA Fiore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fiore MA, Raisman JC, Wong NH, et al. Exploration of the Neisseria resistome reveals resistance mechanisms in commensals that may be acquired by N. gonorrhoeae through horizontal gene transfer. Antibiotics. 2020;9:656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics9100656.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab390","volume":"77","author":"I Kanesaka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanesaka I, Ohno A, Katsuse AK, Takahashi H, Kobayashi I. The emergence of the ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone by transfer of resistance from an oral Neisseria subflava reservoir of resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(2):364\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jac\/dkab390.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"1270_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00520-5","volume":"22","author":"JA Tickner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tickner JA, et al. The need for a commercial test using the penA60 allele to identify ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(9):1271\u20132.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj021","volume":"163","author":"MH Samore","year":"2006","unstructured":"Samore MH, Lipsitch M, Alder SC, Haddadin B, Stoddard G, Williamson J, et al. Mechanisms by which antibiotics promote dissemination of resistant pneumococci in human populations. Am J Epidemiol. 2006;163(2):160\u201370.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1270_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Narayana JK, Allinson J, Ivan FX, Jaggi T, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Donaldson GC, Wedzicha JA, Chotirmall SH. Long-term doxycycline demonstrates microbial perturbation and altered interactomes in COPD: exploratory analysis from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In: A106. Microbiome research. American Thoracic Society; 2023. pp. A2651.","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm-conference.2023.207.1_MeetingAbstracts.A2651"},{"issue":"10","key":"1270_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207194","volume":"70","author":"SE Brill","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brill SE, Law M, El-Emir E, Allinson JP, James P, Maddox V, et al. Effects of different antibiotic classes on airway bacteria in stable COPD using culture and molecular techniques: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2015;70(10):930\u20138.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1270_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05398-5","volume":"20","author":"MW Kivata","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kivata MW, Mbuchi M, Eyase F, et al. Plasmid mediated penicillin and tetracycline resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:703.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR46","unstructured":"Golparian D, Shafer WM, Ohnishi M, Unemo M. Inactivation of the MtrCDE, MacAB, and NorM efflux pumps in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with clinical resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins make them susceptible to several antimicrobials, abstr P171. In: 18th international pathogenic Neisseria conference, 9\u201314 September 2012, Wurzburg, Germany. 2012."},{"key":"1270_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00038-14","volume":"58","author":"D Golparian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Golparian D, Shafer WM, Ohnishi M, Unemo M. Importance of multidrug efflux pumps in the antimicrobial resistance property of clinical multidrug-resistant isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58:3556\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.00038-14.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1270_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00085-4","volume":"25","author":"AF Luetkemeyer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Luetkemeyer AF, Donnell D, Cohen SE, Dombrowski JC, Grabow C, Haser G, et al. Doxycycline to prevent bacterial sexually transmitted infections in the USA: final results from the DoxyPEP multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial and open-label extension. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25:873\u201383.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1270_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7178","volume":"185","author":"M Sankaran","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sankaran M, Glidden DV, Kohn RP, et al. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis and sexually transmitted infection trends. JAMA Intern Med. 2025;185(3):266\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2024.7178.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"1270_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae309","author":"L Xiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiu L, Peng J. Challenges and considerations in implementing doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infection prevention in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae309.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1270_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e268","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00359-6","volume":"23","author":"DM Whiley","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whiley DM, Tickner JA, Kundu RL, et al. Selection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae ceftriaxone resistance using doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(8):e268\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad279","volume":"77","author":"TD Mortimer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mortimer TD, Grad YH. A genomic perspective on the near-term impact of doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis on Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(5):788\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciad279.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001810","author":"T Vanbaelen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vanbaelen T, Manoharan-Basil S, Kenyon C. Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis could induce cross-resistance to other classes of antimicrobials in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: an in silico analysis. Sex Transm Dis. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000001810. (Published online Nov 13).","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.1.137-143.2005","volume":"49","author":"M Ito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ito M, Deguchi T, Mizutani KS, Yasuda M, Yokoi S, Ito S, et al. Emergence and spread of Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates harboring mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 in Central Japan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005;49(1):137\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.49.1.137-143.2005.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1270_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002","volume":"46","author":"S Ameyama","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ameyama S, Onodera S, Takahata M, Minami S, Maki N, Endo K, et al. Mosaic-like structure of penicillin-binding protein 2 gene (penA) in clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with reduced susceptibility to cefixime. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002;46(12):3744\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.46.12.3744-3749.2002.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00182388","volume":"34","author":"BG Spratt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spratt BG, Bowler LD, Zhang QY, Zhou J, Smith JM. Role of interspecies transfer of chromosomal genes in the evolution of penicillin resistance in pathogenic and commensal Neisseria species. J Mol Evol. 1992;34(2):115\u201325.","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1270_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01010-09","volume":"54","author":"M Ohnishi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ohnishi M, Watanabe Y, Ono E, Takahashi C, Oya H, Kuroki T, et al. Spread of a chromosomal cefixime-resistant penA gene among different Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(3):1060\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/AAC.01010-09.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1270_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-007-0541-8","volume":"13","author":"R Furuya","year":"2007","unstructured":"Furuya R, Onoye Y, Kanayama A, Saika T, Iyoda T, Tatewaki M, et al. Antimicrobial resistance in clinical isolates of Neisseria subflava from the oral cavities of a Japanese population. J Infect Chemother. 2007;13:302\u20134.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"1270_CR59","unstructured":"Ber\u00e7ot B, Assoumou L, Cam\u00e9l\u00e9na F, et al. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) infections among MSM on doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis. In: Poster presented at: 25th international AIDS conference; 2024 Jul 22\u201326; Munich, Germany. NATAP conference report. 2024. https:\/\/www.natap.org\/2024\/IAS\/IAS_03.htm."},{"issue":"10","key":"1270_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.10.2400113","volume":"29","author":"L Nerlander","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nerlander L, Champezou L, Gomes Dias J, et al. Sharp increase in gonorrhoea notifications among young people, EU\/EEA, July 2022 to June 2023. Euro Surveill. 2024;29(10):2400113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.10.2400113.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"1270_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e452","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00044-1","volume":"3","author":"L S\u00e1nchez-Bus\u00f3","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Bus\u00f3 L, Cole MJ, Spiteri G, et al. Europe-wide expansion and eradication of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae lineages: a genomic surveillance study. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3:e452\u201363.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"1270_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa526","volume":"76","author":"J Yan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yan J, Chen Y, Yang F, et al. High percentage of the ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone among isolates from a single hospital in Hangzhou, China. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76:936\u20139.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"1270_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2400166","volume":"30","author":"L Xiu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xiu L, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Molecular screening to track ceftriaxone-resistant FC428-like Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains\u2019 dissemination in four provinces of China, 2019 to 2021. Euro Surveill. 2025;30(6):2400166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2025.30.6.2400166.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"1270_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf071","author":"JGE Laumen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laumen JGE, Hieu VN, Nhung PH, et al. High prevalence of ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2023\u20132024. J Infect Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiaf071.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1270_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3008.240139","volume":"30","author":"L Xiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiu L, Zhang L, Peng J. Surge in ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428-like strains, Asia-Pacific region, 2015\u20132022. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(8):1683\u20136.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"50","key":"1270_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.50.2200899","volume":"27","author":"B Ber\u00e7ot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ber\u00e7ot B, Cam\u00e9l\u00e9na F, M\u00e9rim\u00e8che M, et al. Ceftriaxone-resistant, multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a novel mosaic penA-237.001 gene, France, June 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022;27(50):2200899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.50.2200899.","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"issue":"7","key":"1270_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2507.190172","volume":"25","author":"SC Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen SC, Han Y, Yuan LF, Zhu XY, Yin YP. Identification of internationally disseminated ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain FC428, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2019;25(7):1427\u20139.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02624-18","volume":"63","author":"KKK Ko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ko KKK, Chio MTW, Goh SS, et al. First case of ceftriaxone-resistant multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Singapore. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(5):e02624\u201318.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"1270_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3009.240557","volume":"30","author":"F Cam\u00e9l\u00e9na","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cam\u00e9l\u00e9na F, M\u00e9rim\u00e8che M, Brousseau J, et al. Emergence of extensively drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, France, 2023. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(9):1903\u20136.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1773325","volume":"9","author":"K Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou K, Chen SC, Yang F, van der Veen S, Yin YP. Impact of the gonococcal FC428 penA allele 60.001 on ceftriaxone resistance and biological fitness. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):1219\u201329.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01905-17","volume":"9","author":"LR Vincent","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vincent LR, Kerr SR, Tan Y, et al. In vivo-selected compensatory mutations restore the fitness cost of mosaic penA alleles that confer ceftriaxone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. MBio. 2018;9(2):e01905\u201317.","journal-title":"MBio"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2023.106785","volume":"61","author":"L Xiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiu L, Wang L, Li Y, et al. Multicentre clinical evaluation of a molecular diagnostic assay to identify Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection and detect antimicrobial resistance. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2023;61(5):106785.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e376","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(22)00034-9","volume":"3","author":"TD Mortimer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mortimer TD, Zhang JJ, Ma KC, Grad YH. Loci for prediction of penicillin and tetracycline susceptibility in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a genome-wide association study. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(5):e376\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"7","key":"1270_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1507.081563","volume":"15","author":"KC Hong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hong KC, Schachter J, Moncada J, Zhou Z, House J, Lietman TM. Lack of macrolide resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis after mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15(7):1088\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid1507.081563.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1270_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu046","volume":"210","author":"SK West","year":"2014","unstructured":"West SK, Moncada J, Munoz B, Mkocha H, Storey P, Hardick J, et al. Is there evidence for resistance of ocular Chlamydia trachomatis to azithromycin after mass treatment for trachoma control? J Infect Dis. 2014;210(1):65\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiu046.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s12223-012-0218-2","volume":"58","author":"S Ljubin-Sternak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ljubin-Sternak S, Mestrovic T, Vilibic-Cavlek T, Mlinaric-Galinovic G, Sviben M, Markotic A, et al. In vitro susceptibility of urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis strains in a country with high azithromycin consumption rate. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2013;58(5):361\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12223-012-0218-2.","journal-title":"Folia Microbiol (Praha)"},{"key":"1270_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.65.2.232-260.2001","volume":"65","author":"I Chopra","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chopra I, Roberts M. Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2001;65:232\u201360.","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1270_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1093\/gbe\/evv143","volume":"7","author":"RM Tian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tian RM, Cai L, Zhang WP, Cao HL, Qian PY. Rare events of intragenus and intraspecies horizontal transfer of the 16S rRNA gene. Genome Biol Evol. 2015;7(8):2310\u201320.","journal-title":"Genome Biol Evol"},{"key":"1270_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.00156","volume":"8","author":"H Marti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marti H, Kim H, Joseph SJ, et al. Tet(C) gene transfer between Chlamydia suis strains occurs by homologous recombination after co-infection: implications for spread of tetracycline-resistance among Chlamydiaceae. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:156.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1270_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4604","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00477-09","volume":"53","author":"RJ Suchland","year":"2009","unstructured":"Suchland RJ, Sandoz KM, Jeffrey BM, Stamm WE, Rockey DD. Horizontal transfer of tetracycline resistance among Chlamydia spp. in vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009;53:4604\u201311.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1270_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000445","volume":"43","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Liu S, Liu Z, et al. Molecular subtyping and surveillance of resistance genes in Treponema pallidum DNA from patients with secondary and latent syphilis in Hunan, China. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43:310\u20136.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR82","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2021 [citado 2025 Jul 7]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/std\/treatment-guidelines\/STI-Guidelines-2021.pdf."},{"key":"1270_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiae381","author":"LC Tantalo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tantalo LC, Luetkemeyer AF, Lieberman NA, et al. In vitro exposure of Treponema pallidum to subbactericidal doxycycline did not induce resistance: implications for doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/jiae381.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR84","first-page":"9","volume-title":"Pathogenic Treponema molecular and cellular biology","author":"BJ Paster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paster BJ, Dewhirst FE. The phylogenetic diversity of the genus Treponema. In: Radolf JD, Lukehart SA, editors. Pathogenic Treponema molecular and cellular biology. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press; 2006. p. 9\u201318."},{"key":"1270_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010063","volume":"15","author":"NAP Lieberman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lieberman NAP, Lin MJ, Xie H, et al. Treponema pallidum genome sequencing from six continents reveals variability in vaccine candidate genes and dominance of Nichols clade strains in Madagascar. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15:e0010063.","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3589","volume":"100","author":"A Sanchez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanchez A, Mayslich C, Malet I, et al. Surveillance of antibiotic resistance genes in Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum from patients with early syphilis in France. Acta Derm Venereol. 2020;100:adv00221.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"1270_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000741","volume":"45","author":"L Giacani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giacani L, Ciccarese G, Puga-Salazar C, et al. Enhanced molecular typing of Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum strains from four Italian hospitals shows geographical differences in strain type heterogeneity, widespread resistance to macrolides, and lack of mutations associated with doxycycline resistance. Sex Transm Dis. 2018;45:237\u201342.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009612","volume":"17","author":"E Romeis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romeis E, Tantalo L, Lieberman N, et al. Genetic engineering of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. PLoS Pathog. 2021;17:e1009612.","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"5","key":"1270_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit752","volume":"58","author":"MJ Pond","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pond MJ, Nori AV, Witney AA, Lopeman RC, Butcher PD, Sadiq ST. High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in nongonococcal urethritis: the need for routine testing and the inadequacy of current treatment options. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58(5):631\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17972","volume":"36","author":"JS Jensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jensen JS, Cusini M, Gomberg M, et al. 2021 European guideline on the management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36:641\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.17972.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"1270_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2017-053480","volume":"94","author":"DL Couldwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Couldwell DL, Jalocon D, Power M, Jeoffreys NJ, Chen SC, Lewis DA. Mycoplasma genitalium: high prevalence of resistance to macrolides and frequent anorectal infection in men who have sex with men in western Sydney. Sex Transm Infect. 2018;94:406\u201310.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"1270_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.06.015","volume":"18","author":"R Dumke","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dumke R, Ziegler T, Abbasi-Boroudjeni N, Rust M, Glaunsinger T. Prevalence of macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium strains in clinical specimens from men who have sex with men of two sexually transmitted infection practices in Berlin, Germany. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2019;18:118\u201321.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1270_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000940","volume":"46","author":"V Mulligan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mulligan V, Lynagh Y, Clarke S, Unemo M, Crowley B. Prevalence, macrolide resistance, and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium in men who have sex with men attending an sexually transmitted disease clinic in Dublin, Ireland in 2017\u20132018. Sex Transm Dis. 2019;46:e35\u20137.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2020-054511","volume":"97","author":"I De Baetselier","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Baetselier I, Kenyon C, Vanden Berghe W, et al. An alarming high prevalence of resistance-associated mutations to macrolides and fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma genitalium in Belgium: results from samples collected between 2015 and 2018. Sex Transm Infect. 2021;97:297\u2013303.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"1270_CR95","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Mollicutes molecular biology and pathogenesis","author":"KB Waites","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waites KB, Lysnyansky I, B\u00e9b\u00e9ar C. Emerging antimicrobial resistance in mycoplasmas of humans and animals. In: Browning GF, Citti C, editors. Mollicutes molecular biology and pathogenesis. Norfolk: Caister Academic Press; 2014. p. 289\u2013322."},{"key":"1270_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2127","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1832","volume":"73","author":"B Ber\u00e7ot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ber\u00e7ot B, Charreau I, Rousseau C, et al. High prevalence and high rate of antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium infections in men who have sex with men: a substudy of the ANRS IPERGAY pre-exposure prophylaxis trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73:e2127\u201333.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.155.2.541-548.1983","volume":"155","author":"AM George","year":"1983","unstructured":"George AM, Levy SB. Gene in the major cotransduction gap of the Escherichia coli K-12 linkage map required for the expression of chromosomal resistance to tetracycline and other antibiotics. J Bacteriol. 1983;155(2):541\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1270_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.8.1318","volume":"33","author":"SP Cohen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cohen SP, McMurry LM, Hooper DC, Wolfson JS, Levy SB. Cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones in multiple-antibiotic-resistant (Mar) Escherichia coli selected by tetracycline or chloramphenicol: decreased drug accumulation associated with membrane changes in addition to OmpF reduction. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989;33(8):1318\u201325.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1270_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1208014","volume":"14","author":"C Kenyon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kenyon C, Gestels Z, Vanbaelen T, Abdellati S, Van Den Bossche D, De Baetselier I, et al. Doxycycline PEP can induce doxycycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Galleria mellonella model of PEP. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1208014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1208014.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"49","key":"1270_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102403","volume":"1","author":"A Kantele","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kantele A, Mero S, L\u00e4\u00e4veri T. Doxycycline as an antimalarial: Impact on travellers\u2019 diarrhoea and doxycycline resistance among various stool bacteria\u2014prospective study and literature review. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2022;1(49):102403.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"1270_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00043-12","volume":"194","author":"P Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu P, Li P, Jiang X, Bi D, Xie Y, Tai C, et al. Complete genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae HS11286, a multidrug-resistant strain isolated from human sputum. J Bacteriol. 2012;194:1841\u20132.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1270_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy027","volume":"67","author":"CL Gorrie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gorrie CL, Mirceta M, Wick RR, Judd LM, Wyres KL, Thomson NR, et al. Antimicrobial-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae carriage and infection in specialized geriatric care wards linked to acquisition in the referring hospital. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(2):161\u201370.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"27","key":"1270_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3574","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1501049112","volume":"112","author":"KE Holt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holt KE, Wertheim H, Zadoks RN, Baker S, Whitehouse CA, Dance D, et al. Genomic analysis of diversity, population structure, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae, an urgent threat to public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112(27):E3574\u201381.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1270_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.11.020","volume":"213","author":"PLC Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang PLC, Shen X, Chalmers G, Reid-Smith RJ, Slavic D, Dick H, et al. Prevalence and mechanisms of extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in clinical and fecal Enterobacteriaceae isolates from dogs in Ontario, Canada. Vet Microbiol. 2018;213:82\u20138.","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T12:02:34Z","timestamp":1767873754000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1270"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01270-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ruben Fernandz-Ibanez has nothing to disclose. Santiago Moreno has nothing to disclose. Moises Fernandez\u00a0has nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}