{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:56:31Z","timestamp":1781805391027,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004334","name":"Merck","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004334","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T19:19:28Z","timestamp":1778959168000},"page":"1869-1891","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Burden of Invasive Pneumococcal Disease and Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults: Significant Adverse Outcomes and Costs beyond Direct Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6620-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni","family":"Kononoff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veli-Jukka","family":"Anttila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Klemets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marita","family":"Kalaoja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"P\u00f6lkki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maarit J.","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7","volume":"400","author":"GBD 2019, Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators","year":"2022","unstructured":"GBD 2019, Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2022;400:2221\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)02185-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268822001182","volume":"150","author":"A Deb","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deb A, Podmore B, Barnett R, Beier D, Galetzka W, Qizilbash N, et\u00a0al. Clinical and economic burden of pneumococcal disease among individuals aged 16 years and older in Germany. Epidemiol Infect. 2022;150:e204,1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0950268822001182.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1357_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2025.127398","volume":"61","author":"MJ Korhonen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Korhonen MJ, P\u00f6lkki M, Anttila V-J, Klemets P, Peltonen EJ, Purmonen T, et\u00a0al. Healthcare resource use and costs associated with episodes of laboratory confirmed invasive pneumococcal disease in adults in Finland 2016\u20132022. Vaccine. 2025;61:127398.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1357_CR4","unstructured":"El Banhawi H, Chowdhury S, Neri M, Radu P, Besley S, Bell E, Brassel S, Steuten L. The socioeconomic value of adult immunisation programmes. OHE Contract Research Report: Office of Health Economics. 2024. https:\/\/www.ohe.org\/publications\/the-socio-economic-value-of-adult-immunisation-programmes\/."},{"key":"1357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-96","volume":"8","author":"P Klemets","year":"2008","unstructured":"Klemets P, Lyytikainen O, Ruutu P, Ollgren J, Nuorti JP. Invasive pneumococcal infections among persons with and without underlying medical conditions: implications for prevention strategies. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:96.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1357_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2023.2279394","volume":"19","author":"S Arya","year":"2023","unstructured":"Arya S, Norton N, Kaushik P, Brandtm\u00fcller A, Tsoumani E. Recent changes to adult national immunization programs for pneumococcal vaccination in Europe and how they impact coverage: a systematic review of published and grey literature. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2023;19(3):2279394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21645515.2023.2279394.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"1357_CR7","unstructured":"EHMA call to action: establishing a European vaccination coverage target for pneumococcal disease in adults. EHMA."},{"key":"1357_CR8","unstructured":"The Steering Group on Prevention of Respiratory Infections. Towards a council recommendation on the value of immunization against respiratory infections. Accessed 9 Mar 2026."},{"key":"1357_CR9","unstructured":"THL, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Riskiryhmien pneumokokkirokotukset. https:\/\/thl.fi\/aiheet\/infektiotaudit-ja-rokotukset\/rokotteet-ao\/pneumokokkirokotteet\/riskiryhmien-pneumokokkirokotukset. Accessed 11 Feb 2026."},{"key":"1357_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-014-0229-6","volume":"32","author":"TT Dang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dang TT, Majumdar SR, Marrie TJ, et\u00a0al. Recurrent pneumonia: a review with focus on clinical epidemiology and modifiable risk factors in elderly patients. Drugs Aging. 2015;32:13\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-014-0229-6.","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"1357_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001048","volume":"8","author":"VF Corrales-Medina","year":"2011","unstructured":"Corrales-Medina VF, Suh KN, Rose G, Chirinos JA, Doucette S, Cameron DW, et\u00a0al. Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PLoS Med. 2011;8:e1001048.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1357_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18229","volume":"313","author":"VF Corrales-Medina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Corrales-Medina VF, Alvarez KN, Weissfeld LA, Angus DC, Chirinos JA, Chang C-CH, et\u00a0al. Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA. 2015;313:264\u201374.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01794-2017","volume":"51","author":"C Warren-Gash","year":"2018","unstructured":"Warren-Gash C, Blackburn R, Whitaker H, McMenamin J, Hayward AC. Laboratory-confirmed respiratory infections as triggers for acute myocardial infarction and stroke: a self-controlled case series analysis of national linked datasets from Scotland. Eur Respir J. 2018;51:1701794.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e711","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1427","volume":"72","author":"HF Africano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Africano HF, Serrano-Mayorga CC, Ramirez-Valbuena PC, Bustos IG, Bastidas A, Vargas HA, et\u00a0al. Major adverse cardiovascular events during invasive pneumococcal disease are serotype dependent. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(11):e711\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1427.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwae344","volume":"32","author":"EMJ Pedersen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pedersen EMJ, Yonis H, Egelund GB, Lohse N, Torp-Pedersen C, Lindegaard B, et\u00a0al. Severe infections as risk factors for acute myocardial infarction: a nationwide, Danish cohort study from 1987 to 2018. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2025;32(8):661\u201370.","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2023.2261785","volume":"22","author":"E Tsoumani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsoumani E, Carter JA, Salomonsson S, Stephens JM, Bencina G. Clinical, economic, and humanistic burden of community acquired pneumonia in Europe: a systematic literature review. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2023;22(1):876\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14760584.2023.2261785.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"issue":"1","key":"1357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2023.2176679","volume":"26","author":"R O\u2019Reilly","year":"2023","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly R, Lu H, Kwong JC, McGeer A, To T, Sander B. The epidemiology and healthcare costs of community-acquired pneumonia in Ontario, Canada: a population-based cohort study. J Med Econ. 2023;26(1):293\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2023.2176679.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"1357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2025.2458957","author":"MD Bailey","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bailey MD, Farge G, Brunel MB, Mohanty S, Roy G, de Pouvourville G, et\u00a0al. Assessing the economic impact and healthcare resource utilization of inpatient pneumococcal disease among adults: a French national claims database study. J Med Econ. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13696998.2025.2458957.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"issue":"8","key":"1357_CR19","first-page":"494","volume":"6","author":"J Broulette","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broulette J, Yu H, Pyenson B, Iwasaki K, Sato R. The incidence rate and economic burden of community-acquired pneumonia in a working-age population. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2013;6(8):494\u2013503.","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits"},{"key":"1357_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2013.876509","volume":"46","author":"AA Palmu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Palmu AA, Saukkoriipi A, Snellman M, Jokinen J, Torkko P, Ziegler T, et\u00a0al. Incidence and etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly in a prospective population-based study. Scand J Infect Dis. 2014;46:250\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365548.2013.876509.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1357_CR21","volume":"81","author":"M P\u00f6lkki","year":"2026","unstructured":"P\u00f6lkki M, Korhonen MJ, Anttila V-J, Klemets P, Peltonen EJ, Kalaoja M, et\u00a0al. Adult pneumonia is a significant burden on healthcare\u2014register study in 2016-2022. Suom L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4ril. 2026;81:e47437.","journal-title":"Suom L\u00e4\u00e4k\u00e4ril"},{"issue":"41","key":"1357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5950","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2022.08.047","volume":"40","author":"JP Nuorti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nuorti JP, Rinta-Kokko H, Toropainen M, Siira L, Nohynek H, Palmu AA. Long-term population impact of infant 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in adults in Finland. Vaccine. 2022;40(41):5950\u20138.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1357_CR23","unstructured":"M\u00e4klin S, Kokko P. Terveydenhuollon yksikk\u00f6kustannukset 2017. THL -Ty\u00f6paperi 21\/2020. https:\/\/urn.fi\/URN:ISBN:978-952-343-493-6. Accessed 4 Feb 2026."},{"key":"1357_CR24","unstructured":"Salo H. Economic evaluations in adopting new vaccines in the Finnish national vaccination programme. Doctoral dissertation, Helsinki 2017."},{"issue":"2","key":"1357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/23120541.00707-2021","volume":"8","author":"P Holma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Holma P, Pesonen P, Mustonen O, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Kauma H, Auvinen J, et\u00a0al. 52-year follow-up of a birth cohort reveals a high pneumonia incidence among young men. ERJ Open Res. 2022;8(2):00707-2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/23120541.00707-2021.","journal-title":"ERJ Open Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"1357_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0060273","volume":"8","author":"MA Said","year":"2013","unstructured":"Said MA, Johnson HL, Nonyane BA, Deloria-Knoll M, O\u2019Brien KL, AGEDD Adult Pneumococcal Burden Study Team, et\u00a0al. Estimating the burden of pneumococcal pneumonia among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic techniques. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(4):e60273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0060273. (Epub 2013).","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.007","volume":"137","author":"A Torres","year":"2018","unstructured":"Torres A, Cill\u00f3niz C, Blasi F, Chalmers JD, Gaillat J, Dartois N, et\u00a0al. Burden of pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in adults across Europe: a literature review. Respir Med. 2018;137:6\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rmed.2018.02.007.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"1357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2023.OA4864","author":"L Hessels","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hessels L, Hullegie S, Jahja R. Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Europe during the COVID-19 pandemic\u2014preliminary results of PNEUMO study Europe. Eur Respir J. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.congress-2023.OA4864.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0120290","volume":"10","author":"J Jokinen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jokinen J, Rinta-Kokko H, Siira L, et\u00a0al. Impact of ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in Finnish children\u2014a population-based study. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0120290.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1357_CR30","unstructured":"THL, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare. Incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Finland. 2023. https:\/\/thl.fi\/en\/research-and-development\/research-and-projects\/monitoring-the-population-effectiveness-of-pneumococcal-conjugate-vaccination-in-the-finnish-national-vaccination-programme\/incidence-of-invasive-pneumococcal-disease-in-finland. Accessed 4 Feb 2026"},{"key":"1357_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211767","volume":"74","author":"G Hanquet","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanquet G, Krizova P, Valentiner-Branth P, Ladhani SN, Nuorti JP, Lepoutre A, et\u00a0al. Effect of childhood pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive disease in older adults of 10 European countries: implications for adult vaccination. Thorax. 2019;74:473\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2018-211767.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"1357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2801.210734","volume":"28","author":"G Hanquet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hanquet G, Krizova P, Dalby T, Ladhani SN, Nuorti JP, Danis K, et\u00a0al. Serotype replacement after introduction of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in 10 countries Europe. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(1):137\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2801.210734.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:33:12Z","timestamp":1781803992000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01357-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Jenni Kononoff is an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA, and may hold stock or stock options in Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA. Veli-Jukka Anttila has received lecture fees from MSD, Pfizer, Roche, GSK, BMS, Biogen, Sanofi, Novartis, and Tillotts and personal fees for consulting or advisory boards from MSD, Pfizer and Tillotts. Peter Klemets has received grants\/contracts from MSD and Pfizer, support for attending meeting\/travel from MSD. Marita Kalaoja, Mari P\u00f6lkki, and Maarit J. Korhonen are employees of Oriola Finland Oy.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This retrospective secondary registry data was permitted by Findata, the Social and Health Data Permit Authority (permit diary numbers: THL\/3226\/14.02.00\/2022, THL\/2333\/14.06.00\/2024, THL\/3005\/14.06.00.2024, and THL\/2792\/14.02.00\/2025). Study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, national legislation and regulations of Finland, legislation of European Union (EU), and the International Society of for Pharmacoepidemiology and Guideline for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practice. Ethical evaluation was provided by the permit authority, Findata. According to the local legislation of the Finnish Act on the Secondary Use of Health and Social Data (552\/2019), secondary use of registry data is considered as noninterventional study, and no further evaluations were required. In accordance with the Findata data protection policies, individual level results (\n                      N\n                      \u2009<\u20093) are not reported. Anonymity of the results was inspected prior to publication by the permit authority. All individual-level data and analytic datasets were handled in secured environment provided by the permit author.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}