{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:55:54Z","timestamp":1789433754900,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"NO"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T09:48:27Z","timestamp":1779270507000},"page":"2009-2016","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Due to ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Successfully Treated with Cefepime\/Enmetazobactam: A European Case Report"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bruno","family":"Viaggi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Giani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Palomba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Gori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Farese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Maria","family":"Rossolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5939-9576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Colaneri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1360_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae403","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tamma PD, Heil EL, Justo JA, Mathers AJ, Satlin MJ, Bonomo RA. Infectious Diseases Society of America 2024 guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciae403.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1360_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.11.025","volume":"28","author":"M Paul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Paul M, Carrara E, Retamar P, T\u00e4ngd\u00e9n T, Bitterman R, Bonomo RA, et\u00a0al. European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) guidelines for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (endorsed by European Society of Intensive Care Medicine). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2022;28(4):521\u201347.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"10","key":"1360_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5131","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00607-13","volume":"57","author":"M McLaughlin","year":"2013","unstructured":"McLaughlin M, Advincula MR, Malczynski M, Qi C, Bolon M, Scheetz MH. Correlations of antibiotic use and carbapenem resistance in enterobacteriaceae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57(10):5131\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/aac.00607-13.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70146","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.70146","volume":"134","author":"L Castellano-S\u00e1nchez","year":"2026","unstructured":"Castellano-S\u00e1nchez L, Aguilera-Franco M, Albend\u00edn-Moreno M, Olvera-Porcel MDC, Rosales-Castillo A, Navarro-Mar\u00ed JM, et\u00a0al. Cefepime\/enmetazobactam as a carbapenem-sparing alternative: activity against extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing enterobacteria with and without carbapenemases in southern Spain. APMIS. 2026;134(1):e70146.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116993","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116993","volume":"113","author":"YD Bakthavatchalam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bakthavatchalam YD, Shankar A, Abdullah F, Srinivasan D, Ragothaman H, KrishnaMoorthy S, et\u00a0al. In-vitro activity of cefepime\/enmetazobactam against extended spectrum beta-lactamases and\/or ampC producing Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa collected across India. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025;113(3):116993.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1360_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.3390\/ph19020283","volume":"19","author":"D Carcione","year":"2026","unstructured":"Carcione D, Brigante G, Carducci A, Intra J, Ambretti S, Campanile F, et\u00a0al. Cefepime and new cefepime\/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination for the treatment of gram-negative bacteria: chemical structure and mechanism of action, microbiological target, clinical use and PK\/PD characteristics. Pharmaceuticals. 2026;19(2):283.","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01468","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01468-20","volume":"65","author":"S Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das S, Fitzgerald R, Ullah A, Bula M, Collins AM, Mitsi E, et\u00a0al. Intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics of cefepime and enmetazobactam in healthy volunteers: towards new treatments for nosocomial pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;65(1):e01468-e1520.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"1360_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.12163","volume":"320","author":"PNA Harris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris PNA, Tambyah PA, Lye DC, Mo Y, Lee TH, Yilmaz M, et\u00a0al. Effect of piperacillin-tazobactam vs meropenem on 30-day mortality for patients with E. coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection and ceftriaxone resistance: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(10):984\u201394.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000598","volume":"32","author":"S Corcione","year":"2019","unstructured":"Corcione S, Lupia T, Maraolo AE, Mornese Pinna S, Gentile I, De Rosa FG. Carbapenem-sparing strategy: carbapenemase, treatment, and stewardship. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2019;32(6):663\u201373.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"1360_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkab073","volume":"76","author":"R \u00c1lvarez-Mar\u00edn","year":"2021","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez-Mar\u00edn R, L\u00f3pez-Cerero L, Guerrero-S\u00e1nchez F, Palop-Borras B, Rojo-Mart\u00edn MD, Ruiz-Sancho A, et\u00a0al. Do specific antimicrobial stewardship interventions have an impact on carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli? A multicentre quasi-experimental ecological study: time-trend analysis and characterization of carbapenemases. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76(7):1928\u201336.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"1360_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00514","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00514-19","volume":"63","author":"I Morrissey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrissey I, Magnet S, Hawser S, Shapiro S, Knechtle P. In vitro activity of cefepime-enmetazobactam against gram-negative isolates collected from U.S. and European hospitals during 2014\u20132015. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;63(7):e00514-e519.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"13","key":"1360_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.17034","volume":"328","author":"KS Kaye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaye KS, Belley A, Barth P, Lahlou O, Knechtle P, Motta P, et\u00a0al. Effect of cefepime\/enmetazobactam vs piperacillin\/tazobactam on clinical cure and microbiological eradication in patients with complicated urinary tract infection or acute pyelonephritis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2022;328(13):1304\u201314.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"1360_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00180","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00180-20","volume":"64","author":"A Johnson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johnson A, McEntee L, Farrington N, Kolamunnage-Dona R, Franzoni S, Vezzelli A, et\u00a0al. Pharmacodynamics of cefepime combined with the novel extended-spectrum-\u03b2-lactamase (ESBL) inhibitor enmetazobactam for murine pneumonia caused by ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2020;64(6):e00180-e220.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00115-20","volume":"34","author":"D Yahav","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yahav D, Giske CG, Gramatniece A, Abodakpi H, Tam VH, Leibovici L. New \u03b2-lactam\u2013\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(1):1\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00115-20.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1360_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa511","volume":"76","author":"B Isler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Isler B, Harris P, Stewart AG, Paterson DL. An update on cefepime and its future role in combination with novel \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors for MDR Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021;76(3):550\u201360.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"12","key":"1360_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0234524","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02345-24","volume":"12","author":"S Albac","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albac S, Anzala N, Chavanet P, Dunkel N, Quevedo J, Santerre Henriksen A, et\u00a0al. In vivo efficacy of enmetazobactam combined with cefepime in a murine pneumonia model induced by OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12(12):e0234524.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr."},{"issue":"1","key":"1360_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9785","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-90762-1","volume":"15","author":"YM Wi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wi YM, Choi JY, Lee DE, Jun SH, Kwon KT, Ko KS. Antimicrobial activity of cephamycins and \u03b2-lactam\/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitors against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae under standard and high bacterial inocula. Sci Rep. 2025;15(1):9785.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T17:33:11Z","timestamp":1781803991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1360"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01360-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Bruno Viaggi has the following conflicts of interest: Abbott, Accelerate Diagnostics, Ada, Advanz Pharma, Alifax, Angelini, Becton Dickinson, Bellco, Biomerieux, Biotest, Cepheid, Correvio, Dasit, Diasorin, Emmegi Diagnostica, Gilead, InfectoPharm, Menarini, MercK Sharp & Dohme, Mundipharma, Nordic Pharma, Pfizer, Roche Diagnostics, Shionogi, Thermofischer Scientific, and Viatris. Gianmaria Rossolini reports grants or contracts to the laboratory from Ada, Alifax, Angelini, Arrow Diagnostics, Biomedical Service, bioM\u00e9rieux, Cepheid, Copan, Menarini , MSD, Qlinea, Qvella, SD Biosensor, Seegene, and Shionogi; consulting fees from Advanz Pharma, bioM\u00e9rieux, Deepull, MSD, and Viatris; honoraria for lectures, presentations, manuscript writing, or educational events from bioM\u00e9rieux, Menarini, MSD, Pfizer, Shionogi, and Relab. Tommaso Giani reports grants or contracts to the laboratory from Alifax, Angelini, Arrow Diagnostics, bioM\u00e9rieux, Menarini, and MSD, and consulting fees from Advanz Pharma, and bioM\u00e9rieux. Emanuele Palomba, Andrea Gori, Alberto Farese, and Marta Colaneri declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The treatment was administered as an Early Access Program and approved by a local ethics committee. Written informed consent for treatment and publication was obtained from the patient\u2019s legal representatives, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}