{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:16:14Z","timestamp":1783617374384,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]],"date-time":"2026-06-21T05:06:21Z","timestamp":1782018381000},"page":"2199-2221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Forecasting the Multidimensional Burdens of Hospital Admissions in LRTIs and COPD: Projections of Healthcare Expenditures, Resource Utilization, and Socioeconomic and Environmental Outcomes for Switzerland"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7947-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desiree","family":"Schnidrig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1648-0515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Campbell-James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-0638-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josia D.","family":"Schramm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9340-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noel","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3088-7197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay","family":"Nicholson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7764-1056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel","family":"Fries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5702-9160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel C.","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5554-0675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg D.","family":"Leuppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6097-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick E.","family":"Beeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1377_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7","volume":"10","author":"D Adeloye","year":"2022","unstructured":"Adeloye D, Song P, Zhu Y, Campbell H, Sheikh A, Rudan I. Global, regional, and national prevalence of, and risk factors for, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in 2019: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2022;10(5):447\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(21)00511-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1377_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2","volume":"24","author":"RG Bender","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bender RG, Sirota SB, Swetschinski LR, Dominguez RMV, Novotney A, Wool EE, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Infect Dis. 2024;24(9):974\u20131002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00176-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00689-9","volume":"26","author":"SB Sirota","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sirota SB, Bender RG, Dominguez RMV, Movo A, Swetschinski LR, Araki DT, et al. Global burden of lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990\u20132023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet Infect Dis. 2026;26(4):343\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00689-9.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1377_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-025-02699-2","volume":"54","author":"S Etienne","year":"2026","unstructured":"Etienne S, Albrich WC, Pletz MW, Panning M, Suarez Domenech V, Eberhardt F, et al. Pathogen identification and outcome in adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia in Switzerland: findings from the Swiss CAPNETZ cohort study. Infection. 2026;54(2):717\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s15010-025-02699-2.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"11","key":"1377_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v17111407","volume":"17","author":"ED Bally-von Passavant","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bally-von Passavant ED, Joseph N, Kr\u00e4utler NJ, McCarthy-Pontier D, L\u00fcthi-Corridori G, Jaun F, et al. Burden and characteristics of RSV-associated hospitalizations in Switzerland: a nationwide analysis from 2017 to 2023. Viruses. 2025;17(11):1407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v17111407.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-023-00904-z","volume":"13","author":"D Weycker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weycker D, Averin A, Houde L, Ottino K, Shea K, Sato R, et al. Rates of lower respiratory tract illness in US adults by age and comorbidity profile. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(1):207\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-023-00904-z.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"1377_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598","volume":"6","author":"E Boers","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boers E, Barrett M, Su JG, Benjafield AV, Sinha S, Kaye L, et al. Global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease through 2050. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(12):e2346598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.46598.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1159\/000490551","volume":"96","author":"D Stolz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stolz D, Barandun J, Borer H, Bridevaux PO, Brun P, Brutsche M, et al. Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of stable COPD and acute exacerbations of COPD: The Swiss Recommendations 2018. Respiration. 2018;96(4):382\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000490551.","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"1377_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-13687-5","author":"D Bukanova-Berend","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bukanova-Berend D, Campbell-James T, Vogel J. Hospitalizations and inpatient resource consumption of patients suffering from chronic disease \u2013 past trend and forecast for Switzerland. BMC Health Serv Res. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-13687-5.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1377_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2016.14381","volume":"146","author":"AM Vicedo-Cabrera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vicedo-Cabrera AM, R\u00f6\u00f6sli M, Radovanovic D, Grize L, Witassek F, Schindler C, et al. Cardiorespiratory hospitalisation and mortality reductions after smoking bans in Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly. 2016;146:w14381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2016.14381.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"8","key":"1377_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2005.052241","volume":"61","author":"MH Brutsche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brutsche MH. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the development of asthma and COPD in asymptomatic individuals: SAPALDIA Cohort Study. Thorax. 2006;61(8):671\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.2005.052241.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"1377_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00004110","volume":"36","author":"PO Bridevaux","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bridevaux PO, Probst-Hensch NM, Schindler C, Curjuric I, Felber Dietrich D, Braendli O, et al. Prevalence of airflow obstruction in smokers and never-smokers in Switzerland. Eur Respir J. 2010;36(6):1259\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/09031936.00004110.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"2728","key":"1377_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2017.14460","volume":"147","author":"J Tschopp","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tschopp J, Dumont P, Hayoz D. True prevalence of COPD and its association with peripheral arterial disease in the internal medicine ward of a tertiary care hospital. Swiss Med Wkly. 2017;147(2728):w14460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4414\/smw.2017.14460.","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"issue":"9","key":"1377_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.770","volume":"172","author":"WC Albrich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albrich WC, Dusemund F, Bucher B, Meyer S, Thomann R, K\u00fchn F. Effectiveness and safety of procalcitonin-guided antibiotic therapy in lower respiratory tract infections in \u2018real life\u2019: an international, multicenter poststudy survey (ProREAL). Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(9):715\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.770.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"1377_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-023-07795-y","author":"C Bessat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bessat C, Bingisser R, Schwendinger M, Bulaty T, Fournier Y, Della Santa V, et al. PLUS-IS-LESS project: procalcitonin and lung ultrasonography-based antibiotherapy in patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Swiss emergency departments: study protocol for a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Trials. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13063-023-07795-y.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-10124-3","volume":"23","author":"M Stucki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Stucki M, Sch\u00e4rer X, Trottmann M, Scholz-Odermatt S, Wieser S. What drives health care spending in Switzerland? Findings from a decomposition by disease, health service, sex, and age. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):1149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-10124-3.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1377_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104803","volume":"132","author":"I Torrini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Torrini I, Lucifora C, Russo AG. The long-term effects of hospitalization on health care expenditures: An empirical analysis for the young-old population in Lombardy. Health Policy. 2023;132:104803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.healthpol.2023.104803.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"1377_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127199","volume":"10","author":"JT Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee JT, Hamid F, Pati S, Atun R, Millett C. Impact of noncommunicable disease multimorbidity on healthcare utilisation and out-of-pocket expenditures in middle-income countries: cross-sectional analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0127199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127199.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1377_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf012","volume":"35","author":"B Polanco","year":"2025","unstructured":"Polanco B, O\u00f1a A, Gemperli A, Pacheco Barzallo D. Excess healthcare utilization and costs linked to chronic conditions: a comparative study of nine European countries. Eur J Pub Health. 2025;35(2):216\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckaf012.","journal-title":"Eur J Pub Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"1377_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0714","volume":"32","author":"TM Dall","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dall TM, Gallo PD, Chakrabarti R, West T, Semilla AP, Storm MV. An aging population and growing disease burden will require aLarge and specialized health care workforce by 2025. Health Aff. 2013;32(11):2013\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2013.0714.","journal-title":"Health Aff"},{"issue":"17","key":"1377_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.15927","volume":"318","author":"JL Dieleman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dieleman JL, Squires E, Bui AL, Campbell M, Chapin A, Hamavid H, et al. Factors associated with increases in US health care spending, 1996-2013. JAMA. 2017;318(17):1668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2017.15927.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-023-09926-2","volume":"23","author":"A Bruyneel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bruyneel A, Larcin L, Martins D, Van Den Bulcke J, Leclercq P, Pirson M. Cost comparisons and factors related to cost per stay in intensive care units in Belgium. BMC Health Serv Res. 2023;23(1):986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-023-09926-2.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1792-0","volume":"21","author":"F Lindemark","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lindemark F, Haaland \u00d8A, Kv\u00e5le R, Flaatten H, Norheim OF, Johansson KA. Costs and expected gain in lifetime health from intensive care versus general ward care of 30,712 individual patients: a distribution-weighted cost-effectiveness analysis. Crit Care. 2017;21(1):220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-017-1792-0.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1377_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5952","volume":"11","author":"O Moerer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moerer O, Plock E, Mgbor U, Schmid A, Schneider H, Wischnewsky MB, et al. A German national prevalence study on the cost of intensive care: an evaluation from 51 intensive care units. Crit Care. 2007;11(3):R69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc5952.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1377_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2021-069044","volume":"381","author":"H Baid","year":"2023","unstructured":"Baid H, Damm E, Trent L, McGain F. Towards net zero: critical care. BMJ. 2023;381:e069044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj-2021-069044.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1377_CR26","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Alliance for Transformative Action on Climate and Health (ATACH) [Internet]. [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/initiatives\/alliance-for-transformative-action-on-climate-and-health\/commitments"},{"key":"1377_CR27","unstructured":"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Statistik (BFS). Medizinische Statistik der Krankenh\u00e4user [Internet]. [cited 2025 Oct 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/de\/home\/statistiken\/gesundheit\/erhebungen\/ms.html"},{"key":"1377_CR28","unstructured":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement guidelines for reporting observational studies."},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-00949-8","volume":"13","author":"G Hanquet","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hanquet G, Theilacker C, Vietri J, Sep\u00falveda-Pach\u00f3n I, Menon S, Gessner B, et al. Best practices for identifying hospitalized lower respiratory tract infections using administrative data: a systematic literature review of validation studies. Infect Dis Ther. 2024;13(4):921\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-024-00949-8.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"1377_CR30","unstructured":"Demographic balance by age and canton [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Oct 15]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/population.assetdetail.36074768.html"},{"key":"1377_CR31","unstructured":"FSO, FSO. Szenarien zur Bev\u00f6lkerungsentwicklung der Kantone 2025\u20132055 - zuk\u00fcnftige Bev\u00f6lkerungsentwicklung nach Kanton, Szenario-Variante, Staatsangeh\u00f6rigkeit (Kategorie), Geschlecht und Altersklasse [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 May 19]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/de\/home\/statistiken\/bevoelkerung\/erhebungen\/szenarien.assetdetail.34687262.html"},{"key":"1377_CR32","unstructured":"SwissDRG AG. Fallpauschalenkatalog SwissDRG 12.0 Abrechnungsversion (2023\/2023) [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.swissdrg.org\/de\/akutsomatik\/archiv-swissdrg-system\/swissdrg-system-1202023"},{"key":"1377_CR33","unstructured":"SwissDRG AG. SwissDRG Terminology [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.swissdrg.org\/de\/ueber-uns\/kommunikation-1\/wichtige-begriffe"},{"key":"1377_CR34","unstructured":"SwissDRG AG. ST Reha Version 1.0 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Dec 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.swissdrg.org\/application\/files\/1416\/2218\/0442\/Bericht_zur_Entwicklung_der_Tarifstruktur_ST_Reha_Version_1.0_Publikation_Website.pdf"},{"key":"1377_CR35","unstructured":"Konferenz der kantonalen Gesundheitsdirektorinnen und \u2011direktoren (GDK). Station\u00e4re Tarife [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.gdk-cds.ch\/de\/krankenversicherung\/tarife\/stationaere-tarife"},{"key":"1377_CR36","unstructured":"SwissDRG AG. Batchgrouper Output Formats | SwissDRG Grouper Documentation [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https:\/\/grouper-docs.swissdrg.org\/batchgrouper\/formats\/output_formats.html#swissdrg-batchgrouper-output"},{"key":"1377_CR37","unstructured":"SwissDRG AG. RCG-Katalog ST Reha 1.0\/2022,2023 [Internet]. [cited 2025 Nov 17]. Available from: https:\/\/www.swissdrg.org\/de\/rehabilitation\/st-reha-system-1020222023\/rcg-katalog"},{"key":"1377_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-026-03519-1","author":"T Campbell-James","year":"2026","unstructured":"Campbell-James T, Buff S, Nanchen G, Hall A, Rosemann T, Nicholson L, et al. System preparedness for rising kidney replacement therapy demand: late-stage CKD drives costs, healthcare resource utilisation and environmental impact in Switzerland. Adv Ther. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-026-03519-1.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"1377_CR39","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Economic activity rate and Economic activity rate in full-time equivalents (FTE) by sex, nationality and age [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/work-income\/employment-working-hours\/age-generations-retirement-health\/employment-retirement\/activity-rate-employment-status-50-74-year-olds.assetdetail.32011323.html"},{"key":"1377_CR40","unstructured":"Eurostat. Employment rates by citizenship [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/databrowser\/view\/lfsa_ergan__custom_20732105\/default\/table"},{"key":"1377_CR41","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Standardised activity rate [Internet]. 2026 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/economic-social-situation-population\/gender-equality\/paid-employment\/economic-activity-rate.assetdetail.36326336.html"},{"key":"1377_CR42","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Average age on leaving the labour market [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/work-income\/employment-working-hours\/age-generations-retirement-health\/employment-retirement\/average-age-leaving-labour-market.html"},{"key":"1377_CR43","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Structure of hourly labour costs by economic section and enterprise size [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/work-income\/wages-income-employment-labour-costs\/labour-costs.assetdetail.23569264.html"},{"key":"1377_CR44","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office. Actual hours worked [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.bfs.admin.ch\/bfs\/en\/home\/statistics\/work-income\/employment-working-hours\/working-hours\/actual-hours-worked.html"},{"key":"1377_CR45","unstructured":"OECD. GDP per hour worked [Internet]. [cited 2026 Apr 8]. Available from: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/indicators\/gdp-per-hour-worked.html"},{"key":"1377_CR46","unstructured":"OECD. Hours worked per year [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/indicators\/hours-worked.html"},{"key":"1377_CR47","unstructured":"OECD. Taxing Wages 2025: Decomposition of Personal Income Taxes and the Role of Tax Reliefs [Internet]. 2025 [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/content\/dam\/oecd\/en\/publications\/reports\/2025\/04\/taxing-wages-2025_20d1a01d\/b3a95829-en.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-024-03039-w","volume":"42","author":"JJ Garcia Sanchez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Garcia Sanchez JJ, Barraclough KA, Cases A, Pecoits-Filho R, Germond-Duret C, Zoccali C, et al. Using chronic kidney disease as a model framework to estimate healthcare-related environmental impact. Adv Ther. 2025;42(1):348\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12325-024-03039-w.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"11","key":"1377_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.08.015","volume":"9","author":"S Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown S, Garcia Sanchez JJ, Guiang H, Priest S, Wheeler DC, Moura AF, et al. IMPACT CKD: holistic disease model projecting 10-year population burdens. Kidney Int Rep. 2024;9(11):3156\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2024.08.015.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"key":"1377_CR50","unstructured":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Prevention Quality Indicator 05 (PQI 05) Chronic ObstructivePulmonary Disease (COPD) or Asthma in Older Adults. [Internet]. [cited 2026 Apr 10]. Available from: https:\/\/qualityindicators.ahrq.gov\/Downloads\/Modules\/PQI\/V2025\/TechSpecs\/PQI_05_Chronic_Obstructive_Pulmonary_Disease_(COPD)_or_Asthma_in_Older_Adults_Admission_Rate.pdf"},{"issue":"11","key":"1377_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182534.19832.83","volume":"43","author":"H Quan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfon P, Fong A, Burnand B, Luthi JC, et al. Coding algorithms for defining comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 administrative data. Med Care. 2005;43(11):1130\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1377_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2025.03.029","volume":"168","author":"E Boers","year":"2025","unstructured":"Boers E, Allen A, Barrett M, Benjafield AV, Rice MB, Wedzicha JA, et al. Forecasting the global economic and health burden of COPD from 2025 through 2050. Chest. 2025;168(4):880\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chest.2025.03.029.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10258","key":"1377_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","volume":"396","author":"T Vos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vos T, Lim SS, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi M, Abbasifard M, et al. Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet. 2020;396(10258):1204\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-018-0430-6","volume":"8","author":"L Laporte","year":"2018","unstructured":"Laporte L, Hermetet C, Jouan Y, Gaborit C, Rouve E, Shea KM, et al. Ten-year trends in intensive care admissions for respiratory infections in the elderly. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13613-018-0430-6.","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01255-7","volume":"15","author":"C Liang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liang C, Zhou Y, Kent M, Chilson EL, Gessner BD, Begier E. Intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation among adults with respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalization by age and comorbidity status. Infect Dis Ther. 2026;15(1):101\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01255-7.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0518-0","volume":"17","author":"LA Ruiz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruiz LA, Espa\u00f1a PP, G\u00f3mez A, Bilbao A, Jaca C, Ar\u00e1mburu A, et al. Age-related differences in management and outcomes in hospitalized healthy and well-functioning bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia patients: a cohort study. BMC Geriatr. 2017;17(1):130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12877-017-0518-0.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"1377_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-025-01148-9","volume":"14","author":"G Scaglione","year":"2025","unstructured":"Scaglione G, Canuti M, Offer M, Breschi V, Piralla A, Baldanti F, et al. Burden and outcomes of severe lower respiratory tract infections with unknown etiology: a retrospective observational study on epidemiological trends over an 8-year period (2016\u20132024). Infect Dis Ther. 2025;14(5):1075\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-025-01148-9.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1377_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255659","volume":"16","author":"JS Alqahtani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alqahtani JS, Oyelade T, Aldhahir AM, Mendes RG, Alghamdi SM, Miravitlles M, et al. Reduction in hospitalised COPD exacerbations during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(8):e0255659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0255659.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1377_CR59","unstructured":"ICAO. ICAO Carbon Emissions Calculator (ICEC) [Internet]. [cited 2026 Apr 7]. Available from: https:\/\/www.icao.int\/environmental-protection\/environmental-tools\/icec"},{"key":"1377_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936","volume":"59","author":"S Momtazmanesh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Momtazmanesh S, Moghaddam SS, Ghamari SH, Rad EM, Rezaei N, Shobeiri P, et al. Global burden of chronic respiratory diseases and risk factors, 1990\u20132019: an update from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. eClinicalMedicine. 2023;59:101936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2023.101936.","journal-title":"eClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1377_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.028","volume":"58","author":"DN Bhatta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhatta DN, Glantz SA. Association of e-cigarette use with respiratory disease among adults: a longitudinal analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2020;58(2):182\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2019.07.028.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"1377_CR62","unstructured":"Federal Statistical Office (FSO). Prevalence of tobacco consumption [Internet]. [cited 2026 May 18]. Available from: https:\/\/ind.obsan.admin.ch\/en\/indicator\/monam\/tobacco-consumption-age-15"},{"issue":"8","key":"1377_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219039","volume":"78","author":"H Whittaker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Whittaker H, Nordon C, Rubino A, Morris T, Xu Y, De Nigris E, et al. Frequency and severity of respiratory infections prior to COPD diagnosis and risk of subsequent postdiagnosis COPD exacerbations and mortality: EXACOS-UK health care data study. Thorax. 2023;78(8):760\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thorax-2022-219039.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"1377_CR64","unstructured":"AstraZeneca. NCT05624450 [Internet]. Efficacy and Safety of Tozorakimab in Patients Hospitalised for Viral Lung Infection Requiring Supplemental Oxygen (TILIA). Available from: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05624450"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"1377_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.23785\/PRAXIS.2024.11.003","volume":"113","author":"M Boesing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boesing M, Albrich W, Bridevaux PO, Charbonnier F, Clarenbach C, Fellrath JM, et al. Vaccination in adult patients with chronic lung diseases. Praxis (Bern 1994). 2024;113(11\u201312):297\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23785\/PRAXIS.2024.11.003.","journal-title":"Praxis (Bern 1994)"},{"key":"1377_CR66","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). POCKET GUIDE TO COPD DIAGNOSIS, MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION: 2026 Report [Internet]. 2026. Available from: https:\/\/goldcopd.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/01\/GOLD-Pocket-Guide-2026-v1.1-20Nov2025_WMV2.pdf"},{"issue":"8","key":"1377_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202308-1320OC","volume":"210","author":"DJ Wiseman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiseman DJ, Thwaites RS, Ritchie AI, Finney L, Macleod M, Kamal F, et al. Respiratory syncytial virus-related community chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations and novel diagnostics: a binational prospective cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2024;210(8):994\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1164\/rccm.202308-1320OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1377_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2024.0182","volume":"88","author":"SH Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim SH, Lee H, Kim MJ, Kang MG, Kim JS, Jang JG, et al. Effects of vaccination on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2025;88(3):526\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4046\/trd.2024.0182.","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1377_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158727","volume":"11","author":"M Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Santib\u00e1\u00f1ez M, Garrastazu R, Ruiz-Nu\u00f1ez M, Helguera JM, Arenal S, Bonnardeux C, et al. Predictors of hospitalized exacerbations and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(6):e0158727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158727.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"1377_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.13.0177","volume":"17","author":"S Vidal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vidal S, Gonz\u00e1lez N, Barrio I, Rivas-Ruiz F, Bar\u00e9 M, Blasco JA, et al. Predictors of hospital admission in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2013;17(12):1632\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5588\/ijtld.13.0177.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1377_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019425","volume":"8","author":"CX Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu CX, Hwang CH, Tan WS, Tai KP, Kwek LSL, Chee TG, et al. Effectiveness of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease integrated care pathway in a regional health system: a propensity score matched cohort study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(3):e019425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019425.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"1377_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1584316","volume":"12","author":"M Zhan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhan M, Chen J, Zhang H. Effectiveness of community-based management models in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med. 2025;12:1584316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2025.1584316.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1377_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.6.551","volume":"167","author":"SG Adams","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adams SG, Smith PK, Allan PF, Anzueto A, Pugh JA, Cornell JE. Systematic review of the chronic care model in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and management. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(6):551\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archinte.167.6.551.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"1377_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12206636","volume":"12","author":"V Mangold","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mangold V, Boesing M, Berset C, Bridevaux PO, Geiser T, Joos Zellweger L, et al. Adherence to the GOLD guidelines in primary care: data from the Swiss COPD cohort. J Clin Med. 2023;12(20):6636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm12206636.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1377_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S145496","volume":"12","author":"S Markun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Markun S, Franzen DP, Dalla Lana K, Beyer S, Wieser S, Hess T, et al. Acute exacerbated COPD: room for improvement in key elements of care. COPD. 2017;12:2969\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/COPD.S145496.","journal-title":"COPD"},{"issue":"1","key":"1377_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010019","volume":"13","author":"M Boesing","year":"2023","unstructured":"Boesing M, Ottensarendt N, L\u00fcthi-Corridori G, Leuppi JD. The management of acute exacerbations in COPD: a retrospective observational study and clinical audit. J Clin Med. 2023;13(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13010019.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T17:06:22Z","timestamp":1783616782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1377"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01377-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"At the time of redaction, Thomas Campbell-James and Michel Fries were employed by AstraZeneca Switzerland. Desiree Schnidrig received fees from AstraZeneca Switzerland for this study. Maverex Limited received consulting fees to support the development of environmental input calculations. At the time of redaction, Lindsay Nicholson was employed by Maverex. J\u00f6rg D. Leuppi reports having received unrestricted grants from AstraZeneca Switzerland, GSK Switzerland, OM Pharma Switzerland, and Sanofi Switzerland. Patrick E. Beeler received fees from AstraZeneca for this study and for other advisory and research work. Josia D. Schramm, Noel Ackermann, and Samuel C. Robson have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Only anonymized data were utilized, making individual identification impossible. The study conformed with Swiss law, ethical review, and research policies,\u00a0adhering to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}