{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:47:32Z","timestamp":1791856052853,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infect Dis Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:30:50Z","timestamp":1787909450000},"page":"3191-3210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Real-World Therapy with Eravacycline for Complex Infections Caused by Carbapenem-Resistant Pathogens with a Focus on Patients with Severe Burns"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sven","family":"Kalbitz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Gille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6942-5785","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"L\u00fcbbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1431_CR1","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050. Lancet 2024;404:1199\u2013226."},{"key":"1431_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(25)00118-5","volume":"25","author":"H Sati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sati H, Carrara E, Savoldi A, et\u00a0al. The WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List 2024: a prioritisation study to guide research, development, and public health strategies against antimicrobial resistance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2025;25:1033\u201343.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"1431_CR3","first-page":"166","volume":"67","author":"J Tischer","year":"2026","unstructured":"Tischer J, Dietze N, Marx K, et\u00a0al. New antimicrobial substances to combat increasing resistance. Inn Med (Heidelb). 2026;67:166\u201380.","journal-title":"Inn Med (Heidelb)"},{"key":"1431_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-019-03590-3","volume":"38","author":"YR Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee YR, Burton CE. Eravacycline, a newly approved fluorocycline. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2019;38:1787\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1431_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1504013","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1504013","volume":"15","author":"X Liao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liao X, Liang Q, Dai X, et\u00a0al. In vitro activities of eravacycline against clinical bacterial isolates: a multicenter study in Guangdong. China Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1504013.","journal-title":"China Front Microbiol"},{"key":"1431_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14121214","volume":"14","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Romanos LT, Kontogiannis DS, et\u00a0al. Resistance of Gram-negative bacteria to eravacycline: a systematic review of data from in vitro studies. Pathogens. 2025;14:1214.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"1431_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-025-05235-0","volume":"44","author":"A Kinet-Poleur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kinet-Poleur A, Bogaerts P, Montesinos I, et\u00a0al. Eravacycline: evaluation of susceptibility testing methods and activity against multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales and Acinetobacter. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2025;44:2771\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1431_CR8","first-page":"e01699","volume":"64","author":"I Morrissey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Morrissey I, Olesky M, Hawser S, et\u00a0al. In vitro activity of eravacycline against Gram-negative bacilli isolated in clinical laboratories worldwide from 2013 to 2017. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2019;64:e01699-e1719.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1431_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-98206-6","volume":"15","author":"M Haeili","year":"2025","unstructured":"Haeili M, Aghajanzadeh M, Moghaddasi K, et\u00a0al. Emergence of transferable tigecycline and eravacycline resistance gene tet(X4) in Escherichia coli isolates from Iran. Sci Rep. 2025;15:16581.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1431_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00496","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00496-24","volume":"12","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu Y, Ma X, et\u00a0al. Emergence of plasmid-borne tet(X4) resistance gene in clinical isolate of eravacycline- and omadacycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST485. Microbiol Spectr. 2024;12:e00496-e524.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"1431_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-019-00767-z","volume":"58","author":"MW McCarthy","year":"2019","unstructured":"McCarthy MW. Clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of eravacycline. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2019;58:1149\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"1431_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2020.241","volume":"22","author":"VG-D Felice","year":"2021","unstructured":"Felice VG-D, Efimova E, Izmailyan S, et\u00a0al. Efficacy and tolerability of eravacycline in bacteremic patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection: a pooled analysis from the IGNITE1 and IGNITE4 studies. Surg Infect. 2021;22:556\u201361.","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"1431_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2016.4237","volume":"152","author":"J Solomkin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Solomkin J, Evans D, Slepavicius A, et\u00a0al. Assessing the efficacy and safety of eravacycline vs ertapenem in complicated intra-abdominal infections in investigating Gram-negative infections treated with eravacycline (IGNITE 1) trial: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2017;152:224\u201332.","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"1431_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy1029","volume":"69","author":"JS Solomkin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Solomkin JS, Gardovskis J, Lawrence K, et\u00a0al. IGNITE4: results of a phase 3, randomized, multicenter, prospective trial of eravacycline vs meropenem in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;69:921\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1431_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alosaimy S, Molina KC, Claeys KC, et\u00a0al. Early experience with eravacycline for complicated infections. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020;7:ofaa071.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa071"},{"key":"1431_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.00479-22","volume":"10","author":"S Alosaimy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alosaimy S, Morrisette T, Lagnf AM, et\u00a0al. Clinical outcomes of eravacycline in patients treated predominately for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10:e0047922.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"1431_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/phar.2908","volume":"44","author":"MNW Jackson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jackson MNW, Wei W, Mang NS, et\u00a0al. Combination eravacycline therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients with COVID-19: a case series. Pharmacotherapy. 2024;44:301\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"1431_CR18","first-page":"137","volume":"48","author":"S Giuliano","year":"2025","unstructured":"Giuliano S, Martini L, Prataviera F, et\u00a0al. Eravacycline: data based on real evidence. New Microbiol. 2025;48:137\u201346.","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"1431_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mimram L, Timsit JF, Rindinaud E, et\u00a0al. Eravacycline as a last resort for difficult-to-treat resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in critically ill patients: three case reports with pharmacokinetic insights. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2025;7:dlaf095.","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlaf095"},{"key":"1431_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kunz Coyne AJ, Alosaimy S, Lucas K, et\u00a0al. Eravacycline, the first four years: health outcomes and tolerability data for 19 hospitals in 5 U.S. regions from 2018 to 2022. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;12:e0235123.","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02351-23"},{"key":"1431_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.10.020","volume":"29","author":"ALV Hobbs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hobbs ALV, Gelfand MS, Cleveland KO, et\u00a0al. A retrospective, multicentre evaluation of eravacycline utilisation in community and academic hospitals. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2022;29:430\u20133.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"1431_CR22","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Clinical Breakpoint Tables. https:\/\/www.eucast.org\/bacteria\/clinical-breakpoints-and-interpretation\/clinical-breakpoint-tables\/. Accessed 14 May, 2026."},{"key":"1431_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002","volume":"70","author":"L Poirel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poirel L, Walsh TR, Cuvillier V, et\u00a0al. Multiplex PCR for detection of acquired carbapenemase genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;70:119\u201322.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"1431_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2174\/138920009787048356","volume":"10","author":"M Falagas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falagas M, Karageorgopoulos D, Dimopoulos G. Clinical significance of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of tigecycline. Curr Drug Metab. 2009;10:13\u201321.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"key":"1431_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S294282","volume":"14","author":"C Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou C, Jin L, Wang Q, et\u00a0al. Bloodstream infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales: risk factors for mortality, antimicrobial therapy and treatment outcomes from a prospective multicenter study. Infect Drug Resist. 2021;14:731\u201342.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"1431_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01235-y","volume":"37","author":"L Zha","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zha L, Pan L, Guo J, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness and safety of high dose tigecycline for the treatment of severe infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2020;37:1049\u201364.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"key":"1431_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1093\/jbcr\/irad183","volume":"45","author":"C Alexander","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alexander C, Hill D. A retrospective case-control study of eravacycline for the treatment of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter infections in patients with burn injuries. J Burn Care Res. 2023;45:487\u201392.","journal-title":"J Burn Care Res"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T01:02:35Z","timestamp":1791853355000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40121-026-01431-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8229","2193-6382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8229","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6382","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Sven Kalbitz, Kathrin Marx, and Christoph L\u00fcbbert received consulting fees from PAION Pharma GmbH, Aachen, Germany. Jochen Gille reports no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and was approved on 17 February 2026 by the Ethics Committee of the Saxonian Board of Physicians (registration number: EK-BR-127\/25\u20131) with a waiver of informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}