{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:07:17Z","timestamp":1790269637531,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019542","name":"Basic Research Project of Wenzhou City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GK20250008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GK20250008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Pain Ther"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:42:05Z","timestamp":1790268125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Deep Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block Before Extubation on Early Recovery After Cardiac Surgery via Median Sternotomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Zhousheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujun","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shikang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youmei","family":"Qiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"892_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krakowski JC, Hallman MJ, Smeltz AM. Persistent pain after cardiac surgery: prevention and management. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. United States; 2021, p. 289\u2013300.","DOI":"10.1177\/10892532211041320"},{"key":"892_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1097\/AJP.0000000000000792","volume":"36","author":"M Echeverria-Villalobos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Echeverria-Villalobos M, Stoicea N, Todeschini AB, Fiorda-Diaz J, Uribe AA, Weaver T, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS): a perspective review of postoperative pain management under ERAS pathways and its role on opioid crisis in the United States. Clin J Pain. 2020;36:219\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"892_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.12.023","volume":"122","author":"MH Algera","year":"2019","unstructured":"Algera MH, Kamp J, van der Schrier R, van Velzen M, Niesters M, Aarts L, et al. Opioid-induced respiratory depression in humans: a review of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of reversal. Br J Anaesth. 2019;122(6):e168\u201379.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"6","key":"892_CR4","first-page":"760","volume":"27","author":"CM Brummett","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brummett CM, Evans-Shields J, England C, Kong AM, Lew CR, Henriques C, et al. Increased health care costs associated with new persistent opioid use after major surgery in opioid-naive patients. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2021;27(6):760\u201371.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"892_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.4103\/aca.ACA_56_18","volume":"21","author":"M Chakravarthy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chakravarthy M. Regional analgesia in cardiothoracic surgery: a changing paradigm toward opioid-free anesthesia? Ann Card Anaesth. 2018;21(3):225\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Card Anaesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"892_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000001169","volume":"35","author":"MC Grant","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grant MC, Gregory AJ, Ouanes JP. Regional analgesia for cardiac surgery. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2022;35(5):605\u201312.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"892_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2026.112259","volume":"113","author":"B Dost","year":"2026","unstructured":"Dost B, Karapinar YE, Turunc E, Turan EI, Beldagli M, De Cassai A. Effects of deep parasternal intercostal plane block on opioid consumption and pain after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with meta-regression and trial sequential analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2026;113:112259.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"892_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000245","author":"H Ueshima","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ueshima H, Kitamura A. Blocking of multiple anterior branches of intercostal nerves (Th2-6) using a transversus thoracic muscle plane block. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AAP.0000000000000245. (England).","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"892_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S355231","author":"MA Hamed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamed MA, Boules ML, Sobhy MM, Abdelhady MA. The analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided bilateral transversus thoracic muscle plane block after open-heart surgeries: a randomized controlled study. J Pain Res. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/JPR.S355231. (New Zealand).","journal-title":"J Pain Res"},{"key":"892_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2020.110002","volume":"67","author":"II Abdelbaser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdelbaser II, Mageed NA. Analgesic efficacy of ultrasound guided bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane block in pediatric cardiac surgery: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study. J Clin Anesth. 2020;67:110002.","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"892_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000470","author":"JJ Xue","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xue JJ, Cui YY, Busse JW, Ge L, Zhou T, Huang WH, et al. Transversus thoracic muscle plane block for pain during cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JS9.0000000000000470. (United States).","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"892_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40122-022-00403-y","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Min J, Chen S. Sensory assessment and block duration of deep parasternal intercostal plane block in patients undergoing cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study. Pain Ther. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-022-00403-y. (New Zealand).","journal-title":"Pain Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"892_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e318289b84b","volume":"118","author":"PA Stark","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stark PA, Myles PS, Burke JA. Development and psychometric evaluation of a postoperative quality of recovery score: the QoR-15. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(6):1332\u201340.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"892_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000001158","volume":"125","author":"PS Myles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Myles PS, Myles DB, Galagher W, Chew C, MacDonald N, Dennis A. Minimal clinically important difference for three quality of recovery scales. Anesthesiology. 2016;125(1):39\u201345.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"892_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.03.009","volume":"128","author":"PS Myles","year":"2022","unstructured":"Myles PS, Shulman MA, Reilly J, Kasza J, Romero L. Measurement of quality of recovery after surgery using the 15-item quality of recovery scale: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Anaesth. 2022;128(6):1029\u201339.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"892_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rapm.2005.07.190","author":"CL Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu CL, Rowlingson AJ, Partin AW, Kalish MA, Courpas GE, Walsh PC, et al. Correlation of postoperative pain to quality of recovery in the immediate postoperative period. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rapm.2005.07.190. (England).","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"892_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2918","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-53544-9","volume":"14","author":"Z Dalir","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dalir Z, Seddighi F, Esmaily H, Abbasi Tashnizi M, Ramezanzade Tabriz E. Effects of virtual reality on chest tube removal pain management in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized clinical trial. Sci Rep. 2024;14:2918.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"892_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun J, Liu C, Gong X, Chen R, Deng S, Zha Y, et al. Median effective volume of 0.25% ropivacaine for bilateral transversus thoracis muscle plane block in patients undergoing open cardiac surgery. J Pain Res; 2025, p. 5321\u20139.","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S537002"},{"issue":"5","key":"892_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000006849","volume":"138","author":"N Sethi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sethi N, Dutta A, Puri GD, Sood J, Choudhary PK, Gupta M, et al. Evaluation of quality of recovery with quality of recovery-15 score after closed-loop anesthesia delivery system-guided propofol versus desflurane general anesthesia in patients undergoing transabdominal robotic surgery: a randomized controlled study. Anesth Analg. 2024;138(5):1052\u201362.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"4","key":"892_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/10892532211002382","volume":"25","author":"J Devarajan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Devarajan J, Balasubramanian S, Shariat AN, Bhatt HV. Regional analgesia for cardiac surgery. Part 2: peripheral regional analgesia for cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2021;25(4):265\u201379.","journal-title":"Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"5","key":"892_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2022.11.001","volume":"37","author":"G Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu G, Gao M, Hu Y, Wang B, Lin Y, Guan Y, et al. Effects of ultrasound-guided transversus thoracic muscle plane block on postoperative pain and side effects: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2023;37(5):788\u2013800.","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"}],"container-title":["Pain and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T16:42:09Z","timestamp":1790268129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["892"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40122-026-00892-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8237","2193-651X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8237","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-651X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Zhousheng Jin, Jiaying Sun, Yujun Zha, Shijie Ji, Shikang Deng, Youmei Qiang, and Hongfei Chen have nothing to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This single-center, prospective, randomized, single-blind, controlled trial has been approved by Ethics Committee in Clinical Research of the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University (Approved No. of ethic committee: Clinical Research Ethics Review Issuing Number (2024) No. 171). All participants provided written informed consent. The study has been registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (The registry: The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Registration number: ChiCTR2400092616. Principal investigator\u2019s name: Hongfei Chen. Date of registration: 2024-11-20.\n                      \n                      ). This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}