{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:58:58Z","timestamp":1791248338400,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T17:02:04Z","timestamp":1725555724000},"page":"2839-2853","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Predictors of Disease Activity After Anti-VEGF Treatment for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Real-World Data from the PROOF Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Min","family":"Sagong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Hui","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Joon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu Cheol","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heeyoon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iksoo","family":"Byon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Joon","family":"Jo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Seung","family":"Chin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeonghee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Eun","family":"Chae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se Woong","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"1021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305702","volume":"98","author":"U Schmidt-Erfurth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt-Erfurth U, Chong V, Loewenstein A, Larsen M, Souied E, Schlingemann R, et al. Guidelines for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:1144\u201367.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2015.48","volume":"29","author":"WM Amoaku","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amoaku WM, Chakravarthy U, Gale R, Gavin M, Ghanchi F, Gibson J, et al. Defining response to anti-VEGF therapies in neovascular AMD. Eye (Lond). 2015;29:721\u201331.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"1021_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2019.04.017","volume":"127","author":"PU Dugel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dugel PU, Koh A, Ogura Y, Jaffe GJ, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Brown DM, et al. HAWK and HARRIER: Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-masked trials of brolucizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2020;127:72\u201384.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1021_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2018.06.005","volume":"2","author":"CC Wykoff","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wykoff CC, Eichenbaum DA, Roth DB, Hill L, Fung AE, Haskova Z. Ranibizumab induces regression of diabetic retinopathy in most patients at high risk of progression to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2018;2:997\u20131009.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1021_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-49749-y","volume":"9","author":"SK Baek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baek SK, Kim JH, Kim JW, Kim CG. Increase in the population of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration who underwent long-term active treatment. Sci Rep. 2019;9:13264.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1021_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3341\/kjo.2018.0081","volume":"33","author":"SJ Woo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Woo SJ, Cho GE, Cho JH. Short-term efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration in the real world: a post-marketing surveillance study. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2019;33:150\u201366.","journal-title":"Korean J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-016-0332-7","volume":"33","author":"S Androudi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Androudi S, Dastiridou A, Pharmakakis N, Stefaniotou M, Kalogeropoulos C, Symeonidis C, et al. Guidelines for the management of wet age-related macular degeneration: recommendations from a panel of Greek experts. Adv Ther. 2016;33:715\u201326.","journal-title":"Adv Ther"},{"issue":"43\u201358","key":"1021_CR8","volume":"148","author":"GA Lalwani","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lalwani GA, Rosenfeld PJ, Fung AE, Dubovy SR, Michels S, Feuer W, et al. A variable-dosing regimen with intravitreal ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: year 2 of the PrONTO Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148(43\u201358): e1.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.014","volume":"120","author":"BG Busbee","year":"2013","unstructured":"Busbee BG, Ho AC, Brown DM, Heier JS, Suner IJ, Li Z, et al. Twelve-month efficacy and safety of 05 mg or 20 mg ranibizumab in patients with subfoveal neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:1046\u201356.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1021_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.06.020","volume":"120","author":"L Kodjikian","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kodjikian L, Souied EH, Mimoun G, Mauget-Faysse M, Behar-Cohen F, Decullier E, et al. Ranibizumab versus bevacizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: results from the GEFAL noninferiority randomized trial. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:2300\u20139.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1021_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2015.30","volume":"17","author":"S Richards","year":"2015","unstructured":"Richards S, Aziz N, Bale S, Bick D, Das S, Gastier-Foster J, et al. Standards and guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants: a joint consensus recommendation of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics and the Association for Molecular Pathology. Genet Med. 2015;17:405\u201324.","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"1021_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14166","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18158-z","volume":"12","author":"JH Kim","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kim JH, Sagong M, Woo SJ, Kim YC, Cho H, Lee YH, et al. A real-world study assessing the impact of retinal fluid on visual acuity outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in Korea. Sci Rep. 2022;12:14166.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1021_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10051003","volume":"10","author":"M Bobadilla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bobadilla M, Pariente A, Oca AI, Pelaez R, Perez-Sala A, Larrayoz IM. Biomarkers as predictive factors of anti-VEGF response. Biomedicines. 2022;10:2.","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"1021_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36704-6","volume":"9","author":"TT Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai TT, Hsieh YT, Yang CM, Ho TC, Yang CH. Biomarkers of optical coherence tomography in evaluating the treatment outcomes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: a real-world study. Sci Rep. 2019;9:529.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1021_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304670","volume":"98","author":"M Suzuki","year":"2014","unstructured":"Suzuki M, Nagai N, Izumi-Nagai K, Shinoda H, Koto T, Uchida A, et al. Predictive factors for non-response to intravitreal ranibizumab treatment in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98:1186\u201391.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000001457","volume":"37","author":"M Hata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hata M, Yamashiro K, Oishi A, Ooto S, Tamura H, Miyata M, et al. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2017;37:2069\u201377.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1021_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2015.10.034","volume":"123","author":"E Daniel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daniel E, Shaffer J, Ying GS, Grunwald JE, Martin DF, Jaffe GJ, et al. Outcomes in eyes with retinal angiomatous proliferation in the comparison of age-related macular degeneration treatments trials (CATT). Ophthalmology. 2016;123:609\u201316.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1021_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1159\/000529409","volume":"246","author":"K Kodaday","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kodaday K, Kodjikian L, Gadiollet E, Chirpaz N, Loria O, Feldman A, et al. The effects of treatment regimen on the initial management of macular neovascularization subtypes in age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmologica. 2023;246:113\u201322.","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"1021_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2018.1804","volume":"136","author":"WK Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee WK, Iida T, Ogura Y, Chen SJ, Wong TY, Mitchell P, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the PLANET study: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018;136:786\u201393.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S305141","volume":"15","author":"F Horner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Horner F, Lip PL, Mohammed BR, Fusi-Rubiano W, Gokhale E, Mushtaq B, et al. Comparing effectiveness of three different anti-VEGF treatment regimens for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: two years\u2019 real-world clinical outcomes. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:1703\u201313.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14623","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-93899-x","volume":"11","author":"KW Jin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jin KW, Kim JH, Park JY, Park SJ, Park KH, Lee JY, et al. Long-term outcomes of ranibizumab vs. aflibercept for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Sci Rep. 2021;11:14623.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1021_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-011-1636-6","volume":"249","author":"H Gerding","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gerding H, Loukopoulos V, Riese J, Hefner L, Timmermann M. Results of flexible ranibizumab treatment in age-related macular degeneration and search for parameters with impact on outcome. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2011;249:653\u201362.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2014-305327","volume":"99","author":"FG Holz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holz FG, Tadayoni R, Beatty S, Berger A, Cereda MG, Cortez R, et al. Multi-country real-life experience of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for wet age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol. 2015;99:220\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2019-000377","volume":"5","author":"M Weber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Weber M, Kodjikian L, Coscas F, Faure C, Aubry I, Dufour I, et al. Impact of intravitreal aflibercept dosing regimens in treatment-naive patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in routine clinical practice in France: results from the RAINBOW study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2020;5: e000377.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1021_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S303884","volume":"15","author":"M Sagong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sagong M, Woo SJ, Lee Y, Korea LS. Real-world effectiveness, treatment pattern, and safety of ranibizumab in Korean patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: subgroup analyses from the LUMINOUS study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:1995\u20132011.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1021_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm4050782","volume":"4","author":"CW Wong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wong CW, Wong TY, Cheung CM. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in Asians. J Clin Med. 2015;4(5):782\u2013821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm4050782.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1021_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.04.018","volume":"3","author":"GT Kokame","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kokame GT, et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor resistance in exudative macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3(9):744\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oret.2019.04.018.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"3","key":"1021_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006","volume":"128","author":"CMG Cheung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheung CMG, et al. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus nomenclature and non-indocyanine green angiograph diagnostic criteria from the Asia-Pacific ocular imaging society PCV workgroup. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(3):443\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.08.006.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T06:04:26Z","timestamp":1729663466000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01021-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Min Sagong reports honoraria from Allergan, Bayer, Novartis, and Roche for lecture fees, consultancy, and board membership and reports research grants from Allergan, Bayer, and Novartis. Jae Hui Kim reports grants from Novartis and Bayer. Se Joon Woo is a consultant of Samsung Bioepis, Alteogen, Curacle, Novelty Nobility, Sometech, and Pharmabcine; reports grants from Samsung Bioepis, Curacle, Alteogen, Bayer, Novartis, Geneuintech and Roche; reports lecture fees from Novartis, Bayer, Allergan\/AbbVie, Roche and Samil; and owns equity of RetiMark and Panolos Bioscience. Yu Cheol Kim is a consultant for Novartis and Bayer; received honoraria from Allergan, Bayer, and Novartis; and research grants from Chong Kun Dang Pharm., SCD Pharm., Bayer, and Novartis. Heeyoon Cho reports lecture fees and consultancy from Allergan, Bayer, and Novartis. Young Hoon Lee and Hee Seung Chin have no financial disclosures. Iksoo Byon is a consultant\/advisor for Novartis, Bayer, and AIinsight Inc and reports grants from Novartis and Busan Technopark. Young Joon Jo reports grants from Bayer and Novartis. Jeonghee Kim\u00a0is an\u00a0employee of Novartis Korea Ltd. Jae Eun Chae\u00a0is an\u00a0employee of LSK Global Pharma Services, Korea. Se Woong Kang has served on advisory boards for Novartis, Bayer, Allergan, Alcon, and Samchundang and has received consultancy fees and payments for lectures from these companies.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Guidelines for Good Pharmacoepidemiology Practices issued by the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guideline and adhered to the ethical principles derived from the Declaration of Helsinki. Each IRB\/ IEC reviewed and approved the study protocol. As this is a retrospective RWE study, we applied for a waiver of patient consent from the IRB (institutional review board, IRB) and approved to perform when we submit protocol approval to IRB. However, IRB\/IEC of Samsung Medical Center recommended to proceed with the consent form for personal information. Thus, Samsung Medical Center received the subjects\u2019 consents for personal information. Samsung Medical Center Institutional Review Board approved the study (approval number 2020\u201305-070). A list of the ethics committees that approved the study protocol are provided in Supplementary Table\u00a01.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}