{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:26:21Z","timestamp":1783437981281,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T13:02:38Z","timestamp":1726232558000},"page":"2855-2868","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Safety, Tolerability, and Short-Term Efficacy of Low-Level Light Therapy for Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2815-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Pellegrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Mura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicol\u00f2","family":"Ciarmatori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Scorcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Carnevali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Lucisano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Borselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Costanza","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Reibaldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Ricardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Vagge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Nicol\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cartabellotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Hasanreiso\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cem","family":"Kesim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Demirel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6zge","family":"Yan\u0131k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Bernabei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre-Raphael","family":"Rothschild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Farrant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Giannaccare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"1030_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.26074","volume":"331","author":"M Fleckenstein","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleckenstein M, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Chakravarthy U. Age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 2024;331:147.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1030_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2019-314422","volume":"104","author":"JQ Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li JQ, Welchowski T, Schmid M, Mauschitz MM, Holz FG, Finger RP. Prevalence and incidence of age-related macular degeneration in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2020;104:1077\u201384.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.10.036","volume":"120","author":"FL Ferris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferris FL, Wilkinson CP, Bird A, Chakravarthy U, Chew E, Csaky K, et al. Clinical classification of age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2013;120:844\u201351.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1030_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.1009599","volume":"16","author":"JHC Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong JHC, Ma JYW, Jobling AI, Brandli A, Greferath U, Fletcher EL, et al. Exploring the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration: a review of the interplay between retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction and the innate immune system. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:1.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1030_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lutein\u00a0+\u00a0zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration. JAMA. 2013;309:2005.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.4997"},{"key":"1030_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000002632","volume":"40","author":"SN Markowitz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Markowitz SN, Devenyi RG, Munk MR, Croissant CL, Tedford SE, R\u00fcckert R, et al. A double-masked, randomized, sham-controlled, single-center study with photobiomodulation for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2020;40:1471\u201382.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1030_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13354","volume":"95","author":"GF Merry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merry GF, Munk MR, Dotson RS, Walker MG, Devenyi RG. Photobiomodulation reduces drusen volume and improves visual acuity and contrast sensitivity in dry age-related macular degeneration. Acta Ophthalmol. 2017;95:5.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2007.2132","volume":"26","author":"BT Ivandic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ivandic BT, Ivandic T. Low-level laser therapy improves vision in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Photomed Laser Surg. 2008;26:241\u20135.","journal-title":"Photomed Laser Surg"},{"key":"1030_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2903","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00812-y","volume":"12","author":"F Fantaguzzi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fantaguzzi F, Tombolini B, Servillo A, Zucchiatti I, Sacconi R, Bandello F, et al. Shedding light on photobiomodulation therapy for age-related macular degeneration: a narrative review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2023;12:2903\u201315.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"1030_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002997","volume":"42","author":"G Giannaccare","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannaccare G, Pellegrini M, Carnovale Scalzo G, Borselli M, Ceravolo D, Scorcia V. Low-level light therapy versus intense pulsed light for the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction: preliminary results from a prospective randomized comparative study. Cornea. 2023;42:141\u20134.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1030_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.3390\/app14062623","volume":"14","author":"C Cannas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cannas C, Pintus B, Corgiolu L, Borrelli E, Boscia G, Toro MD, et al. Current applications and future perspectives of photobiomodulation in ocular diseases: a narrative review. Appl Sci. 2024;14:2623.","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"1030_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00619-3","volume":"12","author":"G Giannaccare","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannaccare G, Vaccaro S, Pellegrini M, Borselli M, Carnovale Scalzo G, Taloni A, et al. Serial sessions of a novel low-level light therapy device for home treatment of dry eye disease. Ophthalmol Ther. 2023;12:459\u201368.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"1030_CR13","first-page":"5","volume":"2","author":"G Giannaccare","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giannaccare G, Rossi C, Borselli M, Carnovale Scalzo G, Scalia G, Pietropaolo R, et al. Outcomes of low-level light therapy before and after cataract surgery for the prophylaxis of postoperative dry eye: a prospective randomised double-masked controlled clinical trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;2:5.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The age-related eye disease study (AREDS). Control Clin Trials. 1999;20:573\u2013600.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(99)00031-8"},{"key":"1030_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.119.10.1417","volume":"119","author":"A Randomized","year":"2001","unstructured":"Randomized A. Placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss. Arch Ophthalmol. 2001;119:1417.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR16","first-page":"8","volume":"54","author":"M Pistilli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pistilli M, Peskin E, Brader H, Dentone P, Maguire M, Asbell P. Evaluation of a modification of the brief pain inventory (BODI) as a measure of severity of dry eye disease. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54:8.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1030_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000003980","volume":"44","author":"D Boyer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Boyer D, Hu A, Warrow D, Xavier S, Gonzalez V, Lad E, et al. LIGHTSITE III. Retina. 2024;44:487\u201397.","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"1030_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9061724","volume":"9","author":"C Dompe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dompe C, Moncrieff L, Matys J, Grzech-Le\u015bniak K, Kocherova I, Bryja A, et al. Photobiomodulation\u2014underlying mechanism and clinical applications. J Clin Med. 2020;9:1\u201317.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"1030_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTQE.2016.2561201","volume":"22","author":"LF de Freitas","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Freitas LF, Hamblin MR. Proposed mechanisms of photobiomodulation or low-level light therapy. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron. 2016;22:348\u201364.","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron"},{"key":"1030_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-014-1644-y","volume":"30","author":"CCS Martignago","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martignago CCS, Oliveira RF, Pires-Oliveira DAA, Oliveira PD, Pacheco Soares C, Monzani PS, et al. Effect of low-level laser therapy on the gene expression of collagen and vascular endothelial growth factor in a culture of fibroblast cells in mice. Lasers Med Sci. 2015;30:203\u20138.","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"},{"key":"1030_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.20947","volume":"42","author":"DH McDaniel","year":"2010","unstructured":"McDaniel DH, Weiss RA, Geronemus RG, Mazur C, Wilson S, Weiss MA. Varying ratios of wavelengths in dual wavelength LED photomodulation alters gene expression profiles in human skin fibroblasts. Lasers Surg Med. 2010;42:540\u20135.","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"1030_CR22","first-page":"85","volume":"5","author":"V Vallino","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vallino V, Berni A, Coletto A, Serafino S, Bandello F, Reibaldi M, et al. Structural OCT and OCT angiography biomarkers associated with the development and progression of geographic atrophy in AMD. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;5:85.","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR23","first-page":"88","volume":"87","author":"A Berni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Berni A, Shen M, Cheng Y, Herrera G, Hiya F, Liu J, et al. The total macular burden of hyperreflective foci and the onset of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects in intermediate AMD. Am J Ophthalmol. 2024;87:88.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-18572","volume":"57","author":"NS Abdelfattah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdelfattah NS, Zhang H, Boyer DS, Rosenfeld PJ, Feuer WJ, Gregori G, et al. Drusen volume as a predictor of disease progression in patients with late age-related macular degeneration in the fellow eye. Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:1839.","journal-title":"Investig Opthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1030_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2022.09.007","volume":"7","author":"K Hirabayashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirabayashi K, Yu HJ, Wakatsuki Y, Marion KM, Wykoff CC, Sadda SR. OCT risk factors for development of atrophy in eyes with intermediate age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina. 2023;7:253\u201360.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1030_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2023.03.012","volume":"254","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Shen M, Laiginhas R, Herrera G, Li J, Shi Y, et al. Onset and progression of persistent choroidal hypertransmission defects in intermediate age-related macular degeneration: a novel clinical trial endpoint. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;254:11\u201322.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1030_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-022-00640-6","volume":"12","author":"B Burton","year":"2023","unstructured":"Burton B, Parodi MB, J\u00fcrgens I, Zanlonghi X, Hornan D, Roider J, et al. LIGHTSITE II randomized multicenter trial: evaluation of multiwavelength photobiomodulation in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmol Ther. 2023;12:953\u201368.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T10:04:08Z","timestamp":1764756248000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["1030"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-024-01030-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Enrico Borrelli, Giulia Coco, Marco Pellegrini, Marco Mura, Nicol\u00f2 Ciarmatori, Vincenzo Scorcia, Adriano Carnevali, Andrea Lucisano, Massimiliano Borselli, Costanza Rossi, Michele Reibaldi, Federico Ricardi, Aldo Vagge, Massimo Nicol\u00f2, Paolo Forte, Antonio Cartabellotta, Murat Hasanreiso\u011flu, Cem Kesim, Sibel Demirel, \u00d6zge Yan\u0131k, Federico Bernabei, Pierre-Raphael Rothschild, Sarah Farrant, and Giuseppe Giannaccare have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This randomized controlled study was conducted across five European centers (University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; \u0130stanbul Retina Institute, \u0130stanbul, Turkey; Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey), received the Ethics Committee approval from the University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, and\u00a0and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects provided informed consent to participate in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}