{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T00:52:14Z","timestamp":1791593534029,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neuropathic corneal pain (NCP) is a challenging condition with limited consensus on its diagnosis and management. This study aimed to gather global insights from corneal specialists on the causes, investigative approaches, and management strategies for NCP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 32-question survey covering demographic, causes, investigations, treatments, and multidisciplinary engagement was sent to 152 invited international corneal specialists; 51 (34%) responded. We explored descriptive statistics and examined how responder characteristics influenced their answers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The most reported causes of NCP were chronic ocular surface disease (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941; 41%) and post-surgical factors (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200934; 34%). The most common investigations, routinely performed by respondents, were the anesthetic challenge test, Schirmer\u2019s test, and corneal esthesiometry. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) was routinely used by 37% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919), with 69% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929) of specialists stating that an abnormal result influenced their management. Ocular surface and pain questionnaires were used by 69% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200935), with the Ocular Surface Disease Index being the most popular (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200925; 31%). Common treatments included artificial tears (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948; 94%), serum\/plasma-derived tears (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200941; 80%), topical corticosteroids (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200934; 67%), and topical cyclosporin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930; 59%). Only 38% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919) felt comfortable independently prescribing systemic pharmacotherapy. A multidisciplinary approach was adopted by 47% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200924), with the two most common specialties involved being pain management (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200930; 37%) and neurology (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926, 32%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This survey provides valuable global insights into the causes, investigations, and management of NCP from the perspective of corneal specialists. These findings support further research and the development of guidelines to address this challenging condition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01242-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:41:56Z","timestamp":1759920116000},"page":"3035-3046","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["International Survey of Current Approaches to the Management of Neuropathic Corneal Pain by Experts"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Samy","family":"El Omda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Tzoumas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margarita","family":"Calonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5876-288X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"1242_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000492","volume":"157","author":"NB Finnerup","year":"2016","unstructured":"Finnerup NB, Haroutounian S, Kamerman P, Baron R, Bennett DLH, Bouhassira D, et al. 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Nikolaos Tzoumas: No disclosures. Margarita Calonge: No disclosures. Francisco Figueiredo: Francisco Figueiredo is an Editorial Board member of Ophthalmology and Therapy. Francisco Figueiredo was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Research Policy Intelligence and Ethics Team at Newcastle University\u2014Ref: 52149\/2023 who judged the project low-risk and waived formal ethics review. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Patients and the public were not involved in the design and conduct of this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}