{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T15:30:44Z","timestamp":1784302244413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271117"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271117"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81500752"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81500752"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82020108006\u00a0and 81730025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82020108006\u00a0and 81730025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan","award":["22ZR1410200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22ZR1410200"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T08:13:11Z","timestamp":1759392791000},"page":"2959-2982","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Restoring Vision with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Xinyan","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4428-3030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bracci S, Op de Beeck HP. Understanding human object vision: a picture is worth a thousand representations. Annu Rev Psychol. 2023 Jan 18;74:113\u201335.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-032720-041031"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e418","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30549-0","volume":"9","author":"JR Ehrlich","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ehrlich JR, Ramke J, Macleod D, Burn H, Lee CN, Zhang JH, et al. Association between vision impairment and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(4):e418\u201330.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"1249_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2020.12.029","volume":"128","author":"X Shang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shang X, Zhu Z, Wang W, Ha J, He M. The Association between Vision Impairment and Incidence of Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2021;128(8):1135\u201349.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2301","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52389-6","volume":"14","author":"A Hashemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hashemi A, Hashemi H, Jamali A, Ghasemi H, Ghazizadeh Hashemi F, Khabazkhoob M. The association between visual impairment and mental disorders. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):2301.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260160","volume":"16","author":"S Gupta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gupta S, Sukhai M, Wittich W. Employment outcomes and experiences of people with seeing disability in Canada: an analysis of the Canadian Survey on Disability 2017. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(11):e0260160.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-019-0712-8","volume":"34","author":"K Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah K, Frank CR, Ehrlich JR. The association between vision impairment and social participation in community-dwelling adults: a systematic review. Eye (Lond). 2020;34(2):290\u20138.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1249_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1221","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(17)30393-5","volume":"5","author":"SR Flaxman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Flaxman SR, Bourne RRA, Resnikoff S, Ackland P, Braithwaite T, Cicinelli MV, et al. Global causes of blindness and distance vision impairment 1990\u20132020: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2017;5(12):e1221\u201334.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"10414","key":"1249_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01289-8","volume":"402","author":"H Jayaram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jayaram H, Kolko M, Friedman DS, Gazzard G. Glaucoma: now and beyond. Lancet. 2023;402(10414):1788\u2013801.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1249_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF, Feltner C, Vander Schaaf EB, Brown CL, et al. Vision Screening in Children Ages 6 Months to 5 Years: A Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2017 [cited 2024 Sept 17]. (U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Evidence Syntheses, formerly Systematic Evidence Reviews). Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK487841\/","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9900"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00873.x","volume":"31","author":"AT Astle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Astle AT, Webb BS, McGraw PV. Can perceptual learning be used to treat amblyopia beyond the critical period of visual development? Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011Nov;31(6):564\u201373.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"1249_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E014","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000219","volume":"35","author":"TK Hensch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hensch TK, Quinlan EM. Critical periods in amblyopia. Vis Neurosci. 2018;35:E014.","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523817000220","volume":"35","author":"JM Holmes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holmes JM, Levi DM. Treatment of amblyopia as a function of age. Vis Neurosci. 2018;35:E015.","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1249_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2753","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25750","volume":"60","author":"C Lunghi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lunghi C, Galli-Resta L, Binda P, Cicchini GM, Placidi G, Falsini B, et al. Visual Cortical Plasticity in Retinitis Pigmentosa. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019;60(7):2753\u201363.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.11.5","volume":"64","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Liu Z, Wang M, Gao L, Wu Y, Hu J, et al. Cortical Reorganization After Optical Alignment in Strabismic Patients Outside of Critical Period. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2023;64(11):5.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"13","key":"1249_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6830","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.13.6830","volume":"93","author":"DM Levi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Levi DM, Polat U. Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996;93(13):6830\u20134.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"19","key":"1249_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2207025120","volume":"120","author":"CA Pedersini","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pedersini CA, Miller NP, Gandhi TK, Gilad-Gutnick S, Mahajan V, Sinha P, et al. White matter plasticity following cataract surgery in congenitally blind patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2023;120(19):e2207025120.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"10","key":"1249_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.58734","volume":"22","author":"A Barbot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Barbot A, Park WJ, Ng CJ, Zhang RY, Huxlin KR, Tadin D, et al. Functional reallocation of sensory processing resources caused by long-term neural adaptation to altered optics. Elife. 2021;22(10):e58734.","journal-title":"Elife"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1177\/11206721231187426","volume":"34","author":"B Thompson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thompson B, Concetta Morrone M, Bex P, Lozama A, Sabel BA. Harnessing brain plasticity to improve binocular vision in amblyopia: An evidence-based update. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2024;34(4):901\u201312.","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"42","key":"1249_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2213080119","volume":"119","author":"G Astorga","year":"2022","unstructured":"Astorga G, Chen M, Yan Y, Altavini TS, Jiang CS, Li W, et al. Adaptive processing and perceptual learning in visual cortical areas V1 and V4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2022;119(42):e2213080119.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"21","key":"1249_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2009.02.010","volume":"49","author":"DM Levi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levi DM, Li RW. Perceptual learning as a potential treatment for amblyopia: a mini-review. Vision Res. 2009;49(21):2535\u201349.","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-022-02705-3","volume":"22","author":"D Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song D, Yin L, Chen D, Qian J, Chen Z. Comparison of alternate part-time patching and pencil push-up training for patients with intermittent exotropia. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22(1):457.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2020.08.002","volume":"15","author":"A Rod\u00e1n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rod\u00e1n A, Candela Marroqu\u00edn E, Jara Garc\u00eda LC. An updated review about perceptual learning as a treatment for amblyopia. J Optom. 2022;15(1):3\u201334.","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"issue":"12","key":"1249_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2016.4262","volume":"134","author":"JM Holmes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holmes JM, Manh VM, Lazar EL, Beck RW, Birch EE, Kraker RT, et al. Effect of a Binocular iPad Game vs Part-time Patching in Children Aged 5 to 12 Years With Amblyopia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(12):1391\u2013400.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR24","first-page":"109","volume":"37","author":"Q He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He Q, Lin BR, Zhao J, Shi YZ, Yan FF, Huang CB. No effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on contrast sensitivity function. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2019;37(2):109\u201318.","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"18","key":"1249_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341307","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1341307","volume":"24","author":"A Lyu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lyu A, Silva AE, Thompson B, Abel L, Cheong AMY. Visual cortex anodal transcranial direct current stimulation does not alter reading performance for Chinese presented character-by-character to normal peripheral vision in older adults. Front Neurosci. 2024;24(18):1341307.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"138","key":"1249_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104702","volume":"1","author":"O van der Groen","year":"2022","unstructured":"van der Groen O, Potok W, Wenderoth N, Edwards G, Mattingley JB, Edwards D. Using noise for the better: The effects of transcranial random noise stimulation on the brain and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;1(138):104702.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3390\/vision6020033","volume":"6","author":"M Maniglia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maniglia M. Perspectives on the combined use of electric brain stimulation and perceptual learning in vision. Vision (Basel). 2022;6(2):33.","journal-title":"Vision (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2024.2349565","volume":"107","author":"AS Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park AS, Thompson B. Non-invasive brain stimulation and vision rehabilitation: a clinical perspective. Clin Exp Optom. 2024;107(6):594\u2013602.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"key":"1249_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2398212818818070","volume":"2","author":"J Rothwell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rothwell J. Transcranial brain stimulation: past and future. Brain Neurosci Adv. 2018;2:2398212818818070.","journal-title":"Brain Neurosci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2016.03.010","volume":"9","author":"T Perera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Perera T, George MS, Grammer G, Janicak PG, Pascual-Leone A, Wirecki TS. The clinical TMS society consensus review and treatment recommendations for TMS therapy for major depressive disorder. Brain Stimul. 2016;9(3):336\u201346.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"IB Ip","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ip IB, Clarke WT, Wyllie A, Tracey K, Matuszewski J, Jbabdi S, et al. The relationship between visual acuity loss and GABAergic inhibition in amblyopia. Imaging Neurosci (Camb). 2024;1(2):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Imaging Neurosci (Camb)"},{"key":"1249_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ar T, N P, A F, Fm B, M VP. Longstanding effects of continuous theta burst stimulation in adult amblyopes. Clinical & experimental optometry [Internet]. 2024 May [cited 2024 Sept 8];107(4). https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/37400360\/","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2023.2228989"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.04.002","volume":"6","author":"S Clavagnier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Clavagnier S, Thompson B, Hess RF. Long lasting effects of daily theta burst rTMS sessions in the human amblyopic cortex. Brain Stimul. 2013;6(6):860\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.2147\/EB.S474573","volume":"16","author":"G Martinez-Navarrete","year":"2024","unstructured":"Martinez-Navarrete G, Casta\u00f1o-Casta\u00f1o S, Morales-Navas M, Nieto-Esc\u00e1mez F, S\u00e1nchez-Santed F, Fernandez E. Impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on stereoscopic vision and retinal structure in adult amblyopic rodents. Eye Brain. 2024;16:75\u201388.","journal-title":"Eye Brain"},{"key":"1249_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuna AR, Pinto N, Fernandes A, Brardo FM, Pato MV. Theta burst stimulation in adults with symmetric and asymmetric visual acuity. Int Ophthalmol. 2022 Sept;42(9):2785\u201399.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02269-7"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(01)00651-4","volume":"112","author":"T Touge","year":"2001","unstructured":"Touge T, Gerschlager W, Brown P, Rothwell JC. Are the after-effects of low-frequency rTMS on motor cortex excitability due to changes in the efficacy of cortical synapses? Clin Neurophysiol. 2001;112(11):2138\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1249_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rounis E, Stephan KE, Lee L, Siebner HR, Pesenti A, Friston KJ, et al. Acute changes in frontoparietal activity after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in a cued reaction time task. J Neurosci. 2006 Sept 20;26(38):9629\u201338.","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2657-06.2006"},{"key":"1249_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106140","volume":"173","author":"JP Lefaucheur","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lefaucheur JP, Colzi C, Hollander E, Pampaloni I, Van Ameringen M, Baeken C, et al. Comparison between accelerated and standard or sham rTMS in the treatment of depression: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025;173:106140.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1249_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vucic S, Stanley Chen KH, Kiernan MC, Hallett M, Benninger DH, Di Lazzaro V, et al. Clinical diagnostic utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurological disorders. Updated report of an IFCN committee. Clin Neurophysiol. 2023 June;150:131\u201375.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2023.03.010"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2015.05.005","volume":"58","author":"W Klomjai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Klomjai W, Katz R, Lackmy-Vall\u00e9e A. Basic principles of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and repetitive TMS (rTMS). Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;58(4):208\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1249_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.2174\/1874440001004010100","volume":"4","author":"EC Caparelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Caparelli EC, Backus W, Telang F, Wang GJ, Maloney T, Goldstein RZ, et al. Simultaneous TMS-fMRI of the visual cortex reveals functional network, even in absence of phosphene sensation. Open Neuroimag J. 2010;4:100\u201310.","journal-title":"Open Neuroimag J"},{"key":"1249_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050605","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.1050605","volume":"16","author":"J Riddle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Riddle J, Scimeca JM, Pagnotta MF, Inglis B, Sheltraw D, Muse-Fisher C, et al. A guide for concurrent TMS-fMRI to investigate functional brain networks. Front Hum Neurosci. 2022;16:1050605.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa008","volume":"26","author":"R Chow","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chow R, Wessels JM, Foster WG. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and function in the mammalian reproductive Tract. Hum Reprod Update. 2020;26(4):545\u201364.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-024-01114-y","volume":"38","author":"RS McIntyre","year":"2024","unstructured":"McIntyre RS, Jain R. Glutamatergic Modulators for Major Depression from Theory to Clinical Use. CNS Drugs. 2024;38(11):869\u201390.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"30","key":"1249_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11044","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2125-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"HY Wang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wang HY, Crupi D, Liu J, Stucky A, Cruciata G, Di Rocco A, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhances BDNF-TrkB signaling in both brain and lymphocyte. J Neurosci. 2011;31(30):11044\u201354 (July 27;).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020455","volume":"18","author":"J Luo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Luo J, Zheng H, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Li L, Pei Z, et al. High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Improves Functional Recovery by Enhancing Neurogenesis and Activating BDNF\/TrkB Signaling in Ischemic Rats. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(2):455.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"20","key":"1249_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7521","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6751-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"R Gersner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gersner R, Kravetz E, Feil J, Pell G, Zangen A. Long-term effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on markers for neuroplasticity: differential outcomes in anesthetized and awake animals. J Neurosci. 2011;31(20):7521\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"27","key":"1249_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8688","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6078-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"H Jourdi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jourdi H, Hsu YT, Zhou M, Qin Q, Bi X, Baudry M. Positive AMPA receptor modulation rapidly stimulates BDNF release and increases dendritic mRNA translation. J Neurosci. 2009;29(27):8688\u201397.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1249_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.01.021","volume":"118","author":"YZ Huang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huang YZ, Chen RS, Rothwell JC, Wen HY. The after-effect of human theta burst stimulation is NMDA receptor dependent. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(5):1028\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1249_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.974940","volume":"5","author":"Q Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu Q, Xu X, Zhai C, Zhao Z, Dai W, Wang T, et al. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves spatial episodic learning and memory performance by regulating brain plasticity in healthy rats. Front Neurosci. 2022;5(16):974940.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005710","volume":"4","author":"C L\u00fcscher","year":"2012","unstructured":"L\u00fcscher C, Malenka RC. NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation and long-term depression (LTP\/LTD). Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2012;4(6):a005710.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.70337","volume":"21","author":"A Antonioni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Antonioni A, Martorana A, Santarnecchi E, Hampel H, Koch G. The neurobiological foundation of effective repetitive transcranial magnetic brain stimulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2025;21(6):e70337.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1249_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2022.913274","volume":"15","author":"B Spurny-Dworak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spurny-Dworak B, Godbersen GM, Reed MB, Unterholzner J, Vanicek T, Baldinger-Melich P, et al. The impact of Theta-Burst Stimulation on cortical GABA and glutamate in treatment-resistant depression: a surface-based MRSI analysis approach. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:913274.","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"64","key":"1249_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.09.029","volume":"1","author":"D Kapogiannis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kapogiannis D, Reiter DA, Willette AA, Mattson MP. Posteromedial cortex glutamate and GABA predict intrinsic functional connectivity of the default mode network. Neuroimage. 2013;1(64):112\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00308.2021","volume":"127","author":"K Jia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jia K, Frangou P, Karlaftis VM, Ziminski JJ, Giorgio J, Rideaux R, et al. Neurochemical and functional interactions for improved perceptual decisions through training. J Neurophysiol. 2022;127(4):900\u201312.","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1249_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cj S, M W, Pm M, H JB, P J, Jc R, et al. Neurochemical effects of theta burst stimulation as assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of neurophysiology [Internet]. 2009 June [cited 2024 Oct 15];101(6). https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/19339458\/?dopt=Abstract","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.91060.2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR57","first-page":"419","volume":"39","author":"QM Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen QM, Yao FR, Sun HW, Chen ZG, Ke J, Liao J, et al. Combining inhibitory and facilitatory repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment improves motor function by modulating GABA in acute ischemic stroke patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2021;39(6):419\u201334.","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rafique SA, Steeves JKE. Assessing differential effects of single and accelerated low\u2010frequency rTMS to the visual cortex on GABA and glutamate concentrations. Brain Behav. 2020 Sept 23;10(12):e01845.","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1845"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2491","volume":"12","author":"SA Rafique","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafique SA, Steeves JKE. Modulating intrinsic functional connectivity with visual cortex using low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Behav. 2022;12(2):e2491.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"1249_CR60","unstructured":"Ks S, Sa R, G O, Jke S. Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation to the visual cortex do not alter GABA and glutamate concentrations measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Brain and behavior [Internet]. 2022 Feb [cited 2024 Sept 8];12(2). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35029058\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1249_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.04.005","volume":"8","author":"D Vidal-Pi\u00f1eiro","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vidal-Pi\u00f1eiro D, Mart\u00edn-Trias P, Falc\u00f3n C, Bargall\u00f3 N, Clemente IC, Valls-Sol\u00e9 J, et al. Neurochemical modulation in posteromedial default-mode network cortex induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2015;8(5):937\u201344.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_01591","volume":"33","author":"TO Bergmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bergmann TO, Hartwigsen G. Inferring causality from noninvasive brain stimulation in cognitive neuroscience. J Cogn Neurosci. 2021;33(2):195\u2013225.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-018-0181-4","volume":"41","author":"T Reed","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reed T, Cohen Kadosh R. Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) mechanisms and its effects on cortical excitability and connectivity. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2018;41(6):1123\u201330.","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"1249_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.092429","volume":"568","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Seeber A, Frommann K, Klein CC, Rochford C, Nitsche MS, et al. Modulating parameters of excitability during and after transcranial direct current stimulation of the human motor cortex. J Physiol. 2005;568(Pt 1):291\u2013303.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1249_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00317","volume":"7","author":"A Antal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Antal A, Paulus W. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:317.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1249_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.14284","volume":"60","author":"A Pavlova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pavlova A, Tyulenev N, Tretyakova V, Skavronskaya V, Nikolaeva A, Prokofyev A, et al. Learning of new associations invokes a major change in modulations of cortical beta oscillations in human adults. Psychophysiology. 2023;60(8):e14284.","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1249_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhu014","volume":"25","author":"R Quentin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Quentin R, Chanes L, Vernet M, Valero-Cabr\u00e9 A. Fronto-parietal anatomical connections influence the modulation of conscious visual perception by high-beta frontal oscillatory activity. Cereb Cortex. 2015;25(8):2095\u2013101.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"5679","key":"1249_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1099745","volume":"304","author":"G Buzs\u00e1ki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Buzs\u00e1ki G, Draguhn A. Neuronal oscillations in cortical networks. Science. 2004;304(5679):1926\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1249_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00211","volume":"12","author":"J Vosskuhl","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vosskuhl J, Str\u00fcber D, Herrmann CS. Non-invasive brain stimulation: a paradigm shift in understanding brain oscillations. Front Hum Neurosci. 2018;12:211.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2022.827353","volume":"16","author":"S Vogeti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vogeti S, Boetzel C, Herrmann CS. Entrainment and spike-timing dependent plasticity - a review of proposed mechanisms of transcranial alternating current stimulation. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022;16:827353.","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.07.033","volume":"7","author":"SL Schmidt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schmidt SL, Iyengar AK, Foulser AA, Boyle MR, Fr\u00f6hlich F. Endogenous cortical oscillations constrain neuromodulation by weak electric fields. Brain Stimul. 2014;7(6):878\u201389.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"32","key":"1249_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6221","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0177-22.2022","volume":"42","author":"B Asamoah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asamoah B, Khatoun A, Mc LM. Frequency-Specific Modulation of Slow-Wave Neural Oscillations via Weak Exogeneous Extracellular Fields Reveals a Resonance Pattern. J Neurosci. 2022;42(32):6221\u201331.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mr K, Pg V, Ba C, Pk P, Cc P. Transcranial alternating current stimulation entrains single-neuron activity in the primate brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Internet]. 2019 Mar 19 [cited 2024 Oct 16];116(12). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30833389\/","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1815958116"},{"key":"1249_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson L, Alekseichuk I, Krieg J, Doyle A, Yu Y, Vitek J, et al. Dose-dependent effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on spike timing in awake nonhuman primates. Sci Adv. 2020 Sept 2;6(36):eaaz2747.","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaz2747"},{"issue":"5","key":"1249_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3001650","volume":"20","author":"MR Krause","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krause MR, Vieira PG, Thivierge JP, Pack CC. Brain stimulation competes with ongoing oscillations for control of spike timing in the primate brain. PLoS Biol. 2022;20(5):e3001650.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1249_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00245","volume":"10","author":"FH Kasten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kasten FH, Dowsett J, Herrmann CS. Sustained aftereffect of \u03b1-tACS lasts up to 70 min after stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci. 2016;10:245.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00651","volume":"11","author":"A Pahor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pahor A, Jau\u0161ovec N. The effects of theta and gamma tACS on working memory and electrophysiology. Front Hum Neurosci. 2017;11:651.","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.00476","volume":"10","author":"F Popp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Popp F, Dallmer-Zerbe I, Philipsen A, Herrmann CS. Challenges of P300 modulation using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Front Psychol. 2019;10:476.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.08.029","volume":"128","author":"M Wischnewski","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wischnewski M, Schutter DJLG. After-effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on evoked delta and theta power. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(11):2227\u201332.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"47","key":"1249_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S151","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(09)71553-8","volume":"1","author":"L Chaieb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaieb L, Terney D, Moliadze V, Paulus W, Antal A. Increasing human brain excitability by transcranial high- frequency random noise stimulation. Neuroimage. 2009;1(47):S151.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"275","key":"1249_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2023.120187","volume":"15","author":"D Haslacher","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haslacher D, Narang A, Sokoliuk R, Cavallo A, Reber P, Nasr K, et al. In vivo phase-dependent enhancement and suppression of human brain oscillations by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Neuroimage. 2023;15(275):120187.","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1249_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Violante IR, Li LM, Carmichael DW, Lorenz R, Leech R, Hampshire A, et al. Externally induced frontoparietal synchronization modulates network dynamics and enhances working memory performance. Hamilton R, editor. eLife. 2017 Mar 14;6:e22001.","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.22001"},{"key":"1249_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Frequency\u2010dependent tACS modulation of BOLD signal during rhythmic visual stimulation. [cited 2024 Oct 17]; https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.23990","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23990"},{"issue":"2022","key":"1249_CR84","first-page":"6197505","volume":"1","author":"L Mencarelli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mencarelli L, Monti L, Romanella S, Neri F, Koch G, Salvador R, et al. Local and Distributed fMRI Changes Induced by 40 Hz Gamma tACS of the Bilateral Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex: A Pilot Study. Neural Plast. 2022;1(2022):6197505.","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"issue":"43","key":"1249_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15284","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0542-11.2011","volume":"31","author":"D Keeser","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keeser D, Meindl T, Bor J, Palm U, Pogarell O, Mulert C, et al. Prefrontal transcranial direct current stimulation changes connectivity of resting-state networks during fMRI. J Neurosci. 2011;31(43):15284\u201393.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059669","volume":"8","author":"C Saiote","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saiote C, Polan\u00eda R, Rosenberger K, Paulus W, Antal A. High-Frequency TRNS Reduces BOLD Activity during Visuomotor Learning. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e59669.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1938-7","volume":"198","author":"L Chaieb","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chaieb L, Kovacs G, Cziraki C, Greenlee M, Paulus W, Antal A. Short-duration transcranial random noise stimulation induces blood oxygenation level dependent response attenuation in the human motor cortex. Exp Brain Res. 2009;198(4):439\u201344.","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1249_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wu PJ, Huang CH, Lee SY, Chang AYW, Wang WC, Lin CCK. The distinct and potentially conflicting effects of tDCS and tRNS on brain connectivity, cortical inhibition, and visuospatial memory. Front Hum Neurosci [Internet]. 2024 May 30 [cited 2024 Oct 17];18. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/human-neuroscience\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1415904\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1415904\/full"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.04.012","volume":"13","author":"J Riddle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riddle J, McPherson T, Atkins AK, Walker CP, Ahn S, Frohlich F. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) polymorphism may influence the efficacy of tACS to modulate neural oscillations. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(4):998\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00427","volume":"12","author":"S Cocco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cocco S, Podda MV, Grassi C. Role of BDNF signaling in memory enhancement induced by transcranial direct current stimulation. Front Neurosci. 2018;12:427.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"17","key":"1249_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4481","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0098-17.2017","volume":"37","author":"M Nowak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nowak M, Hinson E, van Ede F, Pogosyan A, Guerra A, Quinn A, et al. Driving Human Motor Cortical Oscillations Leads to Behaviorally Relevant Changes in Local GABAA Inhibition: A tACS-TMS Study. J Neurosci. 2017;37(17):4481\u201392.","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1249_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.07.049","volume":"15","author":"T Nandi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nandi T, Puonti O, Clarke WT, Nettekoven C, Barron HC, Kolasinski J, et al. TDCS induced GABA change is associated with the simulated electric field in M1, an effect mediated by grey matter volume in the MRS voxel. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(5):1153\u201362.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pbr.2021.01.017","volume":"264","author":"CA S\u00e1nchez-Le\u00f3n","year":"2021","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Le\u00f3n CA, S\u00e1nchez-L\u00f3pez \u00c1, G\u00f3mez-Climent MA, Cordones I, Cohen Kadosh R, M\u00e1rquez-Ruiz J. Impact of chronic transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) on GABAergic and glutamatergic activity markers in the prefrontal cortex of juvenile mice. Prog Brain Res. 2021;264:323\u201341.","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1249_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2924","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy160","volume":"29","author":"M Wischnewski","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wischnewski M, Engelhardt M, Salehinejad MA, Schutter DJLG, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA. NMDA Receptor-Mediated Motor Cortex Plasticity After 20 Hz Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation. Cereb Cortex. 2019;29(7):2924\u201331.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"23","key":"1249_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5478","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac028","volume":"32","author":"E Ghanavati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghanavati E, Salehinejad MA, De Melo L, Nitsche MA, Kuo MF. NMDA receptor-related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity. Cereb Cortex. 2022;32(23):5478\u201388.","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1249_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2015.00125","volume":"9","author":"L Chaieb","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaieb L, Antal A, Paulus W. Transcranial random noise stimulation-induced plasticity is NMDA-receptor independent but sodium-channel blocker and benzodiazepines sensitive. Front Neurosci. 2015;9:125.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2018.00109","volume":"12","author":"T Bocci","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bocci T, Nasini F, Caleo M, Restani L, Barloscio D, Ardolino G, et al. Unilateral application of cathodal tDCS reduces transcallosal inhibition and improves visual acuity in amblyopic patients. Front Behav Neurosci. 2018;12:109.","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2020.12.015","volume":"14","author":"RN Raveendran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raveendran RN, Chow A, Tsang K, Chakraborty A, Thompson B. Reduction of collinear inhibition in observers with central vision loss using anodal transcranial direct current stimulation: a case series. Brain Stimul. 2021;14(2):207\u20138.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR99","unstructured":"Da ES, R E, A S, E AM, Mm N. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children With Anisometropic Amblyopia. Journal of clinical neurophysiology\u202f: official publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society [Internet]. 2024 Aug 23 [cited 2024 Sept 8]; https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39175115\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"1249_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968313491006","volume":"27","author":"DP Spiegel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spiegel DP, Byblow WD, Hess RF, Thompson B. Anodal transcranial direct current stimulation transiently improves contrast sensitivity and normalizes visual cortex activation in individuals with amblyopia. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013;27(8):760\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19280","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19280","volume":"14","author":"Z Ding","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ding Z, Li J, Spiegel DP, Chen Z, Chan L, Luo G, et al. The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on contrast sensitivity and visual evoked potential amplitude in adults with amblyopia. Sci Rep. 2016;14(6):19280.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80843-8","volume":"11","author":"R Donkor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Donkor R, Silva AE, Teske C, Wallis-Duffy M, Johnson AP, Thompson B. Repetitive visual cortex transcranial random noise stimulation in adults with amblyopia. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):3029.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"156","key":"1249_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107854","volume":"18","author":"D Wu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wu D, Zhou Y, Lv H, Liu N, Zhang P. The initial visual performance modulates the effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation over the primary visual cortex on the contrast sensitivity function. Neuropsychologia. 2021;18(156):107854.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.10.022","volume":"13","author":"H Nakazono","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakazono H, Ogata K, Takeda A, Yamada E, Kimura T, Tobimatsu S. Transcranial alternating current stimulation of \u03b1 but not \u03b2 frequency sharpens multiple visual functions. Brain Stimul. 2020;13(2):343\u201352.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"8","key":"1249_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20931","volume":"31","author":"RF Hess","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hess RF, Li X, Lu G, Thompson B, Hansen BC. The contrast dependence of the cortical fMRI deficit in amblyopia; a selective loss at higher contrasts. Hum Brain Mapp. 2010;31(8):1233\u201348.","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1249_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wen W, Wang Y, Zhou J, He S, Sun X, Liu H, et al. Loss and enhancement of layer-selective signals in geniculostriate and corticotectal pathways of adult human amblyopia. Cell Reports [Internet]. 2021 Dec 14 [cited 2024 Nov 30];37(11). https:\/\/www.cell.com\/cell-reports\/abstract\/S2211-1247(21)01611-9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.110117"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci11020270","volume":"11","author":"ABF de Venecia","year":"2021","unstructured":"de Venecia ABF, Fresnoza SM. Visual cortex transcranial direct current stimulation for proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients: a double-blinded randomized exploratory trial. Brain Sci. 2021;11(2):270.","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"1249_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ar T, N P, Fm B, A F, Af N, Mv P. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Adults With Amblyopia. Journal of neuro-ophthalmology\u202f: the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society [Internet]. 2020 June [cited 2024 Sept 8];40(2). https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31453915\/","DOI":"10.1097\/WNO.0000000000000828"},{"key":"1249_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S C, B T, Rf H. Long lasting effects of daily theta burst rTMS sessions in the human amblyopic cortex. Brain stimulation [Internet]. 2013 Nov [cited 2024 Sept 8];6(6). https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/23664756\/","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.04.002"},{"key":"1249_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.01.002","volume":"114","author":"DM Levi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levi DM, Knill DC, Bavelier D. Stereopsis and amblyopia: a mini-review. Vis Res. 2015;114:17\u201330.","journal-title":"Vis Res"},{"key":"1249_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109735","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1109735","volume":"17","author":"J Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng J, Zhang W, Liu L, Hung Yap MK. Low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes plasticity of the visual cortex in adult amblyopic rats. Front Neurosci. 2023;17:1109735.","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1o-Casta\u00f1o S, Feijoo-Cuaresma M, Paredes-Pacheco J, Morales-Navas M, Ruiz-Guijarro JA, Sanchez-Santed F, et al. tDCS recovers depth perception in adult amblyopic rats and reorganizes visual cortex activity. Behav Brain Res. 2019 Sept 16;370:111941.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2019.111941"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR113","first-page":"199","volume":"39","author":"N El Nahas","year":"2021","unstructured":"El Nahas N, Elbokl AM, Abd Eldayem EH, Roushdy TM, Amin RM, Helmy SM, et al. Navigated perilesional transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve post-stroke visual field defect: a double-blind sham-controlled study. Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2021;39(3):199\u2013207.","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1249_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.08.016","volume":"15","author":"AE Silva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silva AE, Lyu A, Leat SJ, Khan S, Labreche T, Chan JCH, et al. A differential effect of visual cortex tDCS on reading of English and Chinese in patients with central vision loss. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(5):1215\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"12","key":"1249_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2022.06.041","volume":"129","author":"MK daSilva","year":"2022","unstructured":"daSilva MK, Schumacher J, Collerton D, Colloby S, Elder GJ, Olsen K, et al. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Visual Hallucinations in Charles Bonnet Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Ophthalmology. 2022;129(12):1368\u201379.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"269","key":"1249_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2024.08.011","volume":"1","author":"T Wygnanski-Jaffe","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Kushner BJ, Moshkovitz A, Belkin M, Yehezkel O. High-Adherence Dichoptic Treatment Versus Patching in Anisometropic and Small Angle Strabismus Amblyopia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025;1(269):293\u2013302.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.10.032","volume":"126","author":"JM Holmes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group, Holmes JM, Manny RE, Lazar EL, Birch EE, Kelly KR, et al. A randomized trial of binocular dig rush game treatment for amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(3):456\u201366.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"1249_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06475-0","volume":"262","author":"CJ Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez CJ, Ferrer-Soldevila P, Artola-Roig A, Pi\u00f1ero DP. Rehabilitation of amblyopia using a digital platform for visual training combined with patching in children: a prospective study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;262(9):3007\u201320.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1249_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R CA, L DVB, Jj M, I PR, M de LAJ, Pe M, et al. Combined therapy of bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation and ocular occlusion improves visual function in adults with amblyopia, a randomized pilot study. Frontiers in human neuroscience [Internet]. 2023 Mar 2 [cited 2024 Sept 8];17. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36816499\/","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1056432"},{"key":"1249_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.017","volume":"114","author":"B Moret","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moret B, Camilleri R, Pavan A, Lo Giudice G, Veronese A, Rizzo R, et al. Differential effects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS) on contrast sensitivity and visual acuity when combined with a short perceptual training in adults with amblyopia. Neuropsychologia. 2018;114:125\u201333.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1249_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01402","volume":"5","author":"G Campana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Campana G, Camilleri R, Pavan A, Veronese A, Lo Giudice G. Improving visual functions in adult amblyopia with combined perceptual training and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS): a pilot study. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1402.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2019.02.018","volume":"12","author":"A Pavan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavan A, Ghin F, Contillo A, Milesi C, Campana G, Mather G. Modulatory mechanisms underlying high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS): a combined stochastic resonance and equivalent noise approach. Brain Stimul. 2019;12(4):967\u201377.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2014.01234","volume":"5","author":"R Camilleri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Camilleri R, Pavan A, Ghin F, Battaglini L, Campana G. Improvement of uncorrected visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with perceptual learning and transcranial random noise stimulation in individuals with mild myopia. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1234.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"Aug","key":"1249_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2016.06.024","volume":"89","author":"R Camilleri","year":"2016","unstructured":"Camilleri R, Pavan A, Campana G. The application of online transcranial random noise stimulation and perceptual learning in the improvement of visual functions in mild myopia. Neuropsychologia. 2016;89(Aug):225\u201331.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1249_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1326435","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1326435","volume":"16","author":"G Contemori","year":"2024","unstructured":"Contemori G, Maniglia M, Gu\u00e9not J, Soler V, Cherubini M, Cottereau BR, et al. Trns boosts visual perceptual learning in participants with bilateral macular degeneration. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024;16:1326435.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1249_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s10548-011-0196-8","volume":"24","author":"A Pascual-Leone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pascual-Leone A, Freitas C, Oberman L, Horvath JC, Halko M, Eldaief M, et al. Characterizing brain cortical plasticity and network dynamics across the age-span in health and disease with TMS-EEG and TMS-fMRI. Brain Topogr. 2011;24(3\u20134):302\u201315.","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"1249_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2021.07.004","volume":"143","author":"BN Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen BN, Malavita M, Carter OL, McKendrick AM. Neuroplasticity in older adults revealed by temporary occlusion of one eye. Cortex. 2021;143:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2005.11.002","volume":"25","author":"RE Hogg","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hogg RE, Chakravarthy U. Visual function and dysfunction in early and late age-related maculopathy. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2006;25(3):249\u201376.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1249_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311431963","volume":"26","author":"EB Plow","year":"2012","unstructured":"Plow EB, Obretenova SN, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A, Merabet LB. Comparison of visual field training for hemianopia with active versus sham transcranial direct cortical stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2012;26(6):616\u201326.","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"1249_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340365","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1340365","volume":"15","author":"L Diana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Diana L, Casati C, Melzi L, Bianchi Marzoli S, Bolognini N. The effects of occipital and parietal tDCS on chronic visual field defects after brain injury. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1340365.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.16559","volume":"32","author":"L Diana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Diana L, Casati C, Melzi L, Marzoli SB, Bolognini N. Enhancing multisensory rehabilitation of visual field defects with transcranial direct current stimulation: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Neurol. 2025;32(1):e16559.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1249_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344348","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1344348","volume":"24","author":"Y Lian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lian Y, Cheng X, Chen Q, Huang L, Xie L, Wang W, et al. Case report: Beneficial effects of visual cortex tDCS stimulation combined with visual training in patients with visual field defects. Front Neurol. 2024;24(15):1344348.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1249_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6594","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.13-12683","volume":"54","author":"AJ Weber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Weber AJ, Harman CD. BDNF treatment and extended recovery from optic nerve trauma in the cat. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(10):6594\u2013604.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"28","key":"1249_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5551","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3248-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"F Herpich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Herpich F, Melnick MD, Agosta S, Huxlin KR, Tadin D, Battelli L. Boosting learning efficacy with noninvasive brain stimulation in intact and brain-damaged humans. J Neurosci. 2019;39(28):5551\u201361 (July 10;).","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1249_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2008.20139","volume":"20","author":"PD Radoeva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Radoeva PD, Prasad S, Brainard DH, Aguirre GK. Neural activity within area V1 reflects unconscious visual performance in a case of blindsight. J Cogn Neurosci. 2008;20(11):1927\u201339.","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1249_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2013.03.013","volume":"51","author":"MAK Peters","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peters MAK, Thompson B, Merabet LB, Wu AD, Shams L. Anodal tDCS to V1 blocks visual perceptual learning consolidation. Neuropsychologia. 2013;51(7):1234\u20139.","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.15895","volume":"57","author":"D Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu D, Zhang P, Wang Y, Liu N, Sun K, Wang P, et al. Anodal online transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates visual motion perceptual learning. Eur J Neurosci. 2023;57(3):479\u201389.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"1249_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110669","volume":"199","author":"W Di","year":"2023","unstructured":"Di W, Yan Z, Yifan W, Na L, Pan Z. Dissociable effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on early and later stages of visual motion perceptual learning. Brain Res Bull. 2023;199:110669.","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"7","key":"1249_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.3620","volume":"14","author":"D Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu D, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Liu N, Zhang P. Transcranial direct current stimulation of the prefrontal and visual cortices diversely affects early and late perceptual learning. Brain Behav. 2024;14(7):e3620.","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"3","key":"1249_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.02.018","volume":"15","author":"Q He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He Q, Yang XY, Gong B, Bi K, Fang F. Boosting visual perceptual learning by transcranial alternating current stimulation over the visual cortex at alpha frequency. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(3):546\u201353.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"14","key":"1249_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.23.14.2","volume":"23","author":"Q He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He Q, Zhu X, Fang F. Enhancing visual perceptual learning using transcranial electrical stimulation: Transcranial alternating current stimulation outperforms both transcranial direct current and random noise stimulation. J Vis. 2023;23(14):2.","journal-title":"J Vis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.10.012","volume":"8","author":"C Krishnan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krishnan C, Santos L, Peterson MD, Ehinger M. Safety of noninvasive brain stimulation in children and adolescents. Brain Stimul. 2015;8(1):76\u201387.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"4","key":"1249_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.12.005","volume":"6","author":"C Pirulli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pirulli C, Fertonani A, Miniussi C. The role of timing in the induction of neuromodulation in perceptual learning by transcranial electric stimulation. Brain Stimul. 2013;6(4):683\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"issue":"2","key":"1249_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.01.019","volume":"15","author":"XY Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang XY, He Q, Fang F. Transcranial direct current stimulation over the visual cortex facilitates awake consolidation of visual perceptual learning. Brain Stimul. 2022;15(2):380\u20132.","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"1249_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He Q, Yang XY, Fang F. The role of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the consolidation of visual perceptual learning is mediated by the wake\/sleep cycle. Journal of Vision. 2021 Sept 27;21(9):2346.","DOI":"10.1167\/jov.21.9.2346"},{"key":"1249_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2022.11.016","volume":"146","author":"D Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu D, Wang Y, Liu N, Wang P, Sun K, Zhang P. Posttraining anodal tDCS improves early consolidation of visual perceptual learning. Clin Neurophysiol. 2023;146:89\u201396.","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1249_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-023-00215-w","volume":"19","author":"J Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park J, Lee S, Choi D, Im CH. Enhancement of dynamic visual acuity using transcranial alternating current stimulation with gamma burst entrained on alpha wave troughs. Behav Brain Funct. 2023;19(1):13.","journal-title":"Behav Brain Funct"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T11:04:53Z","timestamp":1761908693000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"references-count":147,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01249-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Xinyan Duan, Yulian Zhou, Peng Zhang, Wen Wen, and Chen Zhao have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}