{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1794078090378,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T16:42:46Z","timestamp":1763138566000},"page":"21-33","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Patient and Physician Perspectives on the Management of Diabetic Macular Edema"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Warren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Donohoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8952-0659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sobha","family":"Sivaprasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles C.","family":"Wykoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR1","volume":"16","author":"AA Cheema","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheema AA, Cheema HR. Diabetic macular edema management: a review of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies. Cureus. 2024;16(1):e52676.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"1268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S338478","volume":"15","author":"DR Nixon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nixon DR, Flinn N, Enderlein C. Contrast sensitivity changes in center involving diabetic macular edema treated with aflibercept. Clin Ophthalmol. 2021;15:4439\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S100168","volume":"10","author":"S Sivaprasad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sivaprasad S, Oyetunde S. Impact of injection therapy on retinal patients with diabetic macular edema or retinal vein occlusion. Clin Ophthalmol. 2016;10:939\u201346.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/13548506.2018.1533249","volume":"24","author":"MA Rose","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rose MA, Vukicevic M, Koklanis K, Rees G, Sandhu S, Itsiopoulos C. Experiences and perceptions of patients undergoing treatment and quality of life impact of diabetic macular edema: a systematic review. Psychol Health Med. 2019;24(4):383\u2013401.","journal-title":"Psychol Health Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-024-06558-y","volume":"262","author":"S Nakao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nakao S, Kusuhara S, Murakami T. Anti-VEGF therapy for the long-term management of diabetic macular edema: a treat-to-target strategy based on macular morphology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;262(12):3749\u201359.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-024-00603-y","volume":"10","author":"ASA Sakini","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sakini ASA, Hamid AK, Alkhuzaie ZA, et al. Diabetic macular edema (DME): dissecting pathogenesis, prognostication, diagnostic modalities along with current and futuristic therapeutic insights. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2024;10(1):83.","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"key":"1268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.01.013","volume":"126","author":"WD Strain","year":"2017","unstructured":"Strain WD, Cos X, Prunte C. Considerations for management of patients with diabetic macular edema: optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing safety concerns through interdisciplinary collaboration. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;126:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR8","first-page":"311","volume":"67","author":"N Holekamp","year":"2024","unstructured":"Holekamp N, Gentile B, Giocanti-Auregan A, et al. Patient experience survey of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment for neovascular age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmic Res. 2024;67(1):311\u201321.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Res"},{"issue":"23","key":"1268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12237435","volume":"12","author":"C Wolfram","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolfram C, Pfeiffer N, Hudde T, et al. The psychological, social and behavioral impact of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy: an analysis from the ALBATROS data. J Clin Med. 2023;12(23):7435.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79288-w","volume":"11","author":"PJ Rodriguez-Valdes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodriguez-Valdes PJ, Rehak M, Zur D, et al. Grading of functional and anatomical response to Dexamethasone implant in patients with diabetic macular edema: GRADE-dme study. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4738.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40942-023-00453-0","volume":"9","author":"RL Gurung","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gurung RL, FitzGerald LM, Liu E, et al. Predictive factors for treatment outcomes with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections in diabetic macular edema in clinical practice. Int J Retina Vitreous. 2023;9(1):23.","journal-title":"Int J Retina Vitreous"},{"issue":"12","key":"1268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-023-02455-6","volume":"37","author":"V Chaudhary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chaudhary V, Retina Evidence and Trials INternational Alliance (R.E.T.I.N.A.) Study Group. The need for a pragmatic, individualized treat-and-extend (T&E) treatment paradigm for centre-involving diabetic macular oedema. Eye (Lond). 2023;37(12):2431\u20133.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"21","key":"1268_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3362","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11213362","volume":"11","author":"J Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhang J, Zhang C, et al. Diabetic macular edema: current understanding, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Cells. 2022;11(21):3362.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18996","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98568-7","volume":"11","author":"B Jacobs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jacobs B, Palmer N, Shetty T, et al. Patient preferences in retinal drug delivery. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):18996.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01060-4","volume":"14","author":"F Ziemssen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ziemssen F, Sylvanowicz M, Amoaku WM, et al. Improving clinical management of diabetic macular edema: insights from a global survey of patients, healthcare providers, and clinic staff. Ophthalmol Ther. 2025;14(1):229\u201346.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2020-000669","volume":"6","author":"CK McClard","year":"2021","unstructured":"McClard CK, Wang R, Windham V, et al. Questionnaire to assess life impact of treatment by intravitreal injections (QUALITII): development of a patient-reported measure to assess treatment burden of repeat intravitreal injections. BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2021;6(1):e000669.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S399981","volume":"17","author":"S Somani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Somani S, Koushan K, Shah-Manek B, et al. Characteristics and treatment patterns of patients with diabetic macular edema non-responsive to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment in Ontario, Canada. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:2013\u201325.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2019.03.012","volume":"3","author":"JG Garweg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garweg JG, Stefanickova J, Hoyng C, et al. Vision-related quality of life in patients with diabetic macular edema treated with intravitreal aflibercept: the AQUA study. Ophthalmol Retina. 2019;3(7):567\u201375.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"key":"1268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/939315","volume":"2014","author":"JR Gonder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gonder JR, Walker VM, Barbeau M, et al. Costs and quality of life in diabetic macular edema: Canadian burden of diabetic macular edema observational study (C-REALITY). J Ophthalmol. 2014;2014:939315.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1268_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9120235","volume":"2020","author":"JC Chan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chan JC, Chan LP, Yeung CP, Tang TW, O YM, Lam WC. Effect of music on patient experience during intravitreal injection. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:9120235.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4375390","volume":"2020","author":"JC Herranz-Heras","year":"2020","unstructured":"Herranz-Heras JC, de-Pablo-Cabrera A, Alonso-Martin B, et al. Evaluation of anxiety levels in patients undergoing intravitreal injections and associated risk factors related to the disease. J Ophthalmol. 2020;2020:4375390.","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjophth-2022-001188","volume":"7","author":"R Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang R, McClard CK, Laswell S, et al. Quantifying burden of intravitreal injections: Questionnaire assessment of life impact of treatment by intravitreal injections (QUALITII). BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2022;7(1):e001188.","journal-title":"BMJ Open Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.781421","volume":"8","author":"TT Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai TT, Chen TC, Yang CH, Yang CM, Ho TC, Hsieh YT. Treat-and-extend vs. pro re nata regimen of ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema\u2014a two-year matched comparative study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:781421.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000445","volume":"10","author":"V Chaikitmongkol","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaikitmongkol V, Sagong M, Lai TYY, et al. Treat-and-extend regimens for the management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy: consensus and recommendations from the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2021;10(6):507\u201318.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307249","volume":"100","author":"C Pr\u00fcnte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pr\u00fcnte C, Fajnkuchen F, Mahmood S, et al. Ranibizumab 0.5\u2005mg treat-and-extend regimen for diabetic macular oedema: the RETAIN study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(6):787\u201395.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1268_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2020-316176","volume":"105","author":"JF Payne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Payne JF, Wykoff CC, Clark WL, Bruce BB, Boyer DS, Brown DM. Long-term outcomes of treat-and-extend ranibizumab with and without navigated laser for diabetic macular oedema: TREX-DME 3-year results. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021;105(2):253\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-020-01263-6","volume":"35","author":"R Chopra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chopra R, Wagner SK, Keane PA. Optical coherence tomography in the 2020s\u2013outside the eye clinic. Eye (Lond). 2021;35(1):236\u201343.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1268_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00953-8","volume":"13","author":"ET Willis","year":"2024","unstructured":"Willis ET, Kim JE, Schneider EW. Home optical coherence tomography monitoring for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: transformative technology or cool toy? Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(6):1407\u201316.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"1268_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1442758","volume":"11","author":"J Dolar-Szczasny","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dolar-Szczasny J, Drab A, Rejdak R. Home-monitoring\/remote optical coherence tomography in teleophthalmology in patients with eye disorders-a systematic review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024;11:1442758.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1268_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics15091140","author":"T Nurjanah","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nurjanah T, Patel M, Mar J, Holden D, Barrett SC, Yannuzzi NA. Expanding application of optical coherence tomography beyond the clinic: a narrative review. Diagnostics. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics15091140.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"5","key":"1268_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xops.2025.100772","volume":"5","author":"JS Heier","year":"2025","unstructured":"Heier JS, Holekamp NM, Busquets MA, et al. Pivotal trial validating usability and visualization performance of home OCT in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: report 1. Ophthalmol Sci. 2025;5(5):100772.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"1268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oret.2024.05.017","volume":"8","author":"BL Kuo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kuo BL, Tabano D, Garmo V, et al. Long-term treatment patterns for diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmol Retina. 2024;8(11):1074\u201382.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Retina"},{"issue":"11","key":"1268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9591","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24119591","volume":"24","author":"T Tatsumi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tatsumi T. Current treatments for diabetic macular edema: up to 6-year follow-up in the IRIS\u00ae registry. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(11):9591.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1268_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2018.11.008","volume":"70","author":"Z Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang Z, Liu CH, Huang S, Chen J. Wnt signaling in vascular eye diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019;70:110\u201333.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"1268_CR35","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT05919693. A 2-part study consisting of multiple ascending dose (MAD) safety study, and a dose-finding masked study to assess the safety and efficacy of intravitreal (IVT) EYE103 in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) or neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) (AMARONE). 2023. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05919693."},{"key":"1268_CR36","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT06571045. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 2 doses of EYE103 compared with ranibizumab (0.5\u00a0mg) in participants with DME (BRUNELLO). 2024. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06571045."},{"key":"1268_CR37","unstructured":"ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT06957080. A Study of 2 Doses of EYE103 Compared With Ranibizumab (0.5 mg) in Participants With DME (BAROLO). 2025. https:\/\/www.clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06957080."},{"issue":"1","key":"1268_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05216-5","volume":"22","author":"P Wisniewski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wisniewski P, Gangnus T, Burckhardt BB. Recent advances in the discovery and development of drugs targeting the kallikrein-kinin system. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):388.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"1268_CR39","unstructured":"EyePoint Pharmaceuticals. EyePoint Pharmaceuticals announces first patient dosed in phase 2 VERONA clinical trial of EYP-1901 for the treatment of diabetic macular edema. 2024. https:\/\/investors.eyepointpharma.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/eyepoint-pharmaceuticals-announces-first-patient-dosed-phase-2-1. Accessed May\u00a01, 2025."},{"key":"1268_CR40","unstructured":"Ocular Therapeutix. Ocular Therapeutix\u2122 shares SOL-R enrollment progress and next steps for AXPAXLI\u2122 in NPDR. 2025. https:\/\/investors.ocutx.com\/news-releases\/news-release-details\/ocular-therapeutixtm-shares-sol-r-enrollment-progress-and-next. Accessed 04 Jun 2025."}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T08:32:54Z","timestamp":1770453174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-025-01268-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Bernadette Warren has participated in small projects with Bayer, AbbVie, and Roche that are unrelated to this publication. Michael Donohoe has received personal speaking\/consultancy fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Health Union, Servier (Global), and he has also received a #dedoc voices scholarship. Sobha Sivaprasad has received research grants from Allergan, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Opthea, Optos, and Roche, and attended advisory board meetings of Allergan, Apellis, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Oculis, Opthea, Optos, Oxurion and Roche. Charles C. Wykoff reports consultancy for 4DMT, AbbVie, ADARx, Adverum, Aerie, Alcon, Alimera Sciences, Alkeus, Allgenesis, AMC Sciences, Annexon Biosciences, Apellis, Ascidian, Aviceda Therapeutics, Bausch\u2009+\u2009Lomb, Bayer, BioCryst, Bionic Vision Technologies, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chengdu Kanghong, CURACLE, Emmecell, EyeBiotech, EyePoint, Frontera, Genentech, InGel, Iveric Bio, Janssen, Kiora Pharmaceuticals, Kodiak, Kowa, Merck, Merit, Nanoscope, Neurotech, NGM, Novartis, Oak Bay Biosciences, Ocular Therapeutix, Ocuphire, OcuTerra, OLLIN, ONL Therapeutics, Opthea, Osanni Bio, Oxular, Palatin, Perceive Bio, Perfuse, Ray, Recens Medical, Regeneron, Regenxbio, RetinAI, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, Santen, SciNeuro Pharmaceuticals, Skyline, Stealth, Suzhou Raymon, Sylentis, TCG Crossover, Thea, Therini Bio, VH401 (Valo Health, Inc), Visgenx, and Zeiss. Received financial support from 4DMT, AbbVie, Adverum, AffaMed, Alexion, Alimera Sciences, Allgenesis, Amgen, Annexin, Annexon Biosciences, Apellis, Ascidian, AsclepiX, Aviceda Therapeutics, Avirmax, Bayer, Beacon (formerly AGTC), Boehringer Ingelheim, Chengdu Origen, Clearside, CURACLE, Eluminex, EyeBiotech, EyePoint, Genentech, Gyroscope, IONIS, Iveric bio, Janssen, Kalaris, Kodiak, Kyoto DDD, Kyowa Kirin, Nanoscope, Neurotech, NGM, Novartis, Ocugen, Ocular Therapeutix, Oculis, Ocuphire, OcuTerra, Opthea, Outlook Therapeutics, Oxular, Oxurion, Oyster Point, Perceive Bio, Priovant Therapeutics, Pykus, Regeneron, Regenxbio, Rezolute, Roche, Shanghai Henlius, Stealth, Skyline, and Valo. Personal financial interest in InGel, ONL, Osanni, Panther, PolyPhotonix, Recens Medical, TissueGen, Visgenx, and Vitranu.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on discussions with two patients and two retina specialists in the context of previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}