{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1781010366819,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T14:46:59Z","timestamp":1776869219000},"page":"1879-1906","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Surgical Management of Blepharophimosis\u2013Ptosis\u2013Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome (BPES): A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4998-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Wojciechowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1409-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Wojarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arina","family":"Drobashko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"K\u0119pska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bogdan","family":"Jab\u0142o\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaudia","family":"Kokot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Jankau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1370_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Neuhouser AJ, Zeppieri M, Harrison AR. Blepharophimosis Syndrome. StatPearls. 2025. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/33806295. Accessed 22 Dec 2025.","DOI":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_101_2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAPOS.2020.06.011","volume":"24","author":"NM Mohammed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohammed NM, Kamal MA, Abdelhafez MA, Diab MM. Single-triangle versus Fox pentagon frontalis suspension for unilateral severe congenital ptosis correction. J AAPOS. 2020;24(5):295.e1-295.e6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAPOS.2020.06.011.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"4","key":"1370_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SAP.0000437072.17014.41","volume":"74","author":"X Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song X, Jia R, Zhu H, et al. A modified staged surgical intervention for Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;74(4):410\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.SAP.0000437072.17014.41.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1370_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1038\/S41433-021-01547-5","volume":"35","author":"J Bacharach","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bacharach J, Lee WW, Harrison AR, Freddo TF. A review of acquired blepharoptosis: prevalence, diagnosis, and current treatment options. Eye (Lond). 2021;35(9):2468\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/S41433-021-01547-5.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0B013E318230A1C7","volume":"129","author":"S Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang S, Lehrman C, Itani K, Rohrich RJ. A systematic review of comparison of upper eyelid involutional ptosis repair techniques: efficacy and complication rates. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2012;129(1):149\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0B013E318230A1C7.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.3109\/08820538.2010.496695","volume":"25","author":"ARP De Figueiredo","year":"2010","unstructured":"De Figueiredo ARP. Blepharoptosis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2010;25(3):39\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/08820538.2010.496695.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2024.2328259","volume":"44","author":"R Medel","year":"2025","unstructured":"Medel R, Scherrer E, Casta\u00f1o Fern\u00e1ndez-Vega L, et al. Lambda-double-fixation for medial epicanthoplasty in Blepharophimosis\u2013Ptosis\u2013Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Orbit. 2025;44(1):64\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2024.2328259.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12886-022-02455-2","volume":"22","author":"AA Amer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amer AA, Abdellah MM, Hassan NHF, Mounir A. Surgical outcome of epicanthus and telecanthus correction by C-U medial canthoplasty with lateral canthoplasty in treatment of Blepharophimosis syndrome. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022;22(1):226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12886-022-02455-2.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1370_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0036850419893880","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Wu Q, Li L, et al. A modified Fox pentagon technique performed using a polytetrafluoroethylene sling in frontalis suspension to treat blepharophimosis syndrome. Sci Prog. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0036850419893880.","journal-title":"Sci Prog"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/SJ.EYE.6702644","volume":"22","author":"SY Wu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wu SY, Ma L, Tsai YJ, Kuo JZC. One-stage correction for Blepharophimosis syndrome. Eye. 2008;22(3):380\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/SJ.EYE.6702644.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830.2023.2300793","volume":"43","author":"E Meer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meer E, Ahmad M, Lifton J, et al. Outcomes for expanded polytetrafluoroethylene strip in frontalis suspension surgery. Orbit. 2024;43(3):307\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01676830.2023.2300793.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"2","key":"1370_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1046\/J.1442-9071.2003.00621.X","volume":"31","author":"PS Beckingsale","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beckingsale PS, Sullivan TJ, Wong VA, Oley C. Blepharophimosis: a recommendation for early surgery in patients with severe ptosis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003;31(2):138\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/J.1442-9071.2003.00621.X.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1370_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2015.1015146","volume":"34","author":"G Savino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Savino G, Mandar\u00e0 E, Calandriello L, Dickmann A, Petroni S. A modified one-stage early correction of blepharophimosis syndrome using Tutopatch slings. Orbit. 2015;34(4):186\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01676830.2015.1015146.","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AJO.2005.05.031","volume":"140","author":"GJ Ben Simon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ben Simon GJ, MacEdo AA, Schwarcz RM, Wang DY, McCann JD, Goldberg RA. Frontalis suspension for upper eyelid ptosis: evaluation of different surgical designs and suture material. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140(5):877\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AJO.2005.05.031.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1370_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JCJO.2023.06.002","volume":"59","author":"D Landau Prat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Landau Prat D, Zhao CS, Ramakrishnan M, Revere KE, Katowitz WR, Katowitz JA. Outcome of silicone sling frontalis suspension in children with simple congenital and complex ptosis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2024;59(4):264\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JCJO.2023.06.002.","journal-title":"Can J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1370_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012725.PUB2","author":"JB Rosenberg","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosenberg JB, Andersen J, Barmettler A. Types of materials for frontalis sling surgery for congenital ptosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012725.PUB2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.4103\/TJO.TJO_6_21","volume":"12","author":"A Mehta","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehta A, Naik M, Agarwal S. Single-triangle technique for congenital ptosis repair with a frontalis sling in blepharophimosis patients. Taiwan J Ophthalmol. 2022;12(1):82\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/TJO.TJO_6_21.","journal-title":"Taiwan J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1370_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3928\/01913913-20180213-02","volume":"55","author":"A Molinari","year":"2018","unstructured":"Molinari A, Weaver DT, Goldblum TA, Silbert D, Lopez SP, Matta N. Pediatric frontalis suspension with braided polyester: a comparison of two techniques. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(4):229\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3928\/01913913-20180213-02.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus"},{"issue":"2","key":"1370_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010997","volume":"154","author":"M Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao M, Wu L, Li W, Wang Q, Wang T, Wang J. Improvement of 1-stage comprehensive operation technique for blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2024;154(2):417\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000010997.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000207472.55066.8D","volume":"117","author":"H Friedhofer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Friedhofer H, Nigro MVAS, Filho AC, Ferreira MC. Correction of blepharophimosis with silicone implant suspensor. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006;117(5):1428\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.PRS.0000207472.55066.8D.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1442-9071.2006.01448.X","volume":"35","author":"A Taylor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Taylor A, Strike PW, Tyers AG. Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome: objective analysis of surgical outcome in patients from a single unit. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2007;35(3):262\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1442-9071.2006.01448.X.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01597520","volume":"8","author":"S Lessa","year":"1984","unstructured":"Lessa S, Sebasti\u00e1 R. Z-epicanthoplasty. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1984;8(3):159\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF01597520.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"1370_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BJPS.2015.06.008","volume":"68","author":"CY Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim CY, Lee SY. Structural and cosmetic outcomes of medial epicanthoplasty: an outcome study of three different techniques. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68(10):1346\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BJPS.2015.06.008.","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1370_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0B013E31825C081D","volume":"72","author":"TG Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim TG, Chung KJ, Kim YH, Lim JH, Lee JH. Medial canthopexy using Y-V epicanthoplasty incision in the correction of telecanthus. Ann Plast Surg. 2014;72(2):164\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0B013E31825C081D.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1370_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1016\/J.OPHTHA.2012.05.037","volume":"119","author":"HS Sa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sa HS, Lee JH, Woo KI, Kim YD. A new method of medial epicanthoplasty for patients with Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Ophthalmology. 2012;119(11):2402\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.OPHTHA.2012.05.037.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000011533","volume":"155","author":"CH Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong CH, Hung Hsieh MK. Medial epicanthoplasty with the skin-redraping technique: technical refinements for predictable outcomes. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2025;155(3):517e\u201322e. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/PRS.0000000000011533.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JAAPOS.2017.05.029","volume":"21","author":"A Mehta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mehta A, Garg P, Naik M, Kumari A. Congenital ptosis repair with a frontalis silicon sling: comparison between Fox\u2019s single pentagon technique and a modified Crawford double triangle technique. J AAPOS. 2017;21(5):365\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JAAPOS.2017.05.029.","journal-title":"J AAPOS"},{"issue":"4","key":"1370_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2014.1001853","volume":"49","author":"D Krohn-Hansen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krohn-Hansen D, Haaskjold E, Nicolaissen B. Suspension surgery with autogenous fascia lata via a less invasive modification of the Crawford method on 85 patients with congenital severe eyelid ptosis. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2015;49(4):214\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/2000656X.2014.1001853.","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.4103\/IJO.IJO_819_17","volume":"66","author":"A Naik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Naik A, Patel A, Bothra N, Panda L, Naik M, Rath S. Endoscope-assisted harvest of autogenous fascia lata in frontalis suspension surgery: a minimally invasive approach revisited. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2018;66(3):440\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/IJO.IJO_819_17.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1007\/S00266-011-9702-3","volume":"35","author":"R Sebasti\u00e1","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sebasti\u00e1 R, Herzog Neto G, Fallico E, Lessa S, Solari HP, Ventura MP. A one-stage correction of the Blepharophimosis Syndrome using a standard combination of surgical techniques. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2011;35(5):820\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00266-011-9702-3.","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"key":"1370_CR31","unstructured":"Study Details | NCT04883853 | A newly modified technique for levator muscle tucking in blepharoptosis surgery: an Egyptian tertiary center study | ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04883853. Accessed 29 Dec 2025."},{"key":"1370_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12886-018-0872-5","author":"X Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding X, Wang X, Cao Y, et al. Goldenhar syndrome with blepharophimosis and limb deformities: a case report. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/S12886-018-0872-5.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002781","volume":"27","author":"AL Portillo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Portillo AL, Poling MI, McCormick RJ. Surgical approach, findings, and eight-year follow-up in a twenty-nine year old female with Freeman-Sheldon Syndrome presenting with blepharophimosis causing near-complete visual obstruction. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(5):1273\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002781.","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1370_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0B013E31826B1F8F","volume":"1","author":"M Nuruddin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nuruddin M, Osmani M. Two-stage correction of Blepharophimosis Syndrome: analysis of surgical outcome. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2012;1(6):345\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/APO.0B013E31826B1F8F.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000198","volume":"75","author":"K Yamaguchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamaguchi K, Imai K, Fujimoto T, Takahashi M, Maruyama Y. Cosmetic comparison between the modified Uchida method and the Mustarde method for Blepharophimosis\u2013Ptosis\u2013Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Ann Plast Surg. 2015;75(5):518\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000198.","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/13816810.2021.1989603","volume":"43","author":"S Bowman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bowman S, Noble G, Rahmani B, Mets M, Ralay Ranaivo H, Castelluccio V. A case of blepharophimosis: Freeman Sheldon syndrome. Ophthalmic Genet. 2022;43(1):130\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13816810.2021.1989603.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Genet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1055\/S-0043-1770082","volume":"50","author":"Y Shirakawa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shirakawa Y, Uemura K, Kumegawa S, et al. Safety and pitfalls of blepharoptosis surgery in elderly people. Arch Plast Surg. 2023;50(5):446\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/S-0043-1770082.","journal-title":"Arch Plast Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.95870","volume":"60","author":"K Bhattacharjee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bhattacharjee K, Bhattacharjee H, Kuri G, Shah ZT, Deori N. Single stage surgery for Blepharophimosis syndrome. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2012;60(3):195\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0301-4738.95870.","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3S Suppl 1","key":"1370_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S82","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000708","volume":"33","author":"L Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou L, Wang T, Wang J. Blepharophimosis Ptosis Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome with congenital hypothyroidism and brachydactyly in a 7-year-old girl. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;33(3S Suppl 1):S82\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000000708.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1370_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.7507\/1002-1892.201712065","volume":"32","author":"C Qu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Qu C, Liu Y, Wang X, Li M, Li D, Tang S. [Effectiveness of levator muscle resection combined with Mustarde\u2019s double Z-plasty for Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2018;32(6):714\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7507\/1002-1892.201712065.","journal-title":"Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001390","volume":"35","author":"S Parvizi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parvizi S, Ong J, Abou Rayyah Y, Dunaway D. A novel medial canthal reconstruction technique in children with Blepharophimosis Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;35(5):506\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001390.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"1370_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1001\/ARCHOPHTHALMOL.2011.218","volume":"129","author":"CE Decock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Decock CE. Increased levator muscle function by supramaximal resection in patients with Blepharophimosis-Ptosis\u2013Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 2011;129(8):1018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/ARCHOPHTHALMOL.2011.218.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1370_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3109\/2000656X.2013.819004","volume":"48","author":"H Liu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Liu H, Shao Y, Zhao Z, Zhang D. One-stage correction of blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome using a frontalis muscle transfer technique. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2014;48(1):74\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/2000656X.2013.819004.","journal-title":"J Plast Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1370_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0B013E31821B6C58","volume":"27","author":"CE Decock","year":"2011","unstructured":"Decock CE, Claerhout I, Leroy BP, Kesteleyn P, Shah AD, De Baere E. Correction of the lower eyelid malpositioning in the Blepharophimosis-Ptosis-Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;27(5):368\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0B013E31821B6C58.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"1370_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.27432","author":"S Alkhairy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alkhairy S, Saeed H, Saeed S. Blepharophimosis, ptosis, and epicanthus inversus syndrome: a simple remedy for challenging cases. Cureus. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.27432.","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"1370_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.77134","author":"P Thacker","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thacker P, Agarwal R, Rastogi A, Joon A, Agarwal H, Aggarwal P. A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of silicone sling in the management of severe congenital ptosis. Cureus. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/CUREUS.77134.","journal-title":"Cureus."},{"key":"1370_CR47","unstructured":"Blepharoptosis in children: our experience at the light of literature\u2014PubMed. https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/20589354\/. Accessed 29 Dec 2025."},{"issue":"3","key":"1370_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.4103\/DJO.DJO_23_23","volume":"24","author":"MA ElSamkary","year":"2023","unstructured":"ElSamkary MA, Roshdy MM, Karim MA, Abdel Karim MAS. Recent modified technique for levator muscle tucking in blepharoptosis surgery. Delta J Ophthalmol. 2023;24(3):190\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/DJO.DJO_23_23.","journal-title":"Delta J Ophthalmol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:27:27Z","timestamp":1781008047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1370"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01370-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Julia Wojciechowska, Monika Wojarska, Arina Drobashko, Julia K\u0119pska, Bogdan Jab\u0142o\u0144ski, Laudia Kokot, and Jerzy Jankau declare that they have no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any new studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}