{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1781010366829,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T13:35:09Z","timestamp":1776432909000},"page":"1927-1939","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Randomized Multicenter Study Comparing Low-Viscosity with Comparator 0.3% Hyaluronic Acid for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct06388070","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Seong Jae","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Yong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jong Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Chul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Ju","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Kyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae Woong","family":"Koh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae-im","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"DaHye","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3453-3505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Young","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"282","key":"1372_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.05.038","volume":"24","author":"VL Perez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Perez VL, Chen W, Craig JP, et\u00a0al. TFOS DEWS III: executive summary. Am J Ophthalmol. 2025;24(282):135\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2025.05.038.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1372_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-75345-w","volume":"14","author":"A Kunboon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kunboon A, Tananuvat N, Upaphong P, Wongpakaran N, Wongpakaran T. Prevalence of dry eye disease symptoms, associated factors and impact on quality of life among medical students during the pandemic. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):23986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-75345-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1372_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-016-0364-4","volume":"16","author":"JH Moon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moon JH, Kim KW, Moon NJ. Smartphone use is a risk factor for pediatric dry eye disease according to region and age: a case control study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16(1):188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-016-0364-4.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1372_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021313","volume":"20","author":"D Wr\u00f3bel-Dudzi\u0144ska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wr\u00f3bel-Dudzi\u0144ska D, Osial N, St\u0119pie\u0144 PW, Gorecka A, \u017barnowski T. Prevalence of dry eye symptoms and associated risk factors among university students in Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph20021313.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1372_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003","volume":"15","author":"F Stapleton","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stapleton F, Alves M, Bunya VY, et\u00a0al. TFOS DEWS II epidemiology report. Ocul Surf. 2017;15(3):334\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.05.003.","journal-title":"Ocul Surf"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"1372_CR6","first-page":"S88","volume":"14","author":"MA Lemp","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lemp MA. Management of dry eye disease. Am J Manag Care. 2008;14(3 Suppl):S88-101.","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"key":"1372_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2951","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S256480","volume":"14","author":"P Aragona","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aragona P, Ben\u00edtez-Del-Castillo JM, Coroneo MT, et\u00a0al. Safety and efficacy of a preservative-free artificial tear containing carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid for dry eye disease: a randomized, controlled, multicenter 3-month study. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:2951\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S256480.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1372_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-0028-1","volume":"244","author":"ME Johnson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson ME, Murphy PJ, Boulton M. Effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate eyedrops in the treatment of dry eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006;244(1):109\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00417-005-0028-1.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1372_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2023.64.2.170","volume":"64","author":"JN Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JN, Koh JW, Choi HJ, Byun YS, Jung JW, Lee SM. Characteristics of hyaluronic acid and its use in ocular surface diseases including dry eye. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2023;64(2):170\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/jkos.2023.64.2.170.","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"issue":"12","key":"1372_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules22122104","volume":"22","author":"A Fallacara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fallacara A, Vertuani S, Panozzo G, Pecorelli A, Valacchi G, Manfredini S. Novel artificial tears containing cross-linked hyaluronic acid: an in vitro re-epithelialization study. Molecules (Basel). 2017;22(12):2104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules22122104.","journal-title":"Molecules (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1372_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.8.6.2","volume":"8","author":"P Aragona","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aragona P, Simmons PA, Wang H, Wang T. Physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acid-based lubricant eye drops. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2019;8(6):2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/tvst.8.6.2.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1372_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.13887","volume":"97","author":"G Carracedo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carracedo G, Pastrana C, Serramito M, Rodriguez-Pomar C. Evaluation of tear meniscus by optical coherence tomography after different sodium hyaluronate eyedrops instillation. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019;97(2):e162\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.13887.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1372_CR13","unstructured":"Huons Co., Ltd. Eye drop composition high concentration of hyaluronic acid or salt thereof. WO2020141711A1. 2020."},{"issue":"8","key":"1372_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10080511","volume":"10","author":"WGK M\u00fcller-Lierheim","year":"2020","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Lierheim WGK. Why chain length of hyaluronan in eye drops matters. Diagnostics (Basel). 2020;10(8):511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics10080511.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"1372_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.5124\/jkma.2018.61.6.352","volume":"61","author":"EC Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim EC. Diagnosis and treatment of dry eye syndrome. J Korean Med Assoc. 2018;61(6):352\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5124\/jkma.2018.61.6.352.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1372_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008","volume":"22","author":"AJ Bron","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bron AJ, Evans VE, Smith JA. Grading of corneal and conjunctival staining in the context of other dry eye tests. Cornea. 2003;22(7):640\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003226-200310000-00008.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"issue":"4","key":"1372_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.167827","volume":"22","author":"RP Shamsheer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamsheer RP, Arunachalam C. A clinical study of meibomian gland dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2015;22(4):462\u20136.","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1372_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.3341\/jkos.2016.57.12.1849","volume":"57","author":"SW Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang SW, Byun YS, Rho CR, et\u00a0al. Comparisons for evaluation of efficacy and safety of cyclosporin A 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion treatment groups. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc. 2016;57(12):1849\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3341\/jkos.2016.57.12.1849.","journal-title":"J Korean Ophthalmol Soc"},{"key":"1372_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S135550","volume":"11","author":"PA Simmons","year":"2017","unstructured":"Simmons PA, Vehige JG. Investigating the potential benefits of a new artificial tear formulation combining two polymers. Clin Ophthalmol. 2017;11:1637\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S135550.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1372_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.15159","volume":"100","author":"L Hynnekleiv","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hynnekleiv L, Magno M, Vernhardsdottir RR, et\u00a0al. Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of dry eye disease. Acta Ophthalmol. 2022;100(8):844\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.15159.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1372_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e22","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.12167","volume":"92","author":"JS L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2014","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda JS, Garc\u00eda-Lozano I, Rivas L, Ram\u00edrez N, Raposo R, M\u00e9ndez MT. Autologous serum eye drops diluted with sodium hyaluronate: clinical and experimental comparative study. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014;92(1):e22\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aos.12167. (Epub 2013 Jul 26.).","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1372_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-021-01977-0","volume":"22","author":"OL Lanier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lanier OL, Manfre MG, Bailey C, et\u00a0al. Review of approaches for increasing ophthalmic bioavailability for eye drop formulations. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2021;22(3):107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-021-01977-0.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"1372_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S489669","volume":"19","author":"SJ Kim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kim SJ, Yoo WS, Kwon LH, Kim RB, Yoon HJ, Yoon KC. A prospective, crossover, randomized, double-blind clinical study comparing the effectiveness and ocular comfort of 0.1% hyaluronic acid and 0.3% hyaluronic acid in patients with dry eye disease. Clin Ophthalmol. 2025;19:407\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/OPTH.S489669.","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1372_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010051","volume":"9","author":"CS de Paiva","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Paiva CS, Pflugfelder SC, Ng SM, Akpek EK. Topical cyclosporine A therapy for dry eye syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;9(9):CD010051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD010051.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1372_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/s0161-6420(99)00176-1","volume":"107","author":"K Sall","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sall K, Stevenson OD, Mundorf TK, Reis BL, CsA Phase 3 Study Group. Two multicenter, randomized studies of the efficacy and safety of cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion in moderate to severe dry eye disease. Ophthalmology. 2000;107(4):631\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0161-6420(99)00176-1.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1372_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1089\/jop.2016.0086","volume":"33","author":"Y Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park Y, Song JS, Choi CY, Yoon KC, Lee HK, Kim HS. A randomized multicenter study comparing 0.1%, 0.15%, and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate with 0.05% cyclosporine in the treatment of dry eye. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2017;33(2):66\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jop.2016.0086.","journal-title":"J Ocul Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1372_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03565-9","volume":"24","author":"CC Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun CC, Hsu SL, Liang CM, Tsai YY, Lin PY. Bridging the gap in managing dry eye disease: a consensus report by the Taiwan Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons. BMC Ophthalmol. 2024;24(1):314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12886-024-03565-9.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1372_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S297369","volume":"14","author":"N Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhang JS, Zhang TX, Shao YS, Zhang F. The effect of sodium hyaluronate on the corneal biomechanics of patients with cataract and dry eye before operation. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:2377\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJGM.S297369.","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T12:27:28Z","timestamp":1781008048000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1372"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01372-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Seong Jae Kim, Jae Yong Kim, Dong Hyun Kim, Jong Soo Lee, Eun Chul Kim, Young Ju Shin, Hong Kyun Kim, Jae Woong Koh, Tae-im Kim, Da Hye Jung, and Chul Young Choi have nothing to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"This study adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines of Good Clinical Practice and was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital; Approval No. KBSMC 2023-11-020. The study was approved by all participating ethics committees(Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital; Approval No. HKS IRB 2023-11-013, Kyungpook National University Hospital; Approval No. HNUH 2023-11-016, Gyeongsang National University Hospital; Approval No. GNUH 2023-11-017, Korea University Anam Hospital; Approval No. 2024AN0035, Pusan National University Hospital; Approval No. 2312-001-144, Catholic University Bucheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital; Approval No. HC23MDDT0118, Asan Medical Center; Approval No. 2023-1556, Yonsei University Severance Hospital; Approval No. 4-2024-0025, and Chosun University Hospital; Approval No. CHOSUN 2023-11-008) and all patients provided written informed consent before study screening.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}