{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:12:42Z","timestamp":1785420762000,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782777600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271125"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271125"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:49:29Z","timestamp":1782863369000},"page":"2695-2711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Retinal Vascular Features and Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Population-Based Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wenli","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min-Er","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenchao","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingyan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhishen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tengda","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghua","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danli","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9466-7591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1418_CR1","first-page":"3","volume":"74","author":"B Freddie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Freddie B, Mathieu L, Hyuna S, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2024;74:3.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1418_CR2","first-page":"3","volume":"70","author":"LS Rebecca","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rebecca LS, Kimberly DM, Ann GS, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70:3.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"1418_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312712","volume":"67","author":"C Doubeni","year":"2018","unstructured":"Doubeni C, Corley D, Quinn V, et al. Effectiveness of screening colonoscopy in reducing the risk of death from right and left colon cancer: a large community-based study. Gut. 2018;67:2.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1418_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandel JS, Bond JH, Church TR, et al. Reducing mortality from colorectal cancer by screening for fecal occult blood. Minnesota Colon Cancer Control Study. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:19.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199305133281901"},{"key":"1418_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2017.58.5.918","volume":"58","author":"NH Kim","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kim NH, Lee MY, Park JH, et al. Serum CEA and CA 19\u20139 levels are associated with the presence and severity of colorectal neoplasia. Yonsei Med J. 2017;58:5.","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"key":"1418_CR6","volume":"40","author":"A Mihalache","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mihalache A, Rogoveanu I. Angiogenesis factors involved in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. Curr Health Sci J. 2014;40:1.","journal-title":"Curr Health Sci J"},{"key":"1418_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197108122850711","volume":"285","author":"J Folkman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N Engl J Med. 1971;285:21.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1418_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0027","volume":"25","author":"N Ferrara","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 2004;25:4.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1418_CR9","first-page":"6b","volume":"28","author":"R Bendardaf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bendardaf R, Buhmeida A, Hilska M, et al. VEGF-1 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with disease localization, stage, and long-term disease-specific survival. Anticancer Res. 2008;28:6b.","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"1418_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-79139-8","volume":"11","author":"Y Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma Y, Su X, Li X, et al. Combined detection of peripheral blood VEGF and inflammation biomarkers to evaluate the clinical response and prognostic prediction of non-operative ESCC. Sci Rep. 2021;11:1.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1418_CR11","volume":"1221","author":"S Kondo","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kondo S, Asano M, Matsuo K, Ohmori I, Suzuki H. Vascular endothelial growth factor\/vascular permeability factor is detectable in the sera of tumor-bearing mice and cancer patients. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994;1221:2.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"1418_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-203","author":"KA Kwon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kwon KA, Kim SH, Oh SY, et al. Clinical significance of preoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein level in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-203.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1418_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-023-06223-w","volume":"262","author":"VL Yuen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuen VL, Zhang XJ, Ling X, et al. Effects of firsthand tobacco smoking on retinal vessel caliber: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2024;262:5.","journal-title":"Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1418_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.61.8.42","volume":"61","author":"Q Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng Q, Hu Y, Huang M, et al. Retinal neurovascular impairment in patients with essential hypertension: an optical coherence tomography angiography study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2020;61:8.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1167\/tvst.10.2.20","volume":"10","author":"X Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao X, Liu Y, Zhang W, et al. Relationships between retinal vascular characteristics and renal function in patients with type\u00a02 diabetes mellitus. Transl Vis Sci Technol. 2021;10:2.","journal-title":"Transl Vis Sci Technol"},{"key":"1418_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.15-19006","volume":"57","author":"A Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves A, Lin CM, Muthusamy A, et al. Protective effect of a GLP-1 analog on ischemia-reperfusion induced blood-retinal barrier breakdown and inflammation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:6.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgp127","volume":"30","author":"F Colotta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Colotta F, Allavena P, Sica A, Garlanda C, Mantovani A. Cancer-related inflammation, the seventh hallmark of cancer: links to genetic instability. Carcinogenesis. 2009;30:7.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"1418_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104270","author":"M Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan M, Long Q, Sun X. OCTA-based research on changes of retinal microcirculation in digestive tract malignancy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2024.104270.","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther"},{"key":"1418_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Danli S, Zhihong L, Wei W, et al. A deep learning system for fully automated retinal vessel measurement in high throughput image analysis. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:823436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcvm.2022.823436.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.823436"},{"key":"1418_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001779","volume":"12","author":"C Sudlow","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sudlow C, Gallacher J, Allen N, et al. UK biobank: an open access resource for identifying the causes of a wide range of complex diseases of middle and old age. PLoS Med. 2015;12:3.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"1418_CR21","first-page":"3","volume":"111","author":"C Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li C, Huang Y, Chen J, et al. Retinal oculomics and risk of incident aortic aneurysm and aortic adverse events: a population-based cohort study. Int J Surg. 2025;111:3.","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1418_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.13.1063","volume":"85","author":"DG Hoel","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hoel DG, Ron E, Carter R, Mabuchi K. Influence of death certificate errors on cancer mortality trends. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1993;85:13.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"3","key":"1418_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.71.3.242","volume":"71","author":"C Percy","year":"1981","unstructured":"Percy C, Stanek E 3rd, Gloeckler L. Accuracy of cancer death certificates and its effect on cancer mortality statistics. Am J Public Health. 1981;71(3):3.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1418_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.05.016","author":"KS Tan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tan KS. Misclassification of the actual causes of death and its impact on analysis: a case study in non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lungcan.2019.05.016.","journal-title":"Lung Cancer"},{"key":"1418_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.022479","volume":"10","author":"H Kaneko","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaneko H, Yano Y, Itoh H, et al. Untreated hypertension and subsequent incidence of colorectal cancer: analysis of a nationwide epidemiological database. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:22.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"1418_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100794","author":"C Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang C, Cheng Y, Luo D, et al. Association between cardiovascular risk factors and colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. EClinicalMedicine. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.100794.","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"key":"1418_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djae223","volume":"117","author":"J Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao J, Xue E, Zhou S, et al. Allostatic load, genetic susceptibility, incidence risk, and all-cause mortality of colorectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2025;117:1.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"1418_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-024-01017-x","volume":"21","author":"NS Wilcox","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wilcox NS, Amit U, Reibel JB, Berlin E, Howell K, Ky B. Cardiovascular disease and cancer: shared risk factors and mechanisms. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2024;21:9.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"1418_CR29","volume":"162","author":"SC Shah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shah SC, Itzkowitz SH. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: mechanisms and management. Gastroenterology. 2022;162:3.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1418_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-023-03561-x","volume":"85","author":"X Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang X, Dong L, Luo L, Zhou D, Ling S, Li D. Artificial intelligence-based quantitative evaluation of retinal vascular parameters in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Endocrine. 2024;85:1.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"1418_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41433-024-03285-w","volume":"38","author":"YP Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang YP, Vadloori S, Kang EY, Fukushima Y, Takahashi R, Wu WC. Computer-aided detection of retinopathy of prematurity severity assessment via vessel tortuosity measurement in preterm infants\u2019 fundus images. Eye (Lond). 2024;38:17.","journal-title":"Eye (Lond)"},{"key":"1418_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2018.04.023","volume":"125","author":"R Klein","year":"2018","unstructured":"Klein R, Lee KE, Danforth L, et al. The relationship of retinal vessel geometric characteristics to the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2018;125:11.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"1418_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11613\/BM.2020.030502","volume":"30","author":"S Ka\u0161telan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ka\u0161telan S, Ore\u0161kovi\u0107 I, Bi\u0161\u0107an F, Ka\u0161telan H, Gverovi\u0107 Antunica A. Inflammatory and angiogenic biomarkers in diabetic retinopathy. Biochem Med (Zagreb). 2020;30:3.","journal-title":"Biochem Med (Zagreb)"},{"key":"1418_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-018-0195-0","volume":"2","author":"R Poplin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poplin R, Varadarajan AV, Blumer K, et al. Prediction of cardiovascular risk factors from retinal fundus photographs via deep learning. Nat Biomed Eng. 2018;2:3.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"key":"1418_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.18-25341","volume":"59","author":"JA van de Kreeke","year":"2018","unstructured":"van de Kreeke JA, Nguyen HT, Konijnenberg E, et al. Retinal and cerebral microvasculopathy: relationships and their genetic contributions. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2018;59:12.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR36","volume":"9","author":"E Cheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cheng E, Shi Q, Shields AF, et al. Association of inflammatory biomarkers with survival among patients with stage III colon cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2023;9:3.","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol"},{"key":"1418_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2014.10.006","volume":"26","author":"RK Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain RK. Antiangiogenesis strategies revisited: from starving tumors to alleviating hypoxia. Cancer Cell. 2014;26:5.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"1418_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-017-0909-9","volume":"17","author":"T Bek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bek T. Diameter changes of retinal vessels in diabetic retinopathy. Curr Diab Rep. 2017;17:10.","journal-title":"Curr Diab Rep"},{"key":"1418_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-025-07355-z","volume":"16","author":"F Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong F, Zhou P, Kong F, et al. PCDH17 induces colorectal cancer metastasis by destroying the vascular endothelial barrier. Cell Death Dis. 2025;16:1.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"1418_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/DCR.0b013e3181a0e5df","volume":"52","author":"ML Slattery","year":"2009","unstructured":"Slattery ML, Curtin K, Wolff RK, et al. A comparison of colon and rectal somatic DNA alterations. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009;52:7.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1418_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092577","volume":"19","author":"S Paschke","year":"2018","unstructured":"Paschke S, Jafarov S, Staib L, et al. Are colon and rectal cancer two different tumor entities? A proposal to abandon the term colorectal cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19:9.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603176","volume":"94","author":"G Des Guetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Des Guetz G, Uzzan B, Nicolas P, et al. Microvessel density and VEGF expression are prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. Meta-analysis of the literature. Br J Cancer. 2006;94:12.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1418_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms150711324","volume":"15","author":"CM Steyers 3rd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Steyers CM 3rd, Miller FJ Jr. Endothelial dysfunction in chronic inflammatory diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2014;15:7.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1418_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2016.589","volume":"112","author":"DA Drew","year":"2017","unstructured":"Drew DA, Nishihara R, Lochhead P, et al. A prospective study of smoking and risk of synchronous colorectal cancers. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017;112:3.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T13:34:24Z","timestamp":1785418464000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1418"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01418-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Wenli Zhang, Lei Liu, Min-Er Zhong, Cong Li, Yun Ren, Zhenchao Du, Yan Wang, Jingyan Peng, Ying Yao, Xue He, Heng Li, Zhishen Peng, Tengda Huang, Yong Li, Honghua Yu, Danli Shi, and Xiaohong Yang declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The UK Biobank received ethical approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (11\/NW\/0382). The current study complied with all ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. This work was performed under UK Biobank Application 86091. All participants provided written informed consent at the time of enrollment in the UK Biobank; no additional consent was required for this sub-analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}