{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:12:24Z","timestamp":1788642744539,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T12:36:07Z","timestamp":1786538167000},"page":"3273-3292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Mixed-Methods Investigation of Myopia Management Practices Among Eye Care Practitioners in China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jong Mei","family":"Khew","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohd Zaki","family":"Awg Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Jong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kah Ooi","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.006","volume":"123","author":"BA Holden","year":"2000","unstructured":"Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA, Jong M, Naidoo KS, Sankaridurg P, et al. Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology. 2000;123(5):1036\u201342.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1471_CR2","first-page":"234","volume":"78","author":"HM Wu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wu HM, Seet B, Yap EP, Saw SM, Lim TH, Chia KS. Does education explain ethnic differences in myopia prevalence? A population-based study of young adult males in Singapore. Optom Vis Sci. 2001;78(4):234\u20139.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-018-0829-8","volume":"18","author":"M Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen M, Wu A, Zhang L, Wang W, Chen X, Yu X, et al. The increasing prevalence of myopia and high myopia among high school students in Fenghua city, eastern China: a 15-year population-based survey. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018;18(1):159.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1471_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-307724","volume":"100","author":"AR Rudnicka","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rudnicka AR, Kapetanakis VV, Wathern AK, Logan NS, Gilmartin B, Whincup PH, et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(7):882\u201390.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1471_CR5","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Updates on myopia: a clinical perspective","author":"S Matsumura","year":"2019","unstructured":"Matsumura S, Ching-Yu C, Saw SM. Global epidemiology of myopia. In: Updates on myopia: a clinical perspective. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2019. p. 27\u201351."},{"issue":"105","key":"1471_CR6","first-page":"5","volume":"32","author":"K Williams","year":"2019","unstructured":"Williams K, Hammond C. High myopia and its risks. Community Eye Health. 2019;32(105):5.","journal-title":"Community Eye Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/opo.12238","volume":"35","author":"PK Verkicharla","year":"2015","unstructured":"Verkicharla PK, Ohno\u2010Matsui K, Saw SM. Current and predicted demographics of high myopia and an update of its associated pathological changes. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2015;35(5):465\u201375.","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.62.5.2","volume":"62","author":"P Sankaridurg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sankaridurg P, Tahhan N, Kandel H, Naduvilath T, Zou H, Frick KD, et al. IMI impact of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;62(5):2.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2016.02.005","volume":"39","author":"JS Wolffsohn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolffsohn JS, Calossi A, Cho P, Gifford K, Jones L, Li M, et al. Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2016;39(2):106\u201316.","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.11.002","volume":"43","author":"JS Wolffsohn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolffsohn JS, Calossi A, Cho P, Gifford K, Jones L, Jones D, et al. Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice\u20142019 update. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2019;43(1):9\u201317.","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"},{"issue":"6","key":"1471_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.64.6.6","volume":"64","author":"JS Wolffsohn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wolffsohn JS, Whayeb Y, Logan NS, Weng R. IMI\u2014Global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice\u20142022 update. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2022;64(6):6.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2019.06.008","volume":"43","author":"N Efron","year":"2020","unstructured":"Efron N, Morgan PB, Woods CA, Santodomingo-Rubido J, Nichols JJ, International Contact Lens Prescribing Survey Consortium. International survey of contact lens fitting for myopia control in children. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2020;43(1):4\u20138.","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye."},{"key":"1471_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101484","author":"W Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan W, Saw SM, Wong TY, Morgan I, Yang Z, Lan W. Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050. Lancet Reg Health West Pac. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2025.101484.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"4","key":"1471_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-00887-1","volume":"13","author":"W Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan W, Lan W. The current and future landscape of the childhood myopia epidemic in China\u2014A review. Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(4):883\u201394.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"1471_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.12.11003","volume":"12","author":"Y Ma","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ma Y, Wen Y, Zhong H, Lin S, Liang L, Yang Y, et al. Healthcare utilization and economic burden of myopia in urban China: a nationwide cost-of-illness study. J Glob Health. 2022;12:11003.","journal-title":"J Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2021-319306","volume":"107","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Chen Y, Tan Z, Xiong R, McGuinness MB, M\u00fcller A. Interventions recommended for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents in China: a systematic review. Br J Ophthalmol. 2023;107(2):160\u20136.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12960-020-00471-1","volume":"18","author":"L Zhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhan L, Safaya N, Erkou H, An L, Wang Z, Feng J, et al. A comparative analysis on human resources among the specialized ophthalmic medical institutions in China. Hum Resour Health. 2020;18(1):29.","journal-title":"Hum Resour Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.13115","volume":"104","author":"GC Woo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Woo GC, Lin Z. Development of optometry in the People\u2019s Republic of China. Clin Exp Optom. 2021;104(2):139\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1097\/APO.0000000000000389","volume":"10","author":"F Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu F, Chen W, Li M, Zhou X, Qu J. From establishing a world-renowned eye institute to integrating ophthalmology and optometry in China: the story of the eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2021;10(2):135\u201341.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-024-11987-w","volume":"24","author":"JD Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang JD, Chen CX, Liu MR, Zhang LJ, Sun Y, Cao K. Nation-wide survey of ophthalmic human resources in China in 2021. BMC Health Serv Res. 2024;24(1):1490.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"1471_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare11192665","volume":"11","author":"K Rana","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rana K, Poudel P, Chimoriya R. Qualitative methodology in translational health research: current practices and future directions. Healthcare. 2023;11(19):2665.","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"2","key":"1471_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia5020051","volume":"5","author":"K Rana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rana K, Chimoriya R. A guide to a mixed-methods approach to healthcare research. Encyclopedia. 2025;5(2):51.","journal-title":"Encyclopedia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1471_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/puar.12981","volume":"78","author":"K Hendren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hendren K, Luo QE, Pandey SK. The state of mixed methods research in public administration and public policy. Public Adm Rev. 2018;78(6):904\u201316.","journal-title":"Public Adm Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117","volume":"13","author":"NK Gale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2013;13(1):117.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1471_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/cxo.12955","volume":"103","author":"TC Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu TC, Semsarian CR, White A, Dunn H, Angell B, Ford B, et al. Journey to glaucoma care\u2013trusting but uncertain and uninformed: a qualitative study. Clin Exp Optom. 2020;103(4):484\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"11","key":"1471_CR26","first-page":"1772","volume":"20","author":"SJ Gentles","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gentles SJ, Charles C, Ploeg J, McKibbon KA. Sampling in qualitative research: insights from an overview of the methods literature. Qual Rep. 2015;20(11):1772\u201389.","journal-title":"Qual Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"1471_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","volume":"26","author":"K Malterud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 2016;26(13):1753\u201360.","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1471_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3095","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-024-01045-3","volume":"13","author":"Y Qian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qian Y, Lu P. Parents\u2019 or guardians\u2019 knowledge, attitudes and practices in the prevention and management of childhood myopia. Ophthalmol Ther. 2024;13(12):3095\u2013109.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"1471_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000002028","volume":"100","author":"Y Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang Y, Jiang J. A survey of myopia correction pattern of children and parent\u2019s attitudes in China. Optom Vis Sci. 2023;100(6):388\u201396.","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR30","first-page":"497","volume":"15","author":"LQ Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu LQ, Bi Y, Yang X, He QJ, Wan XH. Human resource and development proposal of optometry in China. Chin J Evid Based Med. 2015;15(5):497\u20139.","journal-title":"Chin J Evid Based Med"},{"key":"1471_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-3787-2_18","volume-title":"South-East Asia eye health: systems, practices, and challenges","author":"K Naidoo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naidoo K, Arvind A, Abesamos-Dichoso C, Tan KO, Govender-Poonsamy P. Optometry in South-East Asia. In: South-East Asia eye health: systems, practices, and challenges. Singapore: Springer Singapore; 2021. p. 303\u201311."},{"issue":"3","key":"1471_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1080\/08164622.2024.2412254","volume":"108","author":"K Alam","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alam K, Chen J, Ho M, Gammoh Y, Jansen L, DeSouza N, et al. Advancing optometry education through global frameworks and international collaborations. Clin Exp Optom. 2025;108(3):233\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optom.2022.03.002","volume":"16","author":"C Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-P\u00e9rez C, Villa-Collar C, Santodomingo-Rubido J, Wolffsohn JS. Strategies and attitudes on the management of myopia in clinical practice in Spain. J Optom. 2023;16(1):64\u201373.","journal-title":"J Optom"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12886-024-03337-5","volume":"24","author":"MA Youssef","year":"2024","unstructured":"Youssef MA, Shehata AR, Adly AM, Ahmed MR, Abo-Bakr HF, Fawzy RM, et al. Efficacy of repeated low-level red light (RLRL) therapy on myopia outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Ophthalmol. 2024;24(1):78.","journal-title":"BMC Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1471_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2024.5977","volume":"143","author":"YX Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang YX, Wang N, Wong TY. Red light therapy for myopia\u2014Current regulatory changes in China. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2025;143(3):197\u20138.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1471_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-22003-z","volume":"25","author":"B Zhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhan B, Huang Y, Wang B, Zhao J, Shang J, Chen Z, et al. Chinese parents\u2019 knowledge, attitude, and practice of myopia control: 2023 update. BMC Public Health. 2023;25(1):779.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1471_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2409","DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-023-00743-8","volume":"12","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Chen Z, Wang B, Zhao J, Zhou X, Qu X, et al. Chinese parents\u2019 perspective on myopia: a cross-sectional survey study. Ophthalmol Ther. 2023;12(5):2409\u201325.","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Ther"},{"key":"1471_CR38","unstructured":"Public Health Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association. [Chinese expert consensus on comprehensive public health intervention for myopia prevention and control in children and adolescents]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2023;103(38):3002\u20139 (Chinese)."},{"key":"1471_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102492","author":"Y Whayeb","year":"2025","unstructured":"Whayeb Y, Wolffsohn JS, Logan NS, Santodomingo-Rubido J. IMI-global trends in myopia management attitudes and strategies in clinical practice\u2014A nine-year review. Contact Lens Anterior Eye. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clae.2025.102492.","journal-title":"Contact Lens Anterior Eye"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:03:02Z","timestamp":1788642182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1471"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01471-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors (Jong Mei Khew, Mohd Zaki Awg Isa, Monica Jong, Fan Lu, Jun Jiang, Philip Morgan, Kah Ooi Tan) declare there are no conflicts of interest in this study. The Asia Optometric Congress supported this study and had no role in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board (or ethics committee) of Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC 4657) at the University of Canberra, Australia, and the Management and Science University Research Management Committee (MSU-RMC-02\/FR01\/01\/L1\/017) in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study, with all the participants signing an informed consent form and were assured that their personal information and identities would remain confidential and anonymous.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}