{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:12:25Z","timestamp":1788642745269,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Ophthalmol Ther"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T10:46:16Z","timestamp":1788173176000},"page":"3547-3558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-Term Graft Survival Following Penetrating Keratoplasty in Eyes with Preoperative Corneal Neovascularization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8512-2450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Menean","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Servillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pasquale","family":"Viggiano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia","family":"Mularoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Paganoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bandello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karl Anders","family":"Knutsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"1487_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000001281","author":"M Matthaei","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matthaei M, Sandhaeger H, Hermel M, et al. Changing indications in penetrating keratoplasty: a systematic review of 34\u00a0years of global reporting. Transplantation. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000001281.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1487_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000080","author":"PA Ple-Plakon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ple-Plakon PA, Shtein RM. Trends in corneal transplantation: indications and techniques. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000080.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833a8e23","author":"N Sharma","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sharma N, Sachdev R, Jhanji V, Titiyal JS, Vajpayee RB. Therapeutic keratoplasty for microbial keratitis. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICU.0b013e32833a8e23.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002880","author":"A Di Zazzo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Zazzo A, Varacalli G, De Gregorio C, Coassin M, Bonini S. Therapeutic corneal transplantation in Acanthamoeba keratitis: penetrating versus lamellar keratoplasty. Cornea. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002880.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6002\/ect.2019.0123","author":"Y Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song Y, Zhang J, Pan Z. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty versus deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty for keratoconus. Exp Clin Transplant. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6002\/ect.2019.0123.","journal-title":"Exp Clin Transplant"},{"key":"1487_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.10.006","author":"SV Patel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Patel SV. Graft survival after penetrating keratoplasty. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2010.10.006.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08820538.2022.2152710","author":"S Qureshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qureshi S, Dohlman TH. Penetrating keratoplasty: indications and graft survival by geographic region. Semin Ophthalmol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08820538.2022.2152710.","journal-title":"Semin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181903b0a","author":"KA Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams KA, Lowe M, Bartlett C, Kelly TL, Coster DJ. Risk factors for human corneal graft failure within the Australian corneal graft registry. Transplantation. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181903b0a.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1487_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bachmann B, Taylor RS, Cursiefen C. Corneal neovascularization as a risk factor for graft failure and rejection after keratoplasty: an evidence-based meta-analysis. Ophthalmology. 2010;117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2010.01.039"},{"key":"1487_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1102543","author":"JY Niederkorn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Niederkorn JY. The immune privilege of corneal grafts. J Leukoc Biol. 2003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.1102543.","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"1487_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00037","author":"AW Taylor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Taylor AW. Ocular immune privilege and transplantation. Front Immunol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00037.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1487_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002938","author":"WJ Armitage","year":"2019","unstructured":"Armitage WJ, Goodchild C, Griffin MD, et al. High-risk corneal transplantation: recent developments and future possibilities. Transplantation. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/TP.0000000000002938.","journal-title":"Transplantation"},{"key":"1487_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14789\/jmj.63.2","author":"T Inomata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inomata T. A new immunotherapy using regulatory T-cells for high-risk corneal transplantation. Juntendo Med J. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14789\/jmj.63.2.","journal-title":"Juntendo Med J"},{"key":"1487_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833dfa11","author":"JY Niederkorn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Niederkorn JY. High-risk corneal allografts and why they lose their immune privilege. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACI.0b013e32833dfa11.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"1487_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-200103000-00002","author":"M Sit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sit M, Weisbrod DJ, Naor J, Slomovic AR. Corneal graft outcome study. Cornea. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003226-200103000-00002.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Price MO, Thompson RW, Price FW. Risk factors for various causes of failure in initial corneal grafts. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:1087\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1087","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.121.8.1087"},{"key":"1487_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40135-017-0119-2","author":"S Jabbehdari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jabbehdari S, Baradaran-Rafii A, Yazdanpanah G, Hamrah P, Holland EJ, Djalilian AR. Update on the management of high-risk penetrating keratoplasty. Curr Ophthalmol Rep. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40135-017-0119-2.","journal-title":"Curr Ophthalmol Rep"},{"key":"1487_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.007","author":"JH Chang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chang JH, Garg NK, Lunde E, Han KY, Jain S, Azar DT. Corneal neovascularization: an anti-VEGF therapy review. Surv Ophthalmol. 2012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.survophthal.2012.01.007.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma202013604111","author":"SV Trufanov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Trufanov SV, Malozhen SA, Krakhmaleva DA, Surnina ZV, Pivin EA, Kasparova EA. Antiangiogenic therapy in high-risk keratoplasty. Vestn Oftalmol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17116\/oftalma202013604111.","journal-title":"Vestn Oftalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318180e50f","author":"G Gerten","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gerten G. Bevacizumab (avastin) and argon laser to treat neovascularization in corneal transplant surgery. Cornea. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318180e50f.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1512","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002736","volume":"40","author":"C Cursiefen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cursiefen C, Hos D. Cutting edge: novel treatment options targeting corneal neovascularization to improve high-risk corneal graft survival. Cornea. 2021;40:1512\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002736.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR22","unstructured":"Busin M, Madi S, Scorcia V, Santorum P, Nahum Y. A two-piece microkeratome-assisted mushroom keratoplasty improves the outcomes and survival of grafts performed in eyes with diseased stroma and healthy endothelium (an American Ophthalmological Society thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2015;113:T1."},{"key":"1487_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10792-022-02240-6","volume":"42","author":"M Mimouni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mimouni M, Ouano D. Initial outcomes of mitomycin intravascular chemoembolization (MICE) for corneal neovascularization. Int Ophthalmol. 2022;42:2407\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10792-022-02240-6.","journal-title":"Int Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306686","author":"LA Faraj","year":"2016","unstructured":"Faraj LA, Said DG, Al-Aqaba M, Otri AM, Dua HS. Clinical evaluation and characterisation of corneal vascularisation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2015-306686.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Binotti WW, Koseoglu ND, Nos\u00e9 RM, Kenyon KR, Hamrah P. Novel parameters to assess the severity of corneal neovascularization using anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021;222:206\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2020.08.023"},{"key":"1487_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3923","volume":"133","author":"A Sugar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sugar A, Gal RL, Kollman C, et al. Factors associated with corneal graft survival in the cornea donor study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2015;133:246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2014.3923.","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a0a3e6","author":"J Sugar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sugar J, Montoya M, Dontchev M, et al. Donor risk factors for graft failure in the cornea donor study. Cornea. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e3181a0a3e6.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Stark WJ, Maguire MG, Meyer RF, et al. Design and methods of the collaborative corneal transplantation studies. Cornea. 1993;12:93\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00003226-199303000-00001","DOI":"10.1097\/00003226-199303000-00001"},{"key":"1487_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17","author":"Z Bursac","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bursac Z, Gauss CH, Williams DK, Hosmer DW. Purposeful selection of variables in logistic regression. Source Code Biol Med. 2008. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0473-3-17.","journal-title":"Source Code Biol Med"},{"key":"1487_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.8063","author":"VMT de Jong","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Jong VMT, Eijkemans MJC, van Calster B, et al. Sample size considerations and predictive performance of multinomial logistic prediction models. Stat Med. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.8063.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"1487_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000212","author":"SP Dunn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dunn SP, Gal RL, Kollman C, et al. Corneal graft rejection 10\u00a0years after penetrating keratoplasty in the cornea donor study. Cornea. 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000000212.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790308.x","author":"K Inoue","year":"2001","unstructured":"Inoue K, Amano S, Oshika T, Tsuru T. Risk factors for corneal graft failure and rejection in penetrating keratoplasty. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2001.790308.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"1487_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ico.0000159730.45177.cd","author":"MA Javadi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Javadi MA, Motlagh BF, Jafarinasab MR, et al. Outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty in keratoconus. Cornea. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ico.0000159730.45177.cd.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.086272","author":"P Beckingsale","year":"2006","unstructured":"Beckingsale P, Mavrikakis I, Al-Yousuf N, Mavrikakis E, Daya SM. Penetrating keratoplasty: outcomes from a corneal unit compared to national data. Brit J Ophthalmol. 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjo.2005.086272.","journal-title":"Brit J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lasagni Vitar RM, Triolo G, Fonteyne P, et al. Epidemiology of corneal neovascularization and its impact on visual acuity and sensitivity: a 14-year retrospective study. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:733538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2021.733538.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.733538"},{"key":"1487_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318206895a","author":"A Fasolo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fasolo A, Capuzzo C, Fornea M, et al. Risk factors for graft failure after penetrating keratoplasty: 5-year follow-up from the corneal transplant epidemiological study. Cornea. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0b013e318206895a.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Hamrah P, Dana MR. Corneal antigen-presenting cells. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2007;92:58\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000099254","DOI":"10.1159\/000099254"},{"key":"1487_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.12.009","volume":"119","author":"Y-T Jeng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jeng Y-T, Tsai C-Y, Kuo L-L, Woung L-C, Lin S-Y, Tsai I-L. The presence and impact of herpes virus DNA in recipient cornea and aqueous humor on graft survival following penetrating keratoplasty. J Formos Med Assoc. 2020;119:1650\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2019.12.009.","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"1487_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1586\/eop.10.12","volume":"5","author":"RM Shtein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shtein RM, Elner VM. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: histopathology and corneal allograft outcomes. Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2010;5:129\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/eop.10.12.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Ophthalmol"},{"key":"1487_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001931","author":"SY Chan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chan SY, Pan CT, Feng Y. Localization of corneal neovascularization using optical coherence tomography angiography. Cornea. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001931.","journal-title":"Cornea"},{"key":"1487_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.305","author":"I Rahman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rahman I, Carley F, Hillarby C, Brahma A, Tullo AB. Penetrating keratoplasty: indications, outcomes, and complications. Eye. 2009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/eye.2008.305.","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"1487_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001488","author":"TP Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel TP, Prajna NV, Farsiu S, et al. Novel image-based analysis for reduction of clinician-dependent variability in measurement of the corneal ulcer size. Cornea. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ICO.0000000000001488.","journal-title":"Cornea"}],"container-title":["Ophthalmology and Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T21:02:38Z","timestamp":1788642158000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1487"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40123-026-01487-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["2193-8245","2193-6528"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2193-8245","type":"print"},{"value":"2193-6528","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Giulio Ferrari is an Editorial Board member of\n                      Ophthalmology and Therapy\n                      . Giulio Ferrari was not involved in the selection of peer reviewers for the manuscript nor any of the subsequent editorial decisions. Matteo Menean, Andrea Servillo, Pasquale Viggiano, Cecilia Mularoni, Paolo Rama, Giorgio Paganoni, Francesco Bandello, and Karl Anders Knutsson have no competing interest in publishing the present work. Matteo Menean, Andrea Servillo, Pasquale Viggiano, Cecilia Mularoni, Paolo Rama, Giorgio Paganoni, Karl Anders Knutsson: No financial disclosures. Francesco Bandello consultant for Abbvie, Alimera, Bayer Shering-Pharma (Berlin, Germany), Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La\u00a0Roche (Basel, Switzerland), Novartis (Basel, Switzerland), Oxurion NV, Ntc Pharma, Sifi.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1964 and its later amendments. According to our institutional policies and national regulations, formal ethics committee approval was not required for this type of retrospective non-interventional study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}