{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T12:36:03Z","timestamp":1778502963912,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["DARU J Pharm Sci"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T03:52:39Z","timestamp":1760673159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pharmaceutical additive manufacturing of a pH-responsive core-shell tablet of beta-galactosidase to treat lactase intolerance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Tahmineh","family":"Karami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4706-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akrami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ismaeil","family":"Haririan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Mohammadi-Khanaposhti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza H.","family":"Sajedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"578_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02429-2","volume":"18","author":"MS Facioni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Facioni MS, et al. Nutritional management of lactose intolerance: the importance of diet and food labelling. J Transl Med. 2020;18:1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"578_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-023-03220-4","volume":"80","author":"P Kalathinathan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kalathinathan P, et al. A review on the various sources of \u03b2-galactosidase and its lactose hydrolysis property. Curr Microbiol. 2023;80(4):122.","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"578_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-0645-5","volume":"7","author":"S Saqib","year":"2017","unstructured":"Saqib S, et al. Sources of \u03b2-galactosidase and its applications in food industry. 3 Biotech. 2017;7:1\u20137.","journal-title":"3 Biotech"},{"key":"578_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim SA et al. Fermented foods and probiotics: An approach to lactose intolerance. 2021. 88(3): pp. 357\u2013365.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022029921000625"},{"issue":"5","key":"578_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12051487","volume":"12","author":"R Leis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leis R, et al. Effects of prebiotic and probiotic supplementation on lactase deficiency and lactose intolerance: a systematic review of controlled trials. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1487.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"4","key":"578_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2021.1891587","volume":"41","author":"GK Katoch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Katoch GK, et al. Lactose intolerance and its dietary management: an update. Journal of the American Nutrition Association. 2022;41(4):424\u201334.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Nutrition Association"},{"key":"578_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catanzaro R, Sciuto M, Marotta FJNR. Lactose intolerance: An update on its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. 2021. 89: pp. 23\u201334.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2021.02.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"578_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1159\/000493669","volume":"73","author":"M Di Costanzo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Costanzo M, Canani RB. Lactose intolerance: common misunderstandings. Annals Nutr Metabolism. 2018;73(4):30\u20137.","journal-title":"Annals Nutr Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"578_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10060412","volume":"10","author":"L Robles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robles L, Priefer RJD. Lactose intolerance: what your breath can tell you. Diagnostics. 2020;10(6):412.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"issue":"2","key":"578_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2009.08.038","volume":"67","author":"M Aan Het Rot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aan Het Rot M, et al. Safety and efficacy of repeated-dose intravenous ketamine for treatment-resistant depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(2):139\u201345.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"578_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111004","volume":"157","author":"R Lynch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lynch R, Buckin V. Ultrasonic analysis of effects of varying temperature, pH, and proteolytic enzymes on hydrolysis of lactose by neutral lactase formulations in infant milk and in the infant digestive system. Food Res Int. 2022;157:111004.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"578_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medidd.2022.100134","volume":"15","author":"A Sultana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sultana A, et al. Nano-based drug delivery systems: conventional drug delivery routes, recent developments and future prospects. Med Drug Discov. 2022;15:100134.","journal-title":"Med Drug Discov"},{"key":"578_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.120753","volume":"271","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zeng Z, et al. Oral delivery of antioxidant enzymes for effective treatment of inflammatory disease. Biomaterials. 2021;271:120753.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"5","key":"578_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.2c01388","volume":"24","author":"L Tran","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tran L, et al. Oral delivery of nanoparticles carrying ancestral uricase enzyme protects against hyperuricemia in knockout mice. Biomacromolecules. 2023;24(5):2003\u20138.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"578_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.04.019","volume":"174","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, et al. Emerging 3D printing technologies for drug delivery devices: current status and future perspective. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 2021;174:294\u2013316.","journal-title":"Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews"},{"key":"578_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-020-01771-4","volume":"21","author":"S Jacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jacob S, et al. 3D printing technologies: recent development and emerging applications in various drug delivery systems. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2020;21:1\u201316.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"578_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park BJ et al. Pharmaceutical applications of 3D printing technology: current understanding and future perspectives. 2019. 49: pp. 575\u2013585.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40005-018-00414-y"},{"key":"578_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed AA et al. 3D printing in medicine: Technology overview and drug delivery applications. 2021. 4: p. 100037.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stlm.2021.100037"},{"key":"578_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120501","volume":"600","author":"N Dumpa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dumpa N, et al. 3D printing in personalized drug delivery: an overview of hot-melt extrusion-based fused deposition modeling. Int J Pharm. 2021;600:120501.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"578_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2021.120237","volume":"596","author":"N Nashed","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nashed N, Lam M, Nokhodchi A. A comprehensive overview of extended release oral dosage forms manufactured through hot melt extrusion and its combination with 3D printing. Int J Pharm. 2021;596:120237.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"9","key":"578_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12090795","volume":"12","author":"GG Pereira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pereira GG, et al. Polymer selection for hot-melt extrusion coupled to fused deposition modelling in pharmaceutics. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12(9):795.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"578_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chphi.2024.100811","volume":"10","author":"S Ghatole","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ghatole S, et al. Hot melt extrusion assisted additive manufacturing of mixed polymeric 3D printed Metoprolol succinate extended-release tablets for controlled oral drug delivery. Chemical Physics Impact. 2025;10:100811.","journal-title":"Chemical Physics Impact"},{"issue":"1","key":"578_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.37603","volume":"112","author":"S Rastpeiman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rastpeiman S, et al. Facile fabrication of an extended-release tablet of Ticagrelor using three dimensional printing technology. J Biomed Mater Res A. 2024;112(1):20\u201330.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"issue":"14","key":"578_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4927","DOI":"10.3390\/ma16144927","volume":"16","author":"A Abdollahi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Abdollahi A, et al. Additive manufacturing of an extended-release tablet of tacrolimus. Materials. 2023;16(14):4927.","journal-title":"Materials"},{"issue":"6","key":"578_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.3390\/polym16060746","volume":"16","author":"T Karami","year":"2024","unstructured":"Karami T, et al. Fabrication of a controlled-release core-shell floating tablet of ketamine hydrochloride using a 3D printing technique for management of refractory depressions and chronic pain. Polymers. 2024;16(6):746.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"7","key":"578_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c00566","volume":"21","author":"J Liao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liao J, Huang H. Review on magnetic natural polymer constructed hydrogels as vehicles for drug delivery. Biomacromolecules. 2020;21(7):2574\u201394.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"578_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1039\/D1TB01345A","volume":"10","author":"F Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan F, et al. Synthesis, classification and properties of hydrogels: their applications in drug delivery and agriculture. J Mater Chem B. 2022;10(2):170\u2013203.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"issue":"5","key":"578_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3390\/gels8050301","volume":"8","author":"L Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei L, et al. Current understanding of hydrogel for drug release and tissue engineering. Gels. 2022;8(5):301.","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"7","key":"578_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3390\/gels9070523","volume":"9","author":"NH Thang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thang NH, Chien TB, Cuong DX. Polymer-based hydrogels applied in drug delivery: an overview. Gels. 2023;9(7):523.","journal-title":"Gels"},{"issue":"12","key":"578_CR30","first-page":"1243","volume":"12","author":"L Popescu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Popescu L, Bulgaru V, Siminiuc R. Effect of temperature, pH and amount of enzyme used in the lactose hydrolysis of milk. Food Nutr Sci. 2021;12(12):1243\u201354.","journal-title":"Food Nutr Sci"},{"key":"578_CR31","unstructured":"Sigmaaldrich. Introduction to SDS-PAGE - Separation of Proteins Based on Size. Available from: https:\/\/www.sigmaaldrich.com\/CA\/en\/technical-documents\/protocol\/protein-biology\/gel-electrophoresis\/sds-page"},{"key":"578_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller J, Hemphill A. In vitro screening technologies for the discovery and development of novel drugs against Toxoplasma gondii. Expert opinion on drug discovery, 2023: pp. 1\u201313.","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2023.2276349"},{"key":"578_CR33","unstructured":"Ramirez FC, Lee K, Graham DY. All lactase preparations are not the same: results of a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol (Springer Nature), 1994. 89(4)."},{"issue":"2","key":"578_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.2174\/138920021702160114150137","volume":"17","author":"G Ianiro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ianiro G, et al. Digestive enzyme supplementation in Gastrointestinal diseases. Curr Drug Metab. 2016;17(2):187\u201393.","journal-title":"Curr Drug Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"578_CR35","first-page":"533","volume":"11","author":"S Sanders","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sanders S, Tolman K, Reitberg D. Effect of a single dose of lactase on symptoms and expired hydrogen after lactose challenge in lactose-intolerant subjects. Clin Pharm. 1992;11(6):533\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"578_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1021\/bm049813w","volume":"5","author":"H-F Liang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liang H-F, et al. Novel method using a temperature-sensitive polymer (methylcellulose) to thermally gel aqueous alginate as a pH-sensitive hydrogel. Biomacromolecules. 2004;5(5):1917\u201325.","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"578_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105812","volume":"162","author":"Z Vinarov","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vinarov Z, et al. Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: an UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2021;162:105812.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"578_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-88503-1","volume":"11","author":"Y Hu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hu Y, et al. A double-layer hydrogel based on alginate-carboxymethyl cellulose and synthetic polymer as sustained drug delivery system. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):9142.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"578_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1039\/D4PM00290C","volume":"2","author":"T Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng T, Doyle PS. Injectable sustained-release hydrogel for high-concentration antibody delivery. RSC Pharm. 2025;2(1):186\u201396.","journal-title":"RSC Pharm"},{"key":"578_CR40","unstructured":"Handbook of pharmaceutical excipients 9ed. 2020: Pharmaceutical."},{"issue":"1","key":"578_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12487","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-48921-8","volume":"9","author":"X Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu X, et al. 3D printed Polyvinyl alcohol tablets with multiple release profiles. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):12487.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"578_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2023.123366","volume":"645","author":"M Asadi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Asadi M, et al. 3D printed pH-responsive tablets containing N-acetylglucosamine-loaded Methylcellulose hydrogel for colon drug delivery applications. Int J Pharm. 2023;645:123366.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"issue":"10","key":"578_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2015.1075207","volume":"50","author":"SF Prazeres","year":"2015","unstructured":"Prazeres SF, Garc\u00eda C, Ruiz, Montalvo G, Garc\u00eda. Vibrational spectroscopy as a promising tool to study enzyme-carrier interactions: a review. Appl Spectrosc Rev. 2015;50(10):797\u2013821.","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"578_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3390\/polym9040137","volume":"9","author":"M Rizwan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rizwan M, et al. pH sensitive hydrogels in drug delivery: brief history, properties, swelling, and release mechanism, material selection and applications. Polymers. 2017;9(4):137.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"1","key":"578_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2017.12.002","volume":"536","author":"G Verstraete","year":"2018","unstructured":"Verstraete G, et al. 3D printing of high drug loaded dosage forms using thermoplastic polyurethanes. Int J Pharm. 2018;536(1):318\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"}],"container-title":["DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T17:10:29Z","timestamp":1762881029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40199-025-00578-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["2008-2231"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2008-2231","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There are no \u201chuman subjects\u201d in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}],"article-number":"34"}}