{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T18:35:07Z","timestamp":1790274907239,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668470400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"The University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Diabetes Metab Disord"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Insulin restriction and\/or omission in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a risky disordered eating behaviour increasingly reported in the literature. Most existing literature has focused on females with T1DM. Previous research, however, suggests disordered eating behaviours are over-represented in males with T1DM versus males without T1DM. This systematic scoping review sought to summarise the existing literature to contribute to the development of an understanding of males\u2019 misuse of insulin for weight and\/or shape control.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A systematic scoping review methodology was used. We searched six electronic databases. Eligible articles were quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods empirical studies with primary data on the restriction and\/or omission of insulin for weight and\/or shape control among males, written in English from database inception to December 2021.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A final sample of 56 articles was included (48 quantitative, six qualitative and two mixed methods). Where it was reported to occur, estimates of the behaviour ranged from 5 to 75% in females and 1.4% to 76% in males. In 12 studies examining sex differences, only three reported higher prevalence in females. Understandings about the behavioural context of the behaviour were hampered by lack of qualitative research (n\u2009=\u20094 studies).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Despite common preconceptions, this disordered eating behaviour appears to occur similarly in males and females. The findings shed light on areas for future research, including aetiology in males and the need for longitudinal and qualitative research. Clinical recommendations include being alert to the possibility of this behaviour in males with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the need for health professionals to use open-ended questions to explore current and past deliberate restriction and\/or omission of insulin among their patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]],"date-time":"2022-11-15T16:30:37Z","timestamp":1668529837000},"page":"13-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The misuse of insulin by males with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus for weight and\/or shape control: a systematic scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9609-1768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgia","family":"Goddard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Oxlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7116-7073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03347221","volume":"28","author":"E Mannucci","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mannucci E, Rotella F, Ricca V, Moretti S, Placidi GF, Rotella CM. Eating disorders in patients with type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005;28(7):417\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03347221.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.474","volume":"10","author":"S Nielsen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nielsen S. Eating disorders in females with type 1 diabetes: an update of a meta-analysis. Eur Eat Disorders Rev. 2002;10(4):241\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.474.","journal-title":"Eur Eat Disorders Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03771.x","volume":"30","author":"V Young","year":"2013","unstructured":"Young V, Eiser C, Johnson B, Brierley S, Epton T, Elliott J, Heller S. Eating problems in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2013;30(2):189\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2012.03771.x.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2026","volume":"31","author":"AE Goebel-Fabbri","year":"2008","unstructured":"Goebel-Fabbri AE, Fikkan J, Franko DL, Pearson K, Anderson BJ, Weinger K. Insulin restriction and associated morbidity and mortality in females with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(3):415\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc07-2026.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1151_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Larra\u00f1aga A, Docet MF, Garc\u00eda-Mayor RV. Disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetic patients. World J Diabetes. 2011; 2(11): 189-195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v2.i11.189.","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v2.i11.189"},{"issue":"6","key":"1151_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07010.x","volume":"59","author":"SG Affenito","year":"2001","unstructured":"Affenito SG, Adams CH. Are eating disorders more prevalent in females with type 1 diabetes mellitus when the impact of insulin omission is considered? Nutr Rev. 2001;59(6):179\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07010.x.","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"1151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Doyle EA, Quinn SM, Ambrosino JM, Weyman K, Tamborlane WV, Jastreboff AM. Disordered eating behaviors in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes: a common problem for both males and females. J Pediatr Health Care. 2017; 31(3): 327-333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedhc.2016.10.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedhc.2016.10.004"},{"key":"1151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Falc\u00e3o MA, Francisco R. Diabetes, eating disorders and body image in young adults: an exploratory study about \u201cdiabulimia\u201d. Eat Weight Disord. 2017;22(4): 675\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40519-017-0406-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-017-0406-9"},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.03.031","volume":"108","author":"J Mathieu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mathieu J. What is diabulimia? J Acad Nutr Diet. 2008;108(5):769\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jada.2008.03.031.","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"1151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Association; 2013. p. 81."},{"key":"1151_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goddard G, Oxlad M. Insulin Restriction or Omission in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Meta-synthesis of Individuals\u2019 Experiences of Diabulimia. Health Psychology Review, (just-accepted). 2022; 1\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17437199.2021.2025133.","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2021.2025133"},{"issue":"6","key":"1151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14108","volume":"37","author":"L Wisting","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wisting L, Snoek F. Terminology matters:\u2019diabulimia\u2019is insufficient to describe eating disorders in individuals with Type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med. 2020;37(6):1075\u20136.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.2337\/diaspect.22.3.138","volume":"22","author":"P Colton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Colton P, Rodin G, Bergenstal R, Parkin C. Eating disorders and diabetes: introduction and overview. Diabetes Spectrum. 2009;22(3):138\u201342.","journal-title":"Diabetes Spectrum"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2017.1405651","volume":"26","author":"T De Paoli","year":"2018","unstructured":"De Paoli T, Rogers PJ. Disordered eating and insulin restriction in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and testable model. Eat Disord. 2018;26(4):343\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2017.1405651.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20498","volume":"41","author":"M Takii","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takii M, Uchigata Y, Tokunaga S, Amemiya N, Kinukawa N, Nozaki T, Iwamoto Y, Kubo C. The duration of severe insulin omission is the factor most closely associated with the microvascular complications of Type 1 diabetic females with clinical eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2008;41(3):259\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20498.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342","volume":"109","author":"M Galmiche","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galmiche M, D\u00e9chelotte P, Lambert G, Tavolacci MP. Prevalence of eating disorders over the 2000\u20132018 period: a systematic literature review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2019;109(5):1402\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy342.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2019.05.012","volume":"28","author":"S Gorrell","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorrell S, Murray SB. Eating disorders in males. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics. 2019;28(4):641\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2019.05.012.","journal-title":"Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2014.08.015","volume":"15","author":"C Bentley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bentley C, Mond J, Rodgers B. Sex differences in psychosocial impairment associated with eating-disordered behavior: What if there aren\u2019t any? Eat Behav. 2014;15(4):609\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eatbeh.2014.08.015.","journal-title":"Eat Behav"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22097","volume":"46","author":"D Mitchison","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitchison D, Mond J, Slewa-Younan S, Hay P. Sex differences in health-related quality of life impairment associated with eating disorder features: A general population study. Int J Eat Disord. 2013;46(4):375\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22097.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"1151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/01612840.2019.1576815","volume":"40","author":"G Lyons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyons G, McAndrew S, Warne T. Disappearing in a female world: Men\u2019s experiences of having an eating disorder (ED) and how it impacts their lives. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2019;40(7):557\u201366.","journal-title":"Issues Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"1151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Neumark-Sztainer D, Patterson J, Mellin A, Ackard DM, Utter J, Story M, Sockalosky J. Weight control practices and disordered eating behaviors among adolescent females and males with type 1 diabetes: associations with sociodemographics, weight concerns, familial factors, and metabolic outcomes. Diabetes Care. 2002; 25(8): 1289-1296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1289.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.8.1289"},{"key":"1151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Araia E, Hendrieckx C, Skinner T, Pouwer F, Speight J, King RM. Gender differences in disordered eating behaviors and body dissatisfaction among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: results from diabetes MILES youth\u2014Australia. Int J Eat Disord. 2017; 50(10): 1183-1193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22746.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22746"},{"key":"1151_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Svensson M, Engstr\u00f6m I, \u00c5man J. Higher drive for thinness in adolescent males with insulin\u2010dependent diabetes mellitus compared with healthy controls. Acta Paediatrica. 2003; 92(1): 114-117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00480.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00480.x"},{"key":"1151_CR24","unstructured":"Pope HG, Pope H, Phillips KA, Olivardia R. The Adonis complex: The secret crisis of male body obsession. New York: Simon and Schuster; 2000."},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035958","volume":"16","author":"S Griffiths","year":"2015","unstructured":"Griffiths S, Murray SB, Touyz S. Extending the masculinity hypothesis: An investigation of gender role conformity, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating in young heterosexual men. Psychol Men Masculinity. 2015;16(1):108.","journal-title":"Psychol Men Masculinity"},{"issue":"6","key":"1151_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0787-5","volume":"19","author":"JM Lavender","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lavender JM, Brown TA, Murray SB. Men, muscles, and eating disorders: an overview of traditional and muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(6):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"1151_CR27","unstructured":"*Matthews V. An exploration of the relationship between insulin misuse and eating disorder psychopathology in adults with type 1 diabetes\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, University of East Anglia). 2019."},{"key":"1151_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peters MDJ, Godfrey C, McInerney P, Munn Z, Tricco AC, Khalil H. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews (2020 version). In: Aromataris, E., & Munn, Z. (Editors).\u00a0JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis, JBI, 2020.\u00a0Available from\u00a0https:\/\/synthesismanual.jbi.global.\n.","DOI":"10.46658\/JBIRM-20-01"},{"key":"1151_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Page MJ, Moher D, Bossuyt P, Boutron I, Hoffmann T, Mulrow C, ... , McKenzie J. PRISMA 2020 explanation and elaboration: updated guidance and exemplars for reporting systematic reviews. MetaArXiv preprint (September 2020). 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31222\/osf.io\/v7gm2.","DOI":"10.31222\/osf.io\/v7gm2"},{"key":"1151_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Colton PA, Olmsted MP, Wong H, Rodin GM. Eating disorders in individuals with type 1 diabetes: Case series and day hospital treatment outcome. Eur Eati Disord Rev. 2015b; 23(4), 312-317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/erv.2365.","DOI":"10.1002\/erv.2365"},{"key":"1151_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Boggiss AL, Consedine NS, Schache KR, Jefferies C, Bluth K, Hofman PL, Serlachius AS. A brief self\u2010compassion intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes and disordered eating: a feasibility study. Diabet Med. 2020;37(11): 1854-1860. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.14352.","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.14352"},{"key":"1151_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Pinhas\u2010Hamiel O, Hamiel U, Greenfield Y, Boyko V, Graph\u2010Barel C, Rachmiel M, ... , Reichman B. Detecting intentional insulin omission for weight loss in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int J Eat Disord. 2013; 46(8): 819-825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22138.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22138"},{"key":"1151_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*McConnell EM, Harper R, Campbell M, Nelson JK. Achieving optimal diabetic control in adolescence: the continuing enigma. Diab Metab Res Rev. 2001; 17(1): 67-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1520-7560(200101\/02)17:1<67::aid-dmrr175>3.0.co;2-v.","DOI":"10.1002\/1520-7560(200101\/02)17:1<67::aid-dmrr175>3.0.co;2-v"},{"key":"1151_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Roland JM, Bhanji S. Anorexia nervosa occurring in patients with diabetes mellitus. Postgraduate Med J. 1982;58(680): 354-356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/pgmj.58.680.354.","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.58.680.354"},{"key":"1151_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Ackard DM, Vik N, Neumark\u2010Sztainer D, Schmitz KH, Hannan P, Jacobs Jr DR. Disordered eating and body dissatisfaction in adolescents with type 1 diabetes and a population\u2010based comparison sample: comparative prevalence and clinical implications. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008; 9(4pt1): 312\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00392.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5448.2008.00392.x"},{"key":"1151_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Araia E, King RM, Pouwer F, Speight J, Hendrieckx C. Psychological correlates of disordered eating in youth with type 1 diabetes: results from diabetes MILES Youth\u2014Australia. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020;21(4):664-672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.13001.","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.13001"},{"key":"1151_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*B\u00e4chle C, Stahl\u2010Pehe A, Rosenbauer J. Disordered eating and insulin restriction in youths receiving intensified insulin treatment: Results from a nationwide population\u2010based study. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(2):191-196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22463.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22463"},{"key":"1151_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Cherubini V, Skrami E, Iannilli A, Cesaretti A, Paparusso AM, Alessandrelli MC, ... , Gesuita R. Disordered eating behaviors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A cross\u2010sectional population\u2010based study in Italy. Int J Eat Disord. 2018;51(8):890-898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22889.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22889"},{"key":"1151_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*d'Emden H, Holden L, McDermott B, Harris M, Gibbons K, Gledhill A, Cotterill A. Disturbed eating behaviours and thoughts in A ustralian adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Paediatr Child Health. 2013;49(4):E317-E323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.12014.","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12014"},{"key":"1151_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Grylli V, Hafferl-Gattermayer A, Schober E, Karwautz A. Prevalence and clinical manifestations of eating disorders in Austrian adolescents with type-1 diabetes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2004;116(7):230-234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF03041052.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03041052"},{"key":"1151_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Mannucci E, Ricca V, Mezzani B, Di Bernardo M, Piani F, Vannini R, ... , Rotella CM. Eating Attitude and Behavior in IDDM Patients: A case-controlled study. Diabetes Care. 1995;18(11):1503-1504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.18.11.1503.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.18.11.1503"},{"key":"1151_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Meltzer LJ, Johnson SB, Prine JM, Banks RA, Desrosiers PM, Silverstein JH. Disordered eating, body mass, and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(4):678-682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.24.4.678.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.24.4.678"},{"key":"1151_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Peducci E, Mastrorilli C, Falcone S, Santoro A, Fanelli U, Iovane B, ... , Vanelli M. Disturbed eating behavior in pre-teen and teenage girls and boys with type 1 diabetes. Acta Bio Medica: Atenei Parmensis. 2018;89(4):490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23750\/abm.v89i4.7738.","DOI":"10.23750\/abm.v89i4.7738"},{"key":"1151_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Philippi ST, Cardoso MGL, Koritar P, Alvarenga M. Risk behaviors for eating disorder in adolescents and adults with type 1 diabetes. Brazilian J Psychiatry. 2013;35:150-156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-0780.","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2012-0780"},{"key":"1151_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Powers PS, Malone JI, Coovert DL, Schulman RG. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and eating disorders: a prevalence study. Compr Psychiatry. 1990;31(3):205-210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90003-B.","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(90)90003-B"},{"key":"1151_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Urakami T, Fujii S, Kubo M, Owada M. Eating Disorders in Patients with Juvenile-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol. 2000;9(2):69-74. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1297\/cpe.9.69.","DOI":"10.1297\/cpe.9.69"},{"key":"1151_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wilson CE, Smith EL, Coker SE, Hobbis IC, Acerini CL. Testing an integrated model of eating disorders in paediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(7):521-528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pedi.12202.","DOI":"10.1111\/pedi.12202"},{"key":"1151_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Bang L, Natvig H, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, Lask B, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Metabolic control and illness perceptions in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016(3486094):1-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/3486094.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3486094"},{"key":"1151_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Bang L, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Adolescents with type 1 diabetes\u2013The impact of gender, age, and health-related functioning on eating disorder psychopathology. PLoS One. 2015;10(11):e0141386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141386.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141386"},{"key":"1151_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Fr\u00f8island DH, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Disturbed eating behavior and omission of insulin in adolescents receiving intensified insulin treatment: a nationwide population-based study.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 2013;36(11):3382-3387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-0431.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0431"},{"key":"1151_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Reas DL, Bang L, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Eating patterns in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Associations with metabolic control, insulin omission, and eating disorder pathology.\u00a0Appetite. 2017;114:226-231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.appet.2017.03.035.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2017.03.035"},{"key":"1151_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Prevalence of disturbed eating behavior and associated symptoms of anxiety and depression among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes. J Eat Disord. 2018;6(1):1-10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-018-0209-z.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0209-z"},{"key":"1151_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, R\u00f8 A, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Disturbed eating, illness perceptions, and coping among adults with type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin treatment, and their associations with metabolic control. J Health Psychol. 2019;26(5):688-700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105319840688.","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105319840688"},{"key":"1151_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Siegwarth C, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. The impact of psychological aspects, age, and BMI on eating disorder psychopathology among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes.Health Psychol Open. 2020;7(2):2055102920975969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055102920975969.","DOI":"10.1177\/2055102920975969"},{"key":"1151_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Herpertz S, Albus C, Wagener R, Kocnar M, Wagner R, Henning A, ... , Senf W. Comorbidity of Diabetes and Eating Disorders: Does diabetes control reflect disturbed eating behavior?\u00a0Diabetes Care. 1998;21(7):1110-1116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.21.7.1110.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.21.7.1110"},{"key":"1151_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Herpertz S, Wagener R, Albus C, Kocnar M, Wagner R, Best F, ... , Senf W. Diabetes mellitus and eating disorders: a multicenter study on the comorbidity of the two diseases.\u00a0J Psychosomatic Res. 1998;44(3-4):503-515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0022-3999(97)00274-2.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3999(97)00274-2"},{"key":"1151_CR57","unstructured":"*Justice KAK.\u00a0Eating disorders in adolescents with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Prevalence and adherence to the regimen. University of Florida. 2003."},{"key":"1151_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Lawrence JM, Liese AD, Liu L, Dabelea D, Anderson A, Imperatore G, Bell R. Weight-loss practices and weight-related issues among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 2008;31(12):2251-2257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-0719.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-0719"},{"key":"1151_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Fairburn CG, Peveler RC, Davies B, Mann JI, Mayou RA. Eating disorders in young adults with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a controlled study.\u00a0BMJ. 1991;303(6793):17-20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.303.6793.17.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.303.6793.17"},{"key":"1151_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Peveler RC, Fairburn CG, Boller I, Dunger D. Eating disorders in adolescents with IDDM: a controlled study.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 1992;15(10):1356-1360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc13-0431.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0431"},{"key":"1151_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Pursey KM, Hay P, Bussey K, Trompeter N, Lonergan A, Pike KM, ... , Mitchison D. Diabetes and disordered eating behaviours in a community-based sample of Australian adolescents.\u00a0J Eat Disord. 2020;8(1):1-9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-020-0282-y.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-020-0282-y"},{"key":"1151_CR62","unstructured":"*Morris SL.\u00a0The lived experience of Diabulimia. Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes using insulin for weight control\u00a0(Doctoral dissertation, Middlesex University\/Metanoia Institute). 2021."},{"key":"1151_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Sien PLM, Jamaludin NIA, Samrin SNA, Ismail R, Anuar Zaini A, Sameeha MJ. Causative factors of eating problems among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study. J Health Psychol. 2020;25(9):1310-1318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359105319890397.","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105319890397"},{"key":"1151_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Bryden KS, Neil A, Mayou RA, Peveler RC, Fairburn CG, Dunger DB. Eating habits, body weight, and insulin misuse. A longitudinal study of teenagers and young adults with type 1 diabetes.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 1999;22(12): 1956\u20131960. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1956.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.22.12.1956"},{"key":"1151_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*d\u2019Emden H, Holden L, McDermott B, Harris M, Gibbons K, Gledhill A, Cotterill A. Concurrent validity of self\u2010report measures of eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Acta Paediatrica. 2012;101(9):973-978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02738.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02738.x"},{"key":"1151_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Beam AB, Wiebe DJ, Berg CA. Insulin Restriction, Emotion Dysregulation, and Depressive Symptoms in Late Adolescents with Diabetes.\u00a0J Pediatr Psychol. 2021;46(9):1110-1118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab042.","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsab042"},{"key":"1151_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Baechle C, Castillo K, Strassburger K, Stahl\u2010Pehe A, Meissner T, Holl RW, ... , In Cooperation with the German Paediatric Surveillance Unit (ESPED) and the DPV\u2010Science Initiative. Is disordered eating behavior more prevalent in adolescents with early\u2010onset type 1 diabetes than in their representative peers? Int J Eat Disord. 2014;47(4):342-352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.22238.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22238"},{"key":"1151_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Troncone A, Cascella C, Chianese A, Zanfardino A, Piscopo A, Borriello A, ... , Iafusco D. Body image problems and disordered eating behaviors in Italian adolescents with and without type 1 diabetes: An examination with a gender-specific body image measure.\u00a0Front Psychol. 2020;11: 2547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.556520.","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.556520"},{"key":"1151_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Troncone A, Chianese A, Zanfardino A, Cascella C, Confetto S, Piscopo A, ... , Iafusco D. Disordered eating behaviors among italian adolescents with type 1 diabetes: exploring relationships with parents\u2019 eating disorder symptoms, externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and body image problems.\u00a0J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2020;27(4):727-745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10880-019-09665-9.","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-019-09665-9"},{"key":"1151_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Baechle C, Hoyer A, Stahl-Pehe A, Castillo K, Toennies T, Lindner LM, ... , Rosenbauer J. Course of Disordered Eating Behavior in Young People With Early-Onset Type I Diabetes: Prevalence, Symptoms, and Transition Probabilities.\u00a0J Adolesc Health. 2019;65(5):681-689. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.05.016.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2019.05.016"},{"key":"1151_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Alt\u0131nok YA, \u00d6zg\u00fcr S, Meseri R, \u00d6zen S, Darcan \u015e, G\u00f6k\u015fen D. Reliability and validity of the diabetes eating problem survey in Turkish children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\u00a0J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. (2017);9(4):323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4274\/jcrpe.4219.","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.4219"},{"key":"1151_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Apergi \u039a, Romanidou \u039c, Abdelkhalek \u0397, Tripsianis G, Gonidakis F. Reliability and validity of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey in Greek adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus.\u00a0Psychiatrike= Psychiatriki. 2020;31(4):310\u2013320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22365\/jpsych.2020.314.310.","DOI":"10.22365\/jpsych.2020.314.310"},{"key":"1151_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Markowitz JT, Butler DA, Volkening LK, Antisdel JE, Anderson BJ, Laffel LM. Brief screening tool for disordered eating in diabetes: internal consistency and external validity in a contemporary sample of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(3):495-500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1890.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1890"},{"key":"1151_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Fr\u00f8island DH, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Psychometric properties, norms, and factor structure of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey\u2013Revised in a large sample of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.\u00a0Diabetes Care. 2013;36(8):2198-2202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc12-2282.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-2282"},{"key":"1151_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Wisting L, Wonderlich J, Skrivarhaug T, Dahl-J\u00f8rgensen K, R\u00f8 \u00d8. Psychometric properties and factor structure of the diabetes eating problem survey\u2013revised (DEPS-R) among adult males and females with type 1 diabetes.\u00a0J Eat Disord. 2019;7(1):1-7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40337-018-0232-0.","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-018-0232-0"},{"key":"1151_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Rancourt D, Foster N, Bollepalli S, Fitterman\u2010Harris HF, Powers MA, Clements M, Smith LB. Test of the modified dual pathway model of eating disorders in individuals with type 1 diabetes.\u00a0Int J Eat Disord. 2019;52(6):630-642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.23054.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.23054"},{"key":"1151_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Rose M, Streisand R, Tully C, Clary L, Monaghan M, Wang J, Mackey E. Risk of Disordered Eating Behaviors in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.\u00a0J Pediatr Psychol. 2020;45(5):583-591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa027.","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsaa027"},{"key":"1151_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Colton PA, Olmsted MP, Daneman D, Farquhar JC, Wong H, Muskat S, Rodin GM. Eating disorders in girls and females with type 1 diabetes: A longitudinal study of prevalence, onset, remission, and recurrence. Diabetes Care. 2015a;38(7):1212-1217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-2646.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2646"},{"key":"1151_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Szmukler GI. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia in diabetics.\u00a0J Psychosom Res. 1984;28(5):365-369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0022-3999(84)90067-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(84)90067-9"},{"key":"1151_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Szmukler GI, Russell GFM. Diabetes mellitus, anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Br J Psychiatry. 1983;142(3):305-308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.142.3.305.","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.142.3.305"},{"key":"1151_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"*Sa\u00dfmann H, Albrecht C, Busse\u2010Widmann P, Hevelke LK, Kranz J, Markowitz JT, ... , Lange K. Psychometric properties of the German version of the Diabetes Eating Problem Survey\u2013Revised: additional benefit of disease\u2010specific screening in adolescents with Type 1 diabetes.\u00a0Diabetic Medicine. 2015;32(12):1641-1647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12788.","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12788"},{"issue":"7223","key":"1151_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7223.1467","volume":"319","author":"JF Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan JF, Reid F, Lacey JH. The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. BMJ. 1999;319(7223):1467\u20138.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1151_CR83","volume-title":"The Eating Disorder Inventory-C","author":"DM Garner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Garner DM. The Eating Disorder Inventory-C. Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources Inc; 1991."},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168427","volume":"208","author":"SB Murray","year":"2016","unstructured":"Murray SB, Griffiths S, Mond JM. Evolving eating disorder psychopathology: Conceptualising muscularity-oriented disordered eating. Br J Psychiatry. 2016;208(5):414\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.115.168427.","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"20","key":"1151_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.5138","volume":"312","author":"D Neumark-Sztainer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neumark-Sztainer D, Eisenberg ME. Body image concerns, muscle-enhancing behaviors, and eating disorders in males. JAMA. 2014;312(20):2156\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2014.5138.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1151_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Merwin RM, Dmitrieva NO, Honeycutt LK, Moskovich AA, Lane JD, Zucker NL, ... , Kuo J. Momentary predictors of insulin restriction among adults with type 1 diabetes and eating disorder symptomatology. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(11):2025-2032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc15-0753.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-0753"},{"issue":"2","key":"1151_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1348","volume":"33","author":"M Peyrot","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peyrot M, Rubin RR, Kruger DF, Travis LB. Correlates of insulin injection omission. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(2):240\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1348.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1151_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107522","volume":"34","author":"KM Pursey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pursey KM, Hart M, Jenkins L, McEvoy M, Smart CE. Screening and identification of disordered eating in people with type 1 diabetes: A systematic review. J Diabetes Complications. 2020;34(4): 107522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2020.107522.","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complications"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.517","volume":"6","author":"O Pinhas-Hamiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pinhas-Hamiel O, Hamiel U, Levy-Shraga Y. Eating disorders in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(3):517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4239\/wjd.v6.i3.517.","journal-title":"World J Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1151_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312689","volume":"103","author":"T Candler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Candler T, Murphy R, Pigott A, Gregory JW. Fifteen-minute consultation: diabulimia and disordered eating in childhood diabetes. Arch Dis Child Educ and Pract. 2018;103(3):118\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/archdischild-2017-312689.","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Educ and Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"1151_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.17.10.1178","volume":"17","author":"WH Polonsky","year":"1994","unstructured":"Polonsky WH, Anderson BJ, Lohrer PA, Aponte JE, Jacobson AM, Cole CF. Insulin omission in women with IDDM. Diabetes Care. 1994;17(10):1178\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.17.10.1178.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22598","volume":"50","author":"K Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ali K, Farrer L, Fassnacht DB, Gulliver A, Bauer S, Griffiths KM. Perceived barriers and facilitators towards help-seeking for eating disorders: A systematic review. Int J Eat Disord. 2017;50(1):9\u201321.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1080\/10640266.2012.715512","volume":"20","author":"E Strother","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strother E, Lemberg R, Stanford SC, Turberville D. Eating disorders in males: underdiagnosed, undertreated, and misunderstood. Eat Disord. 2012;20(5):346\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10640266.2012.715512.","journal-title":"Eat Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"1151_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.20402","volume":"40","author":"N Hepworth","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hepworth N, Paxton SJ. Pathways to help-seeking in bulimia nervosa and binge eating problems: A concept mapping approach. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40(6):493\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/eat.20402.","journal-title":"Int J Eat Disord"},{"key":"1151_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schaefer LM, Harriger JA, Heinberg LJ, Soderberg T, Kevin Thompson J. Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-4-revised (SATAQ-4R). Int J Eat Disord.\u00a02017;50(2):104\u201317.","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22590"},{"issue":"1","key":"1151_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6","volume":"1","author":"S Heidari","year":"2016","unstructured":"Heidari S, Babor TF, De Castro P, Tort S, Curno M. Sex and gender equity in research: rationale for the SAGER guidelines and recommended use. Research integrity and peer review. 2016;1(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41073-016-0007-6.","journal-title":"Research integrity and peer review"},{"issue":"5","key":"1151_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721716659149","volume":"42","author":"LL Snyder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snyder LL, Truong YKN, Law JR. Evaluating substance use and insulin misuse in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2016;42(5):529\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721716659149.","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"}],"container-title":["Journal of Diabetes &amp; Metabolic Disorders"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,28]],"date-time":"2023-05-28T16:20:21Z","timestamp":1685290821000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["1151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40200-022-01151-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["2251-6581"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2251-6581","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 October 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The paper reports a scoping review that undertook a secondary analysis of data already collected (from human participants) and does not require ethical approval.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"This review is the first to summarise existing literature on the deliberate restriction and\/or omission of insulin as a disordered eating behaviour in males with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The results highlight several concerns in the research thus far, demonstrate the need for further research on the behaviours' aetiology and impact within males and highlights the need for health professionals to be aware of its presence in males and females.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Public significance statement"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}