{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T03:06:53Z","timestamp":1761102413142,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]],"date-time":"2020-07-25T04:45:53Z","timestamp":1595652353000},"page":"205-217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Ex Ante Economic Evaluation of Arg389 Genetically Targeted Treatment with Bucindolol versus Empirical Treatment with Carvedilol in NYHA III\/IV Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5071-9257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nimer","family":"Alkhatib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy K.","family":"Sweitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Erstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Slack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Gharaibeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason","family":"Karnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Klimecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0490-4421","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"425_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105313442202","volume":"344","author":"The BEST Investigators","year":"2001","unstructured":"The BEST Investigators. Beta-blocker evaluation of survival trial. A trial of the beta-blocker bucindolol in patients with advanced chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(22):1659\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM200105313442202.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"425_CR2","first-page":"184","volume":"5","author":"D Tepper","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tepper D. Frontiers in congestive heart failure: effect of metoprolol CR\/XL in chronic heart failure: metoprolol CR\/XL randomised intervention trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). Lancet. 1999;5(4):184\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"425_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1054\/S1071-9164(03)00133-7","volume":"9","author":"MJ Domanski","year":"2003","unstructured":"Domanski MJ, Krause-Steinrauf H, Massie BM, et al. A comparative analysis of the results from 4 trials of beta-blocker therapy for heart failure: BEST, CIBIS-II, MERIT-HF, and COPERNICUS. J Card Fail. 2003;9(5):354\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1054\/S1071-9164(03)00133-7.","journal-title":"J Card Fail"},{"issue":"30","key":"425_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11288","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0509937103","volume":"103","author":"SB Liggett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Liggett SB, Mialet-Perez J, Thaneemit-Chen S, et al. A polymorphism within a conserved beta(1)-adrenergic receptor motif alters cardiac function and beta-blocker response in human heart failure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(30):11288\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0509937103.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"10","key":"425_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.154","volume":"6","author":"NL Pereira","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pereira NL, Weinshilboum RM. Cardiovascular pharmacogenomics and individualized drug therapy. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009;6(10):632\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2009.154.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"425_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.11.008","volume":"10","author":"A Muthumala","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muthumala A, Drenos F, Elliott PM, et al. Role of beta adrenergic receptor polymorphisms in heart failure: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Heart Fail. 2008;10(1):3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejheart.2007.11.008.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"issue":"10","key":"425_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/nm930","volume":"9","author":"J Mialet Perez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mialet Perez J, Rathz DA, Petrashevskaya NN, et al. Beta 1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms confer differential function and predisposition to heart failure. Nat Med. 2003;9(10):1300\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm930.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"425_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/01213011-200503000-00001","volume":"15","author":"P de Groote","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Groote P, Helbecque N, Lamblin N, et al. Association between beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptor gene polymorphisms and the response to beta-blockade in patients with stable congestive heart failure. Pharmacogenet Genom. 2005;15(3):137\u201342.","journal-title":"Pharmacogenet Genom"},{"issue":"4","key":"425_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(03)00044-8","volume":"5","author":"HL White","year":"2003","unstructured":"White HL, de Boer RA, Maqbool A, et al. An evaluation of the beta-1 adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly polymorphism in individuals with heart failure: a MERIT-HF sub-study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2003;5(4):463\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1388-9842(03)00044-8.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"425_CR10","unstructured":"Genetically targeted therapy for the prevention of symptomatic atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure (GENETIC-AF). https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT01970501. Accessed 9 Sept 2019."},{"issue":"7","key":"425_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.004","volume":"7","author":"JP Piccini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Piccini JP, Connolly SJ, Abraham WT, et al. Bucindolol for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in a genotype-defined HF population: the GENETIC-AF Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2019;7(7):586\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.04.004.","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail"},{"issue":"5","key":"425_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1080\/23808993.2018.1526079","volume":"3","author":"NS Alkhatib","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alkhatib NS, Ramos K, Slack M, et al. Ex ante economic evaluation of genetic testing for the ARG389 beta1-adrenergic receptor polymorphism to support bucindolol treatment decisions in Stage III\/IV heart failure. Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev. 2018;3(5):319\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23808993.2018.1526079.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Precis Med Drug Dev"},{"issue":"17","key":"425_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2194","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035653.72855.BF","volume":"106","author":"M Packer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Packer M, Fowler MB, Roecker EB, et al. Carvedilol Prospective Randomized Cumulative Survival (COPERNICUS) Study Group. Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study. Circulation. 2002;106(17):2194\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/01.CIR.0000035653.72855.BF.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"425_CR14","unstructured":"Genetic Testing Registry. https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/gtr\/tests\/515942\/laboratory\/. Accessed 9 Sept 2019."},{"key":"425_CR15","unstructured":"RedBook Micromedics. https:\/\/truvenhealth.com\/Training\/Product\/Micromedex-Clinical-Knowledge-Suite\/RED-BOOK. Accessed 9 Sept 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"425_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.11.007","volume":"169","author":"B Ziaeian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ziaeian B, Sharma PP, Yu TC, et al. Factors associated with variations in hospital expenditures for acute heart failure in the United States. Am Heart J. 2015;169(2):282\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ahj.2014.11.007.","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"425_CR17","unstructured":"Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Physician Fee Schedule. https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/Medicare\/Medicare-Fee-for-Service-Payment\/FeeScheduleGenInfo\/index.html. Accessed 9 Sept 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"425_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00425.x","volume":"12","author":"A Gohler","year":"2009","unstructured":"Gohler A, Geisler BP, Manne JM, et al. Utility estimates for decision-analytic modeling in chronic heart failure\u2014health states based on New York Heart Association classes and number of rehospitalizations. Value Health. 2009;12(1):185\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2008.00425.x.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"425_CR19","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes","author":"M Drummond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drummond M, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, et al. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2015. p. 103\u2013208.","edition":"4"},{"issue":"6","key":"425_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264308321006","volume":"20","author":"TE Murphy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Murphy TE, Agostini JV, Van Ness PH, et al. Assessing multiple medication use with probabilities of benefits and harms. J Aging Health. 2008;20(6):694\u2013709. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0898264308321006.","journal-title":"J Aging Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"425_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00049-8","volume":"50","author":"HC B\u00fccher","year":"1997","unstructured":"B\u00fccher HC, Guyatt GH, Griffith LE, et al. The results of direct and indirect treatment comparisons in meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Epidemiol. 1997;50(6):683\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0895-4356(97)00049-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"425_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2012.18","volume":"92","author":"T Rau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rau T, Dungen HD, Edelmann F, et al. Impact of the beta1-adrenoceptor Arg389Gly polymorphism on heart-rate responses to bisoprolol and carvedilol in heart-failure patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012;92(1):21\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/clpt.2012.18.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,24]],"date-time":"2021-07-24T23:11:27Z","timestamp":1627168287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["425"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40256-020-00425-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-3277","1179-187X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1175-3277"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1179-187X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 July 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"All clinical data retrieved were secondary data and were therefore publicly available.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Data analysis was performed using Microsoft<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> Excel for Office 365 MSO, supported with proprietary visual basic codes (VBA) specified for probabilistic sensitivity analyses.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"No external funding was used to conduct this study or prepare this manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Nimer Alkhatib, Nancy K. Sweitzer, Christopher S. Lee, Brian Erstad, Marion Slack, Mahdi Gharaibeh, Jason Karnes, Walter Klimecki, Kenneth Ramos, and Ivo Abraham declare they have no potential conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}