{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T03:10:01Z","timestamp":1768878601597,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Cardiovasc Drugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T17:01:41Z","timestamp":1726851701000},"page":"47-55","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Efficacy of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin\/Kexin Type 9 Inhibitors in Patients with Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia: A Meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Movahedan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula M.","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0287-898X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arden R.","family":"Barry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"682_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-014-0482-5","volume":"17","author":"S Singh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Singh S, Bittner V. Familial hypercholesterolemia\u2014epidemiology, diagnosis, and screening. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2015;17:482.","journal-title":"Curr Atheroscler Rep"},{"key":"682_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.044795","volume":"141","author":"P Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu P, Dharmayat KI, Stevens CAT, et al. Prevalence of familial hypercholesterolemia among the general population and patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2020;141:1742\u201359.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"682_CR3","first-page":"e1082","volume":"139","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139:e1082\u2013143.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"682_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2021.03.016","volume":"37","author":"GJ Pearson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pearson GJ, Thanassoulis G, Anderson TJ, et al. 2021 Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of dyslipidemia for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults. Can J Cardiol. 2021;37:1129\u201350.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"682_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3478","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht273","volume":"34","author":"BG Nordestgaard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Nordestgaard BG, Chapman MJ, Humphries SE, et al. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease: consensus statement of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2013;34:3478\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"682_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","volume":"376","author":"MS Sabatine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1713\u201322.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"682_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","volume":"379","author":"GG Schwartz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schwartz GG, Steg PG, Szarek M, et al. Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2097\u2013107.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"682_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912387","volume":"382","author":"KK Ray","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ray KK, Wright RS, Kallend D, et al. Two phase 3 trials of inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1507\u201319.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"682_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2957","volume":"163","author":"EP Navarese","year":"2015","unstructured":"Navarese EP, Kolodziejczak M, Schulze V, et al. Effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 antibodies in adults with hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163:40\u201351.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"682_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.12.040","volume":"121","author":"PA McCullough","year":"2018","unstructured":"McCullough PA, Ballantyne CM, Sanganalmath SK, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in high-risk patients with clinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and\/or heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (from 5 placebo-controlled ODYSSEY trials). Am J Cardiol. 2018;121:940\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"682_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz430","volume":"43","author":"P Guedeney","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guedeney P, Giustino G, Sorrentino S, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J. 2022;43:e17\u201325.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"682_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","volume":"372","author":"MJ Page","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n71.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"682_CR13","unstructured":"Cochrane Training. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions (version 6.4, 2023). http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook. Accessed 15 Dec 2023."},{"key":"682_CR14","unstructured":"Cochrane Bias. RoB 2: a revised cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. https:\/\/methods.cochrane.org\/bias\/resources\/rob-2-revised-cochrane-risk-bias-tool-randomized-trials. Accessed 15 Dec 2023."},{"key":"682_CR15","unstructured":"Cochrane RevMan. RevMan: systematic review and meta-analysis tool for researchers worldwide. https:\/\/revman.cochrane.org. Accessed 15 Dec 2023."},{"key":"682_CR16","unstructured":"Fothergill P. Automatically remove studies not reporting on randomized controlled trials (RCT). Covidence. https:\/\/www.covidence.org\/blog\/auto-exclude-non-rcts\/. Accessed 15 Dec 2023."},{"key":"682_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61399-4","volume":"385","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raal FJ, Stein EA, Dufour R, et al. PCSK9 inhibition with evolocumab (AMG 145) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (RUTHERFORD-2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2015;385:331\u201340.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"682_CR18","first-page":"2996","volume":"36","author":"JJ Kastelein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kastelein JJ, Ginsberg HN, Langslet G, et al. ODYSSEY FH I and FH II: 78 week results with alirocumab treatment in 735 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2996\u20133003.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"682_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3588","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw388","volume":"37","author":"PM Moriarty","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moriarty PM, Parhofer KG, Babirak SP, et al. Alirocumab in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia undergoing lipoprotein apheresis: the ODYSSEY ESCAPE trial. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:3588\u201395.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"682_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-016-6685-y","volume":"30","author":"HN Ginsberg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ginsberg HN, Rader DJ, Raal FJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and LDL-C of 160 mg\/dl or higher. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2016;30:473\u201383.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"key":"682_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2017.09.003","volume":"11","author":"GK Hovingh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hovingh GK, Raal FJ, Dent R, et al. Long-term safety, tolerability, and efficacy of evolocumab in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. J Clin Lipidol. 2017;11:1448\u201357.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"682_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.10.003","volume":"13","author":"SJ Baum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baum SJ, Sampietro T, Datta D, et al. Effect of evolocumab on lipoprotein apheresis requirement and lipid levels: results of the randomized, controlled, open-label DE LAVAL study. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13:901-909.e3.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"682_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1913805","volume":"382","author":"FJ Raal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raal FJ, Kallend D, Ray KK, et al. Inclisiran for the treatment of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1520\u201330.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"682_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-019-01019-4","volume":"42","author":"I Dicembrini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dicembrini I, Giannini S, Ragghianti B, Mannucci E, Monami M. Effects of PCSK9 inhibitors on LDL cholesterol, cardiovascular morbidity and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Endocrinol Investig. 2019;42:1029\u201339.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Investig"},{"key":"682_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2020.08.018","volume":"134","author":"SA Khan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan SA, Naz A, Qamar Masood M, Shah R. Meta-analysis of inclisiran for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol. 2020;134:69\u201373.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"682_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shakir A, Barron K, Modi KA. Safety and efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in familial hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023:81(8_supplement):1820.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(23)02264-7"},{"key":"682_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867330666230228120601","volume":"31","author":"G Ghasempour","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghasempour G, Zamani-Garmsiri F, Shaikhnia F, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab and evolocumab as proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors in familial hypercholesterolemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Med Chem. 2024;31:223\u201341.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"key":"682_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2021.5083","volume":"7","author":"NA Marston","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marston NA, Giugliano RP, Melloni GEM, et al. Association of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with and without atherosclerosis: distinguishing between particle concentration, type, and content. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7:250\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol."},{"key":"682_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.5603\/EP.a2023.0036","volume":"74","author":"H Dai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dai H, Zhu Y, Chen Z, et al. Impact of alirocumab\/evolocumab on lipoprotein (a) concentrations in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Endokrynol Pol. 2023;74:234\u201342.","journal-title":"Endokrynol Pol"},{"key":"682_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-022-02932-y","volume":"22","author":"L Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu L, Fang Y, Gao B, et al. Effect of an increase in Lp(a) following statin therapy on cardiovascular prognosis in secondary prevention population of coronary artery disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2022;22:474.","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"682_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17887","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-36204-7","volume":"8","author":"A Sahebkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sahebkar A, Simental-Mend\u00eda LE, Pirro M, et al. Impact of ezetimibe on plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations as monotherapy or in combination with statins: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17887.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"682_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2019.03.021","volume":"143","author":"M Casula","year":"2019","unstructured":"Casula M, Olmastroni E, Boccalari MT, Tragni E, Pirillo A, Catapano AL. Cardiovascular events with PCSK9 inhibitors: an updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Pharmacol Res. 2019;143:143\u201350.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"682_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1701488","volume":"376","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Revkin J, Amarenco P, et al. Cardiovascular efficacy and safety of bococizumab in high-risk patients. N Engl J Med. 2017;376:1527\u201339.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"682_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.03.088","volume":"12","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Rose LM, Kastelein JJP, et al. Cardiovascular event reduction with PCSK9 inhibition among 1578 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia: results from the SPIRE randomized trials of bococizumab. J Clin Lipidol. 2018;12:958\u201365.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T05:00:17Z","timestamp":1747371617000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40256-024-00682-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-3277","1179-187X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-3277","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-187X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2025","order":3,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":4,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original online version of this article was revised to include the Supplementary material.","order":5,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None to report.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial or other conflicts of interest related to this work.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"MM and AB contributed to the study conception and design. The search strategy was designed and performed by all authors. The study selection, data extraction, and statistical analyses were performed by MM and AB. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MM and revised by AB. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"All data collected and analyzed for this study are included in the published article and the supplementary material.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}