{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T09:13:33Z","timestamp":1778663613163,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Clin Dermatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T01:51:15Z","timestamp":1774576275000},"page":"493-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychocutaneous Disorders in Pediatric and Adolescent Populations: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5756-6609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabella J.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexis","family":"Mitelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Jafferany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1026_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4088\/pcc.v09n0306","volume":"9","author":"M Jafferany","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jafferany M. Psychodermatology: a guide to understanding common psychocutaneous disorders. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;9(3):203\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/pcc.v09n0306.","journal-title":"Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.211","volume":"3","author":"M Zagami","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zagami M, Klepper E, Wienecke E, Andrzejewski M, Sikder A, Ahmed A, et al. A review of psychocutaneous disorders from a psychotherapeutic perspective-toolkit for the dermatologist. Skin Health Dis. 2023;3(4):e211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ski2.211.","journal-title":"Skin Health Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1026_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2018.10.004","volume":"28","author":"P Mohandas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mohandas P, Srinivasan J, Ravenscroft J, Bewley A. Psychocutaneous disorders in childhood and adolescence. Paediatr Child Health. 2018;28(11):533\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paed.2018.10.004.","journal-title":"Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"1026_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S78522","volume":"11","author":"A Chiriac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chiriac A, Brzezinski P, Pinteala T, Chiriac AE, Foia L. Common psychocutaneous disorders in children. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015;11:333\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S78522.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14888","volume":"39","author":"M Mosca","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mosca M, Martin K, Hadeler E, Hong J, Brownstone N, Koo J. Review of the diagnosis and management of pediatric psychodermatologic conditions: Part I. Pediatr Dermatol. 2022;39(1):17\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.14888.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2165\/11589040-000000000-00000","volume":"12","author":"K Al Hawsawi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Al Hawsawi K, Pope E. Pediatric psychocutaneous disorders: a review of primary psychiatric disorders with dermatologic manifestations: a review of primary psychiatric disorders with dermatologic manifestations. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2011;12(4):247\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11589040-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1026_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"General approach to evaluating psychodermatological disorders. In: Psychocutaneous Medicine [Internet]. CRC Press, Boca Raton; 2003. p. 17\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9780203911877-4","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203911877-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpd.ijpd_39_23","volume":"25","author":"L Mohapatra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohapatra L, Nayak S, Dixit N, Nayak MK. Psychocutaneous disorders in paediatric population: a cross-sectional observational study in a tertiary care centre in eastern India. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol. 2024;25(1):8\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpd.ijpd_39_23.","journal-title":"Indian J Paediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpd.ijpd_135_18","volume":"20","author":"I Hassan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hassan I, Keen M, Bhat Y, Latif I. Psychodermatoses in children. Indian J Paediatr Dermatol. 2019;20(4):306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijpd.ijpd_135_18.","journal-title":"Indian J Paediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1026_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304120-00003","volume":"4","author":"MA Gupta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gupta MA, Gupta AK. Psychiatric and psychological co-morbidity in patients with dermatologic disorders: epidemiology and management. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2003;4(12):833\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00128071-200304120-00003.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-8343(87)90101-0","volume":"9","author":"MA Gupta","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gupta MA, Gupta AK, Haberman HF. The self-inflicted dermatoses: a critical review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 1987;9(1):45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0163-8343(87)90101-0.","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.86171","volume":"17","author":"AD Parga","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parga AD, Liska TM. Stigma, bullying, and resilience: psychosocial outcomes in marginalized adolescents with visible dermatologic conditions. Cureus. 2025;17(6):e86171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.86171.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.02.001","volume":"92","author":"C Mann","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mann C, Wollenberg A, St\u00e4nder S, Staubach P, Tha\u00e7i D, Zirpel H. Risk of developing sleep disorders and psychologic comorbidity in children with inflammatory skin diseases-a population-based study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025;92(6):1261\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.02.001.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"1026_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Talasila S. What are the manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric psychocutaneous diseases? (preprint) [Internet]. JMIR Preprints. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/preprints.63469.","DOI":"10.2196\/preprints.63469"},{"issue":"111170","key":"1026_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111170","volume":"166","author":"CF Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun CF, Singh N, Tenzer MM, Kablinger AS. Factitious dermatitis in children and adolescents is highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders. J Psychosom Res. 2023;166(111170):111170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2023.111170.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"1026_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33590\/emj\/anag6061","author":"MC Estill","year":"2024","unstructured":"Estill MC, Jafferany M. Treatment of dermatitis artefacta: a systematic review. Eur Med J (Chelmsf) [Internet]. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33590\/emj\/anag6061.","journal-title":"Eur Med J (Chelmsf) [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ski2.151","volume":"2","author":"AV Sears","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sears AV, Ali R, O\u2019Connor J, Baron S. Establishing and developing a paediatric psychodermatology service and our experience of a new paediatric psychodermatology clinic during the Covid 19 pandemic. Skin Health Dis. 2022;2(4):e151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ski2.151.","journal-title":"Skin Health Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19731","volume":"38","author":"BR Ferreira","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferreira BR, Vulink N, Mostaghimi L, Jafferany M, Balieva F, Gieler U, et al. Classification of psychodermatological disorders: proposal of a new international classification. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2024;38(4):645\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.19731.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1080\/09546634.2017.1395389","volume":"29","author":"JA Krooks","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krooks JA, Weatherall AG, Holland PJ. Review of epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of common primary psychiatric causes of cutaneous disease. J Dermatolog Treat. 2018;29(4):418\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09546634.2017.1395389.","journal-title":"J Dermatolog Treat"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-2565","volume":"97","author":"M Grzesiak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grzesiak M, Reich A, Szepietowski JC, Hadry\u015b T, Pacan P. Trichotillomania among young adults: prevalence and comorbidity. Acta Derm Venereol. 2017;97(4):509\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-2565.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1026_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.11.93","volume":"11","author":"ME Franklin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franklin ME, Zagrabbe K, Benavides KL. Trichotillomania and its treatment: a review and recommendations. Expert Rev Neurother. 2011;11(8):1165\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/ern.11.93.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-4-18","volume":"4","author":"ME Franklin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Franklin ME, Edson AL, Freeman JB. Behavior therapy for pediatric trichotillomania: exploring the effects of age on treatment outcome. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2010;4(1):18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1753-2000-4-18.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"1026_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.05.009","volume":"50","author":"ME Franklin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franklin ME, Edson AL, Ledley DA, Cahill SP. Behavior therapy for pediatric trichotillomania: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2011;50(8):763\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.05.009.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1026_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.022","volume":"63","author":"MH Bloch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bloch MH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Dombrowski P, Nudel J, Pittenger C, Leckman JF, et al. Response to Chamberlain et al. Re: systematic review: pharmacological and behavioral treatments for trichotillomania. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63(9):e34\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.01.022.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17269","volume":"64","author":"PK Krajewski","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krajewski PK, Zirpel H, Saceda-Corralo D, Tha\u00e7i D, Szepietowski JC. Exploring pharmacological treatment for trichotillomania: do we need better education? Int J Dermatol. 2025;64(1):92\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijd.17269.","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13661","volume":"33","author":"J Torales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Torales J, D\u00edaz NR, Barrios I, Navarro R, Garc\u00eda O, O\u2019Higgins M, et al. Psychodermatology of skin picking (excoriation disorder): a comprehensive review. Dermatol Ther. 2020;33(4):e13661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dth.13661.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.focus.20210013","volume":"19","author":"JE Grant","year":"2021","unstructured":"Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Trichotillomania and skin-picking disorder: an update. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2021;19(4):405\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.focus.20210013.","journal-title":"Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1026_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19116370","volume":"19","author":"DK Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee DK, Lipner SR. The potential of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of trichotillomania, excoriation disorder, onychophagia, and onychotillomania: an updated literature review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(11):6370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19116370.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063392","volume":"19","author":"DK Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee DK, Lipner SR. Update on diagnosis and management of onychophagia and onychotillomania. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(6):3392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19063392.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1026_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.13504","volume":"16","author":"J Tittelbach","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tittelbach J, Peckruhn M, Elsner P. Histopathological patterns in dermatitis artefacta. JDDG. 2018;16(5):559\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ddg.13504.","journal-title":"JDDG"},{"key":"1026_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5826\/dpc.1402a53","author":"EV Di Brizzi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Brizzi EV, Ficca G, Piccolo V, Scharf C, Briatico G, Pellerone S, et al. Dermatitis artefacta: a retrospective descriptive study on 46 patients. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5826\/dpc.1402a53.","journal-title":"Dermatol Pract Concept"},{"issue":"3","key":"1026_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.03.013","volume":"20","author":"JS Walker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Walker JS. Malingering in children: fibs and faking. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;20(3):547\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2011.03.013.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"1026_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13753","volume":"19","author":"S Sood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sood S, Jafferany M, Vinaya Kumar S. Depression, psychiatric comorbidities, and psychosocial implications associated with acne vulgaris. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2020;19(12):3177\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jocd.13753.","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1751-0759-5-11","volume":"5","author":"E Ritvo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ritvo E, Del Rosso JQ, Stillman MA, La Riche C. Psychosocial judgements and perceptions of adolescents with acne vulgaris: a blinded, controlled comparison of adult and peer evaluations. Biopsychosoc Med. 2011;5(1):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1751-0759-5-11.","journal-title":"Biopsychosoc Med"},{"key":"1026_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S111041","volume":"10","author":"CJ Connor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Connor CJ. Management of the psychological comorbidities of dermatological conditions: practitioners&#39; guidelines. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2017;10:117\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CCID.S111041.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"1026_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.6232","volume":"103","author":"BG Tros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tros BG, Kemperman PMJH, Kuckulus J, Hoekzema R, Vulink NCC. Body dysmorphic disorder and self-esteem in adolescents and young adults with acne vulgaris. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv6232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/actadv.v103.6232.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1026_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1159\/000370226","volume":"66","author":"C Lifschitz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lifschitz C. The impact of atopic dermatitis on quality of life. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015;66(Suppl 1):34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000370226.","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18564","volume":"37","author":"J Wan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wan J, Shin DB, Syed MN, Abuabara K, Lemeshow AR, Gelfand JM. Atopic dermatitis and risk of major neuropsychiatric disorders in children: a population-based cohort study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(1):114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.18564.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15818","volume":"79","author":"S Cameron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cameron S, Donnelly A, Broderick C, Arichi T, Bartsch U, Dazzan P, et al. Mind and skin: exploring the links between inflammation, sleep disturbance and neurocognitive function in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy. 2024;79(1):26\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/all.15818.","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.15185","volume":"40","author":"E Strouphauer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Strouphauer E, Stolar A, Tollefson M. Manifestation of anxiety and depression among pediatric patients with psoriasis: a review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2023;40(1):11\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.15185.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14163","volume":"174","author":"MJ van Geel","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Geel MJ, Maatkamp M, Oostveen AM, de Jong EMGJ, Finlay AY, van de Kerkhof PCM, et al. Comparison of the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Children\u2019s Dermatology Life Quality Index in assessment of quality of life in patients with psoriasis aged 16-17 years. Br J Dermatol. 2016;174(1):152\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.14163.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1026_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18848","volume":"37","author":"M Prendke","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prendke M, Kanti-Schmidt V, Wilborn D, Hillmann K, Singh R, Vogt A, et al. Quality of life in children and adolescents with alopecia areata-a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023;37(8):1521\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.18848.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1026_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.36849\/JDD.7713","volume":"22","author":"MM Cartwright","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cartwright MM, Kamen T, Desai SR. The psychosocial burden of skin disease and dermatology care insights among skin of color consumers. J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(10):1027\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36849\/JDD.7713.","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00714-y","volume":"23","author":"B Rafidi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafidi B, Kondapi K, Beestrum M, Basra S, Lio P. Psychological therapies and mind-body techniques in the management of dermatologic diseases: a systematic review. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2022;23(6):755\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-022-00714-y.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1026_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.8488","volume":"103","author":"BR Ferreira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ferreira BR, Misery L. Psychopathology associated with chronic pruritus: a systematic review. Acta Derm Venereol. 2023;103:adv8488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/actadv.v103.8488.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8019.2003.01620.x","volume":"16","author":"PD Shenefelt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shenefelt PD. Biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral methods, and hypnosis in dermatology: is it all in your mind? Dermatol Ther. 2003;16(2):114\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1529-8019.2003.01620.x.","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-017-0760-3","volume":"19","author":"N Malas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malas N, Ortiz-Aguayo R, Giles L, Ibeziako P. Pediatric somatic symptom disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2017;19(2):11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11920-017-0760-3.","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104520978462","volume":"26","author":"A Vassilopoulos","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vassilopoulos A, L Poulopoulos N, Ibeziako P. School absenteeism as a potential proxy of functionality in pediatric patients with somatic symptom and related disorders. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021;26(2):342\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1359104520978462.","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000068","volume":"8","author":"RR Revankar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Revankar RR, Revankar NR, Balogh EA, Patel HA, Kaplan SG, Feldman SR. Cognitive behavior therapy as dermatological treatment: a narrative review. Int J Womens Dermatol. 2022;8(4):e068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JW9.0000000000000068.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.01.017","volume":"64","author":"G Krebs","year":"2025","unstructured":"Krebs G, Clark BR, Ford TJ, Stringaris A. Epidemiology of body dysmorphic disorder and appearance preoccupation in youth: prevalence, comorbidity and psychosocial impairment. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2025;64(1):30\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2024.01.017.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1026_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2921","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S284077","volume":"16","author":"IS Chee","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chee IS, Kim HJ, Lee Y, Kim JW. Body dysmorphic disorder, psychiatric symptoms, and quality of life in female dermatological patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020;16:2921\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S284077.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"1026_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.13700.1","volume":"7","author":"K Hong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hong K, Nezgovorova V, Hollander E. New perspectives in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder. F1000Res. 2018;7:361\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.13700.1.","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2006.12.028","volume":"131","author":"N Sethna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sethna N, Meier P, Zurakowski D, Berde C. Cutaneous sensory abnormalities in children and adolescents with complex regional pain syndromes. Pain. 2007;131(1):153\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pain.2006.12.028.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.06.063","volume":"89","author":"A Labib","year":"2023","unstructured":"Labib A, Burke O, Nichols A, Maderal AD. Approach to diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of generalized and nonlocal dysesthesia: A review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2023;89(6):1192\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.06.063.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1026_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.04.023","volume":"81","author":"EJ Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang EJ, Beck KM, Koo J. Folie \u00e0 famille: A systematic review of shared delusional infestation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(5):1211\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.04.023.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.25758","volume":"14","author":"PR Cohen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen PR. \u201cDoctor, you must examine my creature collection!\u201d: A case report of delusional infestation. Cureus. 2022;14(6):e25758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.25758.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.70345","volume":"32","author":"JM Mart\u00ednez-Ripoll","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Ripoll JM, Garc\u00eda-Domingo M, De la Fuente Robles YM. Interdisciplinary approach in pediatric patients with recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: experience from the Dermatology Service and the Palliative Care and Complex Chronic Patient Team at Sant Joan de D\u00e9u Hospital (Barcelona, Spain). J Eval Clin Pract. 2026;32(1):e70345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jep.70345.","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_607_19","volume":"62","author":"S Sailly","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sailly S, Khanande RV, Munda SK, Mehta VS. Body-focused repetitive behaviors in school-going children and adolescents and its relationship with state-trait anxiety and life events. Indian J Psychiatry. 2020;62(6):703\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_607_19.","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.01.007","volume":"20","author":"CA Flessner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Flessner CA. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood repetitive behavior disorders: tic disorders and trichotillomania. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;20(2):319\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2011.01.007.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-019-09668-6","volume":"28","author":"B Bursch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bursch B, Emerson ND, Sanders MJ. Evaluation and management of factitious disorder imposed on another. J Clin Psychol Med Settings. 2021;28(1):67\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10880-019-09668-6.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol Med Settings"},{"issue":"5","key":"1026_CR61","first-page":"22","volume":"14","author":"C Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung C, Salem S, Nguyen E, Koo J. Pediatric factitious disorder perpetuated by others: a dermatologist\u2019s duty beyond the skin. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol [Internet]. 2021;14(5):22\u20134.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol [Internet]."},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58674","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58674","volume":"16","author":"K Suhag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suhag K, Rauniyar S. Social media effects regarding eating disorders and body image in young adolescents. Cureus [Internet]. 2024;16(4):e58674. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.58674.","journal-title":"Cureus [Internet]."},{"key":"1026_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409980","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1409980","volume":"15","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Zhou M. The impact of social media information exposure on appearance anxiety in young acne patients: a moderated chain mediation model. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2024;15:1409980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2024.1409980.","journal-title":"Front Psychol [Internet]."},{"issue":"6","key":"1026_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0594","volume":"160","author":"AS Paller","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paller AS, Rangel SM, Chamlin SL, Hajek A, Phan S, Hogeling M, et al. Stigmatization and mental health impact of chronic pediatric skin disorders. JAMA Dermatol [Internet]. 2024;160(6):621\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamadermatol.2024.0594.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol [Internet]."},{"issue":"9 Suppl 1","key":"1026_CR65","first-page":"S19","volume":"14","author":"D Datta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Datta D, Sarkar R, Podder I. Parental stress and quality of life in chronic childhood dermatoses: a review. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol [Internet]. 2021;14(9 Suppl 1):S19-23.","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol [Internet]."},{"issue":"1","key":"1026_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.10.003","volume":"4","author":"RB Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah RB. Impact of collaboration between psychologists and dermatologists: UK hospital system example. Int J Womens Dermatol [Internet]. 2018;4(1):8\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijwd.2017.10.003.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol [Internet]."},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare7040114","volume":"7","author":"RC Bransfield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bransfield RC, Friedman KJ. Differentiating psychosomatic, somatopsychic, multisystem illnesses, and medical uncertainty. Healthcare (Basel) [Internet]. 2019;7(4):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare7040114.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel) [Internet]"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14991","volume":"39","author":"EA Russell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Russell EA, Bennett SD, Ali R, Baron S, Flohr C, Grindlay D, et al. Identifying mental health needs of children and youth with skin disease: a systematic review of screening and assessment tools. Pediatr Dermatol [Internet]. 2022;39(4):541\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pde.14991.","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol [Internet]"},{"issue":"9926","key":"1026_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62186-8","volume":"383","author":"C Bass","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bass C, Halligan P. Factitious disorders and malingering: challenges for clinical assessment and management. Lancet [Internet]. 2014;383(9926):1422\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62186-8.","journal-title":"Lancet [Internet]"},{"key":"1026_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20220556","DOI":"10.4762\/2237-6089-2022-0556","volume":"47","author":"MM Mendes-Sousa","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mendes-Sousa MM, Perrone MB, de Melo RB, Ribeiro MVV, Chao Q, Torres C, et al. The impact of family stress and resilience on child development: a scoping review. Trends Psychiatry Psychother [Internet]. 2025;47:e20220556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4762\/2237-6089-2022-0556.","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psychother [Internet]"},{"key":"1026_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Singh AR, Veale D. Understanding and treating body dysmorphic disorder. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2019;61(Suppl 1):S131\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_528_18.","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_528_18"},{"issue":"9","key":"1026_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007662.pub3","volume":"9","author":"J Hoffman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoffman J, Williams T, Rothbart R, Ipser JC, Fineberg N, Chamberlain SR, et al. Pharmacotherapy for trichotillomania. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021;9(9):CD007662. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD007662.pub3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"1026_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.880496","volume":"13","author":"K Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li K, Zhou G, Xiao Y, Gu J, Chen Q, Xie S, et al. Risk of suicidal behaviors and antidepressant exposure among children and adolescents: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13:880496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.880496.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"1026_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00270","volume":"9","author":"C Davico","year":"2018","unstructured":"Davico C, Canavese C, Vittorini R, Gandione M, Vitiello B. Anticonvulsants for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents: a systematic review of their efficacy. Front Psychiatry. 2018;9:270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00270.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1026_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X19666210712151556","volume":"19","author":"AB Speers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Speers AB, Cabey KA, Soumyanath A, Wright KM. Effects of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) on stress and the stress- related neuropsychiatric disorders anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2021;19(9):1468\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159X19666210712151556.","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1026_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2024.07.005","volume":"42","author":"KR Ahuja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ahuja KR, Lio PA. The role of the pediatric dermatologist in childhood bullying prevention and intervention: a call to action. Clin Dermatol. 2024;42(5):557\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2024.07.005.","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"1026_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare14030330","author":"MB Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2026","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz MB, Zafra-Agea JA, Marco EM, Flores-Salda\u00f1a M, Vera-Remart\u00ednez EJ, Esteve-Clavero A, et al. Effectiveness of school-based psychoeducational program in reducing bullying and improving self-esteem: a systematic review. Healthcare (Basel). 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare14030330.","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1026_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/104012371702900404","volume":"29","author":"SA Mossman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mossman SA, Luft MJ, Schroeder HK, Varney ST, Fleck DE, Barzman DH, et al. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale in adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder: signal detection and validation. Ann Clin Psychiatry [Internet]. 2017;29(4):227\u201334.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry [Internet]"},{"key":"1026_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.587821","volume":"11","author":"A Bryant","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bryant A, Guy J, CALM Team, Holmes J. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire predicts concurrent mental health difficulties in a transdiagnostic sample of struggling learners. Front Psychol. 2020;11:587821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.587821.","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1026_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2011.01.004","volume":"20","author":"KA Phillips","year":"2011","unstructured":"Phillips KA, Rogers J. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth with body dysmorphic disorder: current status and future directions. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;20(2):287\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2011.01.004.","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Clinical Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:39:33Z","timestamp":1778661573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1026"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40257-026-01026-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-0561","1179-1888"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-0561","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1888","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not required.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Data cannot be shared openly but are available on request from authors.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Isabella J. Tan. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Isabella J. Tan and Alexis Mitelman and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}