{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:44:40Z","timestamp":1776858280901,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Cape Town"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Health Econ Health Policy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T10:05:29Z","timestamp":1772013929000},"page":"553-566","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Economic Evaluation of Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1840-1176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rochelle","family":"Woudberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edina","family":"Sinanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1031_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2020.1697225","volume":"13","author":"R Moia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moia R, et al. An update on: molecular genetics of high-risk chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2020;13(2):109\u201316.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-021-00973-6","volume":"21","author":"Y Yao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yao Y, et al. The global burden and attributable risk factors of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019. Biomed Eng Online. 2022;21(1):4.","journal-title":"Biomed Eng Online"},{"key":"1031_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2025.102818","volume":"97","author":"R Woudberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woudberg R, Meiring SM, Sinanovic E. Leukaemia epidemiology and burden of disease in South Africa: 2015\u20132019. Cancer Epidemiol. 2025;97:102818.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1031_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000411","volume":"25","author":"RA Harkins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harkins RA, Patel SP, Flowers CR. Cost-effectiveness of new targeted agents in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Cancer J. 2019;25(6):418\u201327.","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4239-7","volume":"12","author":"AA Basabaeen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basabaeen AA, et al. Clinical presentation and hematological profile among young and old chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients in Sudan. BMC Res Notes. 2019;12(1):202.","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"1031_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2152-2650(20)30806-5","volume":"20","author":"F Demirkan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Demirkan F, Sevindik \u00d6G. CLL-395: real-world data from the Turkish National Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia Registry. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020;20:S229.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-016-2205-5","volume":"16","author":"M Elidrissi Errahhali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elidrissi Errahhali M, et al. Distribution and features of hematological malignancies in Eastern Morocco: a retrospective multicenter study over 5 years. BMC Cancer. 2016;16(1):159.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-14-438","volume":"14","author":"MS Hossain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hossain MS, et al. Diagnosed hematological malignancies in Bangladesh - a retrospective analysis of over 5000 cases from 10 specialized hospitals. BMC Cancer. 2014;14(1):438.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1031_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4314\/mmj.v31i2.7","volume":"31","author":"AJ Madu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Madu AJ. Presenting features and treatment outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in a resource poor Southern Nigeria. Malawi Med J. 2019;31(2):144\u20139.","journal-title":"Malawi Med J"},{"key":"1031_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.885150","volume":"12","author":"Z Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian Z, et al. Distinct age-related clinical features and risk assessment in Chinese with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Front Oncol. 2022;12:885150.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"1031_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17008","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.8","volume":"3","author":"TJ Kipps","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kipps TJ, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3:17008.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"11","key":"1031_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1946","volume":"329","author":"M Shadman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shadman M. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: a review. JAMA. 2023;329(11):918\u201332.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.09.019","volume":"32","author":"B Eichhorst","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eichhorst B, et al. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021;32(1):23\u201333.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"1031_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Explorer S. Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. 2024.","DOI":"10.1093\/jncimonographs\/lgae033"},{"issue":"17","key":"1031_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020004922","volume":"136","author":"KK Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel KK, et al. Cost-effectiveness of first-line vs third-line ibrutinib in patients with untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood. 2020;136(17):1946\u201355.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1031_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26683","author":"JA Woyach","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woyach JA. Management of relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Am J Hematol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajh.26683.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1031_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3918","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-19-2856","volume":"26","author":"JC Byrd","year":"2020","unstructured":"Byrd JC, et al. Ibrutinib treatment for first-line and relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: final analysis of the pivotal phase Ib\/II PCYC-1102 study. Clin Cancer Res. 2020;26(15):3918\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"1031_CR18","unstructured":"Abbvie, IMBRUVICA\u00ae (ibrutinib) approved by U.S. FDA for the first-line treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 2016."},{"key":"1031_CR19","unstructured":"FDA, FDA approves zanubrutinib for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma. 2023."},{"key":"1031_CR20","unstructured":"FDA, Project Orbis: FDA approves acalabrutinib for CLL and SLL. 2019."},{"issue":"6","key":"1031_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0031","volume":"20","author":"WG Wierda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wierda WG, et al. NCCN Guidelines\u00ae insights: chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma, version 3.2022. J Natl Comp Cancer Netw. 2022;20(6):622\u201334.","journal-title":"J Natl Comp Cancer Netw"},{"issue":"9","key":"1031_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018030007","volume":"3","author":"FT Awan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Awan FT, et al. Acalabrutinib monotherapy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia who are intolerant to ibrutinib. Blood Adv. 2019;3(9):1553\u201362.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"1031_CR23","unstructured":"Horsham, P., Janssen Biotech, Inc.; 2020. Full Prescribing Information. STELARA\u00ae(ustekinumab) injection for subcutaneous or intravenous use.[Google Scholar], 2020."},{"issue":"3","key":"1031_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2014.002469","volume":"11","author":"TD Shanafelt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shanafelt TD, et al. Impact of ibrutinib and idelalisib on the pharmaceutical cost of treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia at the individual and societal levels. J Oncol Pract. 2015;11(3):252\u20138.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pract"},{"key":"1031_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musaigwa, F., et al., Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia trends and features at a tertiary hospital in South Africa (2011\u20132016). S Afr J Oncol. 2021:51-6.","DOI":"10.4102\/sajo.v5i0.168"},{"issue":"11","key":"1031_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25595","volume":"94","author":"M Hallek","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hallek M. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment. Am J Hematol. 2019;94(11):1266\u201387.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1031_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1956","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2018.187583","volume":"103","author":"E Campo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campo E, et al. TP53 aberrations in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: an overview of the clinical implications of improved diagnostics. Haematologica. 2018;103(12):1956\u201368.","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"7","key":"1031_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-024-02267-x","volume":"38","author":"J Malcikova","year":"2024","unstructured":"Malcikova J, et al. ERIC recommendations for TP53 mutation analysis in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia-2024 update. Leukemia. 2024;38(7):1455\u201368.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1031_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2024.10.015","volume":"25","author":"AM Varghese","year":"2025","unstructured":"Varghese AM, Munir T. SOHO state of the art updates and next questions | Impact of biologic markers on outcomes with novel therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2025;25(6):381\u201394.","journal-title":"Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01001-1","volume":"14","author":"R Bennett","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bennett R, Seymour JF. Update on the management of relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood Cancer J. 2024;14(1):33.","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-11971-x","volume":"24","author":"Y-B Shim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shim Y-B, et al. Comparison of partitioned survival modeling with state transition modeling approaches with or without consideration of brain metastasis: a case study of Osimertinib versus pemetrexed-platinum. BMC Cancer. 2024;24(1):189.","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"1031_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandrik, O., et al., Cost-effectiveness of adding rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in Ukraine. In: Cancer management and research, 2015; p. 279.","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S79258"},{"issue":"4","key":"1031_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989X16670617","volume":"37","author":"C Williams","year":"2017","unstructured":"Williams C, et al. Estimation of survival probabilities for use in cost-effectiveness analyses: a comparison of a multi-state modeling survival analysis approach with partitioned survival and Markov decision-analytic modeling. Med Decis Making. 2017;37(4):427\u201339.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"2","key":"1031_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-013-0125-7","volume":"32","author":"M Adena","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adena M, et al. Modelling the cost effectiveness of rituximab in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in first-line therapy and following relapse. Pharmacoeconomics. 2014;32(2):193\u2013207.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1031_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2011.605918","volume":"53","author":"J Hornberger","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hornberger J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of adding rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide for the treatment of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2012;53(2):225\u201334.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"issue":"4","key":"1031_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-023-01346-8","volume":"42","author":"DW Kang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kang DW, et al. Cost effectiveness of Zanubrutinib versus Ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Pharmacoeconomics. 2024;42(4):409\u201318.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1031_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00583-9","volume":"37","author":"L Lorenzovici","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lorenzovici L, et al. Systematic literature review of economic evaluations of treatment alternatives in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. BioDrugs. 2023;37(2):219\u201333.","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"1031_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16183182","author":"K Guinan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guinan K, et al. The economic impact of treatment sequencing in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in Canada using venetoclax plus obinutuzumab. Cancers (Basel). 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cancers16183182.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17294","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-68431-6","volume":"14","author":"S Pollard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pollard S, et al. Assay-guided treatment sequencing in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL): a cost-effectiveness analysis. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):17294.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0266462322000265","volume":"38","author":"M Wilkinson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkinson M, et al. Health technology assessment in support of national health insurance in South Africa. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2022;38(1):1\u201332.","journal-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"1031_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3440","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021006434","volume":"6","author":"PM Barr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Barr PM, et al. Up to 8-year follow-up from RESONATE-2: first-line ibrutinib treatment for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood Adv. 2022;6(11):3440\u201350.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"10232","key":"1031_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30262-2","volume":"395","author":"JP Sharman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharman JP, et al. Acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil and obinutuzumab for treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ELEVATE-TN): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. The Lancet. 2020;395(10232):1278\u201391.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1031_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO-24-02265","volume":"43","author":"M Shadman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shadman M, et al. Zanubrutinib versus bendamustine and rituximab in patients with treatment-na\u00efve chronic lymphocytic leukaemia\/small lymphocytic lymphoma: median 5-year follow-up of SEQUOIA. J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(7):780\u20137.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"26","key":"1031_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2706","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024024667","volume":"144","author":"JR Brown","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brown JR, et al. Sustained benefit of zanubrutinib vs ibrutinib in patients with R\/R CLL\/SLL: final comparative analysis of ALPINE. Blood. 2024;144(26):2706\u201317.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"12","key":"1031_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000801","volume":"6","author":"P Ghia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ghia P, et al. Acalabrutinib versus investigator\u2019s choice in relapsed\/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: final ASCEND trial results. Hemasphere. 2022;6(12):e801.","journal-title":"Hemasphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"1031_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-9","volume":"12","author":"P Guyot","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guyot P, et al. Enhanced secondary analysis of survival data: reconstructing the data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2012;12(1):9.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1031_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012142","volume":"8","author":"AS Kittai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kittai AS, et al. An indirect comparison of acalabrutinib with and without obinutuzumab vs zanubrutinib in treatment-naive CLL. Blood Adv. 2024;8(11):2861\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"1031_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2022-156948","volume":"140","author":"N Alrawashdh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alrawashdh N, McBride A, Abraham I. Cost-effectiveness analyses of first line ibrutinib versus acalabrutinib versus zanubrutinib followed by second line venetoclax plus rituximab in previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients. Blood. 2022;140(Supplement 1):2155\u20136.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"1031_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175883592513405","DOI":"10.1177\/17588359251340554","volume":"17","author":"M Shadman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shadman M, et al. Efficacy of zanubrutinib versus acalabrutinib for relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (R\/R CLL): a matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC). Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025;17:17588359251340554.","journal-title":"Ther Adv Med Oncol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1031_CR50","first-page":"781","volume":"36","author":"R Woudberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Woudberg R, Sinanovic E. Priority setting for improved leukaemia management and research in South Africa: a modified Delphi study. Cancer Causes Control. 2025;36(8):781\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"1031_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1713976","volume":"378","author":"JF Seymour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Seymour JF, et al. Venetoclax-rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(12):1107\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1031_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050980","volume":"16","author":"MA Anderson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Anderson MA, et al. Venetoclax initiation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: international insights and innovative approaches for optimal patient care. Cancers. 2024;16(5):980.","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"1031_CR53","unstructured":"Health SANDo. Database of Medicine Prices 30 August 2024. 2024."},{"key":"1031_CR54","unstructured":"Africa NS. National Department of Health South Africa. Uniform Patient Fee Schedule Tarriffs 2024: Tshwane."},{"key":"1031_CR55","unstructured":"NHLS, NHLS State Price List 2018. 2018."},{"key":"1031_CR56","volume-title":"Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes","author":"MF Drummond","year":"2015","unstructured":"Drummond MF, Sculpher MJ, Claxton K, Stoddart GL, Torrance GW. Methods for the economic evaluation of health care programmes. 4th ed. Oxford University Press; 2015.","edition":"4"},{"key":"1031_CR57","unstructured":"NICE, Venetoclax with rituximab for previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 2019."},{"key":"1031_CR58","unstructured":"SANBS, State Patient Price List 2023-2024. 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"1031_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czz152","volume":"35","author":"IP Edoka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Edoka IP, Stacey NK. Estimating a cost-effectiveness threshold for health care decision-making in South Africa. Health Policy Plan. 2020;35(5):546\u201355.","journal-title":"Health Policy Plan"},{"issue":"8","key":"1031_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.02.017","volume":"19","author":"B Woods","year":"2016","unstructured":"Woods B, et al. Country-level cost-effectiveness thresholds: initial estimates and the need for further research. Value Health. 2016;19(8):929\u201335.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"1031_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31931","volume":"125","author":"S Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma S, Rai KR. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) treatment: so many choices, such great options. Cancer. 2019;125(9):1432\u201340.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1031_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2211582","volume":"388","author":"JR Brown","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brown JR, et al. Zanubrutinib or ibrutinib in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(4):319\u201332.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1031_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1080\/14737167.2023.2288683","volume":"24","author":"R Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li R, et al. A Markov model-based cost-effectiveness analysis comparing zanubrutinib to ibrutinib for treating relapsed and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2024;24(9):1089\u201396.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1031_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2024.10.453","volume":"27","author":"Y Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu Y, Han S. EE169 cost-effectiveness analysis of acalabrutinib for patients with relapse and refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (R\/R CLL). Value Health. 2024;27(12):S87.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1031_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-019-00496-1","volume":"17","author":"RA Vreman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vreman RA, et al. Phase I\/II clinical trial-based early economic evaluation of acalabrutinib for relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2019;17(6):883\u201393.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"issue":"16","key":"1031_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023009739","volume":"7","author":"LE Roeker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roeker LE, et al. Real-world comparative effectiveness of acalabrutinib and ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Blood Adv. 2023;7(16):4291\u2013301.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"10","key":"1031_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1080\/10428194.2021.1913144","volume":"62","author":"MS Davids","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davids MS, et al. Matching-adjusted indirect comparisons of safety and efficacy of acalabrutinib versus other targeted therapies in patients with treatment-na\u00efve chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2021;62(10):2342\u201351.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"}],"container-title":["Applied Health Economics and Health Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T11:04:08Z","timestamp":1776855848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1031"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01031-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-5652","1179-1896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5652","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and the datasets used and\/or analysed during the current study are publicly available from source.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and materials"}},{"value":"The Microsoft Excel-based Partitioned Survival Model and associated calculation code used in this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study was a retrospective data review and there was no enrolment of human subjects, hence no informed consent was necessary.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors contributed to the study conception. RW was responsible for the study design, development of the economic model, data analysis and interpretation, and drafting of this article. ES contributed to the revision of the manuscript and data interpretation. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}