{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:48:43Z","timestamp":1792180123062,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009243","name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019offre de Soins","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRME-21-0006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRME-21-0006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009243","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Appl Health Econ Health Policy"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:04:22Z","timestamp":1792177462000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Challenge of Unit Cost Harmonisation: A French National Reference Unit Cost for Healthcare Services (the MOVIE Project)"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christel","family":"Castelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coralie","family":"Delettrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amandine","family":"Coffy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svletana","family":"Artemova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Bulsei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katia","family":"Charriere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"David-Tchouda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Dervaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera","family":"Georgescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia","family":"Le Bras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aubane","family":"L\u2019hospital","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Loubi\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Margier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Serrier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Laure","family":"Soilly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Viprey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micha\u00ebl","family":"Mouni\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nad\u00e8ge","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1079_CR1","unstructured":"Droit national en vigueur\u2014Codes\u2014L\u00e9gifrance n.d. https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/download\/pdf?id=-QBMjl6gzvkwtbVLsUqiaSfJvp_yqT8SIiOnWW6Q0Fc=. Accessed 16 June 2026."},{"key":"1079_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22377\/ajp.v12i01.2343","author":"DA Riewpaiboon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riewpaiboon DA. National reference unit cost of health care services: international experiences. Asian J Pharm AJP. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22377\/ajp.v12i01.2343.","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm AJP"},{"key":"1079_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-022-00390-y","volume":"12","author":"C Fischer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fischer C, Mayer S, Peri\u0107 N, et al. Harmonization issues in unit costing of service use for multi-country, multi-sectoral health economic evaluations: a scoping review. Health Econ Rev. 2022;12:42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13561-022-00390-y.","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"1079_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2020.06.001","volume":"23","author":"S Mayer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mayer S, Fischer C, Zechmeister-Koss I, et al. Are unit costs the same? A case study comparing different valuation methods for unit cost calculation of general practitioner consultations. Value Health. 2020;23:1142\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2020.06.001.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1079_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01815.x","volume":"12","author":"A Riewpaiboon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Riewpaiboon A, Malaroje S, Kongsawatt S. Effect of costing methods on unit cost of hospital medical services. Trop Med Int Health. 2007;12:554\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01815.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"1079_CR6","unstructured":"Mogyorosy Z, Smith P. The main methodological issues in costing health care services 2005. https:\/\/www.york.ac.uk\/media\/che\/documents\/papers\/researchpapers\/rp7_Methodological_issues_in_costing_health_care_services.pdf"},{"key":"1079_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"PECUNIA Group. PECUNIA Reference Unit Costs Compendium (PECUNIA RUC Compendium) 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5281\/ZENODO.5040068.","DOI":"10.5281\/ZENODO.5040068"},{"key":"1079_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063500","volume":"19","author":"S Mayer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mayer S, Berger M, Konnopka A, et al. In search for comparability: the PECUNIA reference unit costs for health and social care services in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:3500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19063500.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1079_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-024-00905-0","volume":"22","author":"S Mayer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mayer S, Berger M, Peri\u0107 N, et al. The development of a new approach for the harmonized multi-sectoral and multi-country cost valuation of services: the PECUNIA reference unit cost (RUC) templates. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2024;22:783\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-024-00905-0.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"1079_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200220070-00002","volume":"20","author":"JB Oostenbrink","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oostenbrink JB, Koopmanschap MA, Rutten FFH. Standardisation of costs: the Dutch manual for costing in economic evaluations. Pharmacoeconomics. 2002;20:443\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00019053-200220070-00002.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1079_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-858698","volume":"67","author":"C Krauth","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krauth C, Hessel F, Hansmeier T, et al. Empirical standard costs for health economic evaluation in Germany\u2014a proposal by the working group methods in health economic evaluation. Gesundheitswesen Bundesverb Arzte Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes Ger. 2005;67:736\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2005-858698.","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen Bundesverb Arzte Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes Ger"},{"key":"1079_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187477","volume":"12","author":"TA Kanters","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanters TA, Bouwmans CAM, Van Der Linden N, et al. Update of the Dutch manual for costing studies in health care. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0187477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187477.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1079_CR13","unstructured":"Trust Reference Costs | UK Department of Health 2016. https:\/\/www.health-ni.gov.uk\/articles\/trust-reference-costs. Accessed 31 Mar 2025."},{"key":"1079_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13561-023-00469-0","volume":"13","author":"B Amies-Cull","year":"2023","unstructured":"Amies-Cull B, Luengo-Fernandez R, Scarborough P, et al. NHS reference costs: a history and cautionary note. Health Econ Rev. 2023;13:54. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13561-023-00469-0.","journal-title":"Health Econ Rev"},{"key":"1079_CR15","unstructured":"N. H. S. England. NHS England\u2014National Cost Collection for the NHS 2023. https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/costing-in-the-nhs\/national-cost-collection\/. Accessed 31 Mar 2025."},{"key":"1079_CR16","unstructured":"Reference cost guidance. GOVUK 2011. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/reference-cost-guidance. Accessed 31 Mar 2025."},{"key":"1079_CR17","unstructured":"Jones CK, Burns A. Costs of health and social care 2021."},{"key":"1079_CR18","unstructured":"Australian Government, Department of Health Disability and Aging. PBAC Guidelines | 3A.6 Health care resource use and costs 2016. https:\/\/pbac.pbs.gov.au\/section-3a\/3a-6-health-care-resource-use-and-costs.html. Accessed 31 Mar 2025."},{"key":"1079_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2014.08.1074","volume":"17","author":"S Mostardt","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mostardt S, Sandmann FG, Seidl A, et al. Standard costs for health economic evaluations: an international comparison. Value Health. 2014;17:A427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2014.08.1074.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1079_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-022-07791-z","volume":"22","author":"J Esp\u00edn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Esp\u00edn J, \u0160pac\u00edrov\u00e1 Z, Rovira J, et al. Development of the European Healthcare and Social Cost Database (EU HCSCD) for use in economic evaluation of healthcare programs. BMC Health Serv Res. 2022;22:405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-022-07791-z.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"1079_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12962-024-00552-1","volume":"22","author":"M Sittimart","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sittimart M, Rattanavipapong W, Mirelman AJ, et al. An overview of the perspectives used in health economic evaluations. Cost Eff Resour Alloc. 2024;22:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12962-024-00552-1.","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Alloc"},{"key":"1079_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2023.09.655","volume":"26","author":"E Alaoui","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alaoui E, Arcelin T, Kirion J, et al. EE389 collective vs health insurance perspective in a French efficiency model: a diversity of cost measurement sources. Value Health. 2023;26:S125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2023.09.655.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1079_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-020-01229-1","volume":"21","author":"J P\u00f6hlmann","year":"2020","unstructured":"P\u00f6hlmann J, Norrbacka K, Boye KS, et al. Costs and where to find them: identifying unit costs for health economic evaluations of diabetes in France, Germany and Italy. Eur J Health Econ. 2020;21:1179\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10198-020-01229-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1079_CR24","unstructured":"HAS. Choix m\u00e9thodologiques pour l\u2019\u00e9valuation \u00e9conomique \u00e0 la HAS 2020."},{"key":"1079_CR25","unstructured":"Quels sont les tarifs d\u2019un m\u00e9decin (conventionn\u00e9 ou non)\u202f? n.d. https:\/\/www.service-public.gouv.fr\/particuliers\/vosdroits\/F17042. Accessed 22 June 2026."},{"key":"1079_CR26","unstructured":"Donn\u00e9es de l\u2019Echelle de Nationale des Co\u00fbts. ATIH n.d. https:\/\/www.scansante.fr\/applications\/enc-mco. Accessed 6 Apr 2023."},{"key":"1079_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.54695\/jges.241.0058","volume":"1","author":"C Castelli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Castelli C, Mouni\u00e9 M, Costa N. Le d\u00e9fi de la standardisation des co\u00fbts\u202f: construction d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiel statistique de co\u00fbts unitaires des prestations en sant\u00e9. J Gest D\u00e9conomie Sant\u00e9. 2024;1:58\u201372.","journal-title":"J Gest D\u00e9conomie Sant\u00e9"},{"key":"1079_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jeph.2026.203385","volume":"74","author":"C Castelli","year":"2026","unstructured":"Castelli C, Mouni\u00e9 M, Costa N. How to value the full cost of medical consultations in France? Results from MOVIE project. J Epidemiol Popul Health. 2026;74:203385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jeph.2026.203385.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Popul Health"},{"key":"1079_CR29","first-page":"141","volume":"5278","author":"P Tuppin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tuppin P, Rudant J, Constantinou P, et al. Value of a national administrative database to guide public decisions: from the syst\u00e8me national d\u2019information interr\u00e9gimes de l\u2019Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) to the syst\u00e8me national des donn\u00e9es de sant\u00e9 (SNDS) in France. Rev D\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie Sant\u00e9 Publique. 2017;5278:141\u2013242.","journal-title":"Rev D\u00e9pid\u00e9miologie Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"key":"1079_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1063806","volume":"11","author":"M-A Sanchez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanchez M-A, Sanchez S, Bouazzi L, et al. Does the implementation of pay-for-performance indicators improve the quality of healthcare? First results in France. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1063806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1063806.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1079_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz187.147","volume":"29","author":"AA Atramont","year":"2018","unstructured":"Atramont AA, Coffy SC, Sebo SS, et al. Pay for performance scheme for general practitioners in France: results in 2018. Eur J Public Health. 2018;29:ckz187.147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurpub\/ckz187.147.","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"1079_CR32","unstructured":"DREES. Les d\u00e9penses de sant\u00e9 en 2022\u2014Edition 2023."},{"key":"1079_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.8432","volume":"8","author":"SR Kirkhorn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kirkhorn SR, Schenker MB. Current health effects of agricultural work: respiratory disease, cancer, reproductive effects, musculoskeletal injuries, and pesticide-related illnesses. J Agric Saf Health. 2002;8:199\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13031\/2013.8432.","journal-title":"J Agric Saf Health"},{"key":"1079_CR34","unstructured":"MSA\u2014Les chiffres utiles de la MSA\u2014MSA_FR n.d. https:\/\/www.msa.fr\/lfp\/chiffres-utiles-msa?utm_source=chatgpt.com. Accessed 22 June 2026."},{"key":"1079_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2169-1480","volume":"86","author":"L-K Muntendorf","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muntendorf L-K, Brettschneider C, Konnopka A, et al. Aktualisierung der standardisierten Bewertungss\u00e4tze aus gesellschaftlicher Perspektive f\u00fcr gesundheits\u00f6konomische Evaluationen. Gesundheitswesen. 2024;86:389\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/a-2169-1480.","journal-title":"Gesundheitswesen"}],"container-title":["Applied Health Economics and Health Policy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:04:23Z","timestamp":1792177463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["1079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40258-026-01079-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1175-5652","1179-1896"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1175-5652","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1896","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available but restrictions apply to the availability of these data. Any researcher who wishes to access SNDS data must submit a request to the French Heath Data Hub (\n                      \n                      ); these data are not publicly available.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Data availability statements","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This is an observational study on pre-existing data and no ethical approval is required. The study was registered in the National Registry of Studies maintained by the French Health Data Hub (reference: F20230203132707) and has been declared to the Data Protection Officer (DPO).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Conceptualisation, CC; methodology, CC; Formal analysis, CC, CD, AC, JB, VG, AL, AL, SL, JM, AP, HS, ALS, SDT, MV, MM, NC; writing\u2014original draft preparation, CC and CD; writing\u2014review and editing, CC, CD, AC, JB, BD, VG, AL, AL, SL, JM, AP, HS, ALS, SDT, MV, MM, NC; supervision, CC, NC and BD; project administration, CC and NC; funding acquisition, CC. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. All authors certify that they meet the ICMJE criteria for authorship.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication (from patients\/participants)","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The source code is available upon request.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}