{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T13:33:50Z","timestamp":1776173630042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BioDrugs"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T06:05:22Z","timestamp":1763359522000},"page":"151-162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Xeligekimab, an Interleukin-17A Antagonist for Active Radiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis in Chinese Patients: 16- and 48-Week Results from a Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct05881785","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Shangzhu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shengyun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fenghong","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baijie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingyun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jieruo","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianwang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyun","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Long","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hongsheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenqiang","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhanyun","family":"Da","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiankang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingchun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ju","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lie","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingli","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3883-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"750_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221035","volume":"80","author":"V Navarro-Comp\u00e1n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Navarro-Comp\u00e1n V, Sepriano A, El-Zorkany B, van der Heijde D. Axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80:1511\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2021-221035.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.06.006","volume":"22","author":"A El Maghraoui","year":"2011","unstructured":"El Maghraoui A. Extra-articular manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis: prevalence, characteristics and therapeutic implications. Eur J Intern Med. 2011;22:554\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.06.006.","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"750_CR3","first-page":"S136","volume":"30","author":"I Palla","year":"2012","unstructured":"Palla I, Trieste L, Tani C, Talarico R, Cortesi PA, Mosca M, et al. A systematic literature review of the economic impact of ankylosing spondylitis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012;30:S136-141.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"750_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00393-009-0572-x","volume":"69","author":"J Hermann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hermann J. Spondyloarthritis und Lebensqualit\u00e4t. Z Rheumatol. 2010;69:213\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00393-009-0572-x.","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"750_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.3111\/13696998.2012.692341","volume":"15","author":"X Gao","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gao X, Wendling D, Botteman MF, Carter JA, Rao S, Cifaldi M. Clinical and economic burden of extra-articular manifestations in ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. J Med Econ. 2012;15:1054\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3111\/13696998.2012.692341.","journal-title":"J Med Econ"},{"key":"750_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.2014.957679","volume":"14","author":"K Kotsis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kotsis K, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA, Carvalho AF, Hyphantis T. Health-related quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a comprehensive review. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2014;14:857\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1586\/14737167.2014.957679.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"750_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-007-0315-8","volume":"27","author":"Y Turan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Turan Y, Duru\u00f6z MT, Cerrahoglu L. Quality of life in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a pilot study. Rheumatol Int. 2007;27:895\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00296-007-0315-8.","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"750_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223296","volume":"82","author":"S Ramiro","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramiro S, Nikiphorou E, Sepriano A, Ortolan A, Webers C, Baraliakos X, et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82:19\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard-2022-223296.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"iv79","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa435","volume":"59","author":"GE Fragoulis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fragoulis GE, Siebert S. Treatment strategies in axial spondyloarthritis: what, when and how? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59:iv79-89. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa435.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"750_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202533","volume":"73","author":"F Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang F, Gu J, Zhu P, Bao C, Xu J, Xu H, et al. Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in Chinese adults with active ankylosing spondylitis: results of a randomised, controlled trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:587\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-202533.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2403935","volume":"2018","author":"I-T Chyuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chyuan I-T, Chen J-Y. Role of interleukin- (IL-) 17 in the pathogenesis and targeted therapies in spondyloarthropathies. Mediators Inflamm. 2018;2018:2403935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/2403935.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"750_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljae062","volume":"191","author":"L Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai L, Jiang C, Zhang G, Fang H, Wang J, Li Y, et al. A multicentre randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase III study of the efficacy and safety of xeligekimab (GR1501) in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2024;191:336\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjd\/ljae062.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"750_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2011.01.001","volume":"411","author":"T Rispens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rispens T, van Leeuwen A, Vennegoor A, Killestein J, Aalberse RC, Wolbink GJ, et al. Measurement of serum levels of natalizumab, an immunoglobulin G4 therapeutic monoclonal antibody. Anal Biochem. 2011;411:271\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ab.2011.01.001.","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"750_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.108233","volume":"68","author":"M Rudwaleit","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudwaleit M, van der Heijde D, Landew\u00e9 R, Listing J, Akkoc N, Brandt J, et al. The development of assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis (part II): validation and final selection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:777\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2009.108233.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270401","volume":"27","author":"S van der Linden","year":"1984","unstructured":"van der Linden S, Valkenburg HA, Cats A. Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. Arthritis Rheum. 1984;27:361\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.1780270401.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"750_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ii1","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.104018","volume":"68","author":"J Sieper","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Baraliakos X, Brandt J, Braun J, Burgos-Vargas R, et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) handbook: a guide to assess spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68:ii1-44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.2008.104018.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.2.127","volume":"62","author":"L Heuft-Dorenbosch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Heuft-Dorenbosch L, Spoorenberg A, van Tubergen A, Landew\u00e9 R, van ver Tempel H, Mielants H, et al. Assessment of enthesitis in ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:127\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.62.2.127.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep457","volume":"49","author":"MC Reilly","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reilly MC, Gooch KL, Wong RL, Kupper H, van der Heijde D. Validity, reliability and responsiveness of the work productivity and activity impairment questionnaire in ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2010;49:812\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep457.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"750_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.62.1.20","volume":"62","author":"LC Doward","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doward LC, Spoorenberg A, Cook SA, Whalley D, Helliwell PS, Kay LJ, et al. Development of the ASQoL: a quality of life instrument specific to ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:20\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.62.1.20.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1186\/s41687-022-00508-0","volume":"6","author":"D Cella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cella D, Lenderking WR, Chongpinitchai P, Bushmakin AG, Dina O, Wang L, et al. Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-fatigue is a reliable and valid measure in patients with active ankylosing spondylosing spondylitis. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2022;6:100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s41687-022-00508-0.","journal-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes"},{"key":"750_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704","volume":"168","author":"K Posner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Posner K, Brown GK, Stanley B, Brent DA, Yershova KV, Oquendo MA, et al. The Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2011;168:1266\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.10111704.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"750_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001099","volume":"133","author":"F Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang F, Sun F, Wan W-G, Wu L-J, Dong L-L, Zhang X, et al. Secukinumab provided significant and sustained improvement in the signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis: results from the 52-week, phase III China-centric study, MEASURE 5. Chin Med J. 2020;133:2521\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001099.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"key":"750_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s40259-023-00625-2","volume":"38","author":"Y Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue Y, Hu J, Liu D, Li J, Wu H, Tan C, et al. Ixekizumab for active radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in Chinese patients: 16- and 52-week results from a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BioDrugs. 2024;38:145\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40259-023-00625-2.","journal-title":"BioDrugs"},{"key":"750_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.561748","volume":"11","author":"J-C Tseng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tseng J-C, Wei JC-C, Deodhar A, Martin R, Porter B, McCreddin S, et al. Secukinumab demonstrates sustained efficacy and safety in a Taiwanese subpopulation with active ankylosing spondylitis: four-year results from a phase 3 study, MEASURE 1. Front Immunol. 2020;11:561748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2020.561748.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"750_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13094","author":"JC-C Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei JC-C, Baeten D, Sieper J, Deodhar A, Bhosekar V, Martin R, et al. Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Asian patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: 52-week pooled results from two phase 3 studies. Int J Rheum Dis. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13094.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"750_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31946-9","volume":"392","author":"D Van Der Heijde","year":"2018","unstructured":"Van Der Heijde D, Cheng-Chung Wei J, Dougados M, Mease P, Deodhar A, Maksymowych WP, et al. Ixekizumab, an interleukin-17A antagonist in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis or radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in patients previously untreated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (COAST-V): 16 week results of a phase 3 randomised, double-blind, active-controlled and placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;392:2441\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31946-9.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"750_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32971-X","volume":"395","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deodhar A, van der Heijde D, Gensler LS, Kim T-H, Maksymowych WP, \u00d8stergaard M, et al. Ixekizumab for patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (COAST-X): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395:53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32971-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"750_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1002\/art.40753","volume":"71","author":"A Deodhar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deodhar A, Poddubnyy D, Pacheco-Tena C, Salvarani C, Lespessailles E, Rahman P, et al. Efficacy and safety of ixekizumab in the treatment of radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: sixteen-week results from a phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with prior inadequate response to or intolerance of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2019;71:599\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.40753.","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"750_CR29","first-page":"237","volume":"38","author":"ZW Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang ZW, Liu J, Li JJ, Wu NQ, Lu GP, Chen ZY, et al. Chinese guideline for the management of blood lipids (2023). Chin Circul J. 2023;38:237\u201371.","journal-title":"Chin Circul J."}],"container-title":["BioDrugs"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T07:13:16Z","timestamp":1768029196000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40259-025-00750-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1173-8804","1179-190X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1173-8804","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-190X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 October 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 November 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Wei Wang was an employee of Chongqing Genrix Biopharmaceutical at the time of the study. The other authors have declared no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are not openly available for reasons of sensitivity, but are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"The study protocol and its amendments were reviewed and approved by the independent ethics committee or Institutional Review Board (IRB) at each center. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and the Council of International Organizations of Medical Sciences International Ethical Guidelines.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all enrolled patients.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"All listed authors fulfill the ICMJE authorship criteria, have approved the final version for publication, and accept responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole. All authors contributed to the study design, data analysis, and interpretation. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Shangzhu Zhang, and all authors commented on previous versions. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}