{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T21:11:43Z","timestamp":1790543503994,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Drug Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]],"date-time":"2020-05-28T18:03:32Z","timestamp":1590689012000},"page":"591-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["An Updated Systematic Review of the Therapeutic Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Saibal","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2599-7532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subhrojyoti","family":"Bhowmick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayali","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sukanta","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"927_CR1","unstructured":"Countries where Coronavirus has spread\u2014Worldometer. https:\/\/www.worldometers.info\/coronavirus\/countries-where-coronavirus-has-spread\/. Accessed 10 May 2020"},{"key":"927_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1292","author":"KK Sahu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sahu KK, Mishra AK, Lal A. COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis Arch Monaldi Mal Torace. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4081\/monaldi.2020.1292.","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis Arch Monaldi Mal Torace"},{"key":"927_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938","author":"CA Devaux","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devaux CA, Rolain J-M, Colson P, Raoult D. New insights on the antiviral effects of chloroquine against coronavirus: what to expect for COVID-19? Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105938.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"3","key":"927_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.12.FOCUS14748","volume":"38","author":"EB Golden","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golden EB, Cho H-Y, Hofman FM, Louie SG, Sch\u00f6nthal AH, Chen TC. Quinoline-based antimalarial drugs: a novel class of autophagy inhibitors. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38(3):E12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2014.12.FOCUS14748.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"11","key":"927_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00806-5","volume":"3","author":"A Savarino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Savarino A, Boelaert JR, Cassone A, Majori G, Cauda R. Effects of chloroquine on viral infections: an old drug against today\u2019s diseases? Lancet Infect Dis. 2003;3(11):722\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(03)00806-5.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105960","author":"J Fantini","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fantini J, Di Scala C, Chahinian H, Yahi N. Structural and molecular modelling studies reveal a new mechanism of action of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105960.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"927_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Comparison of random and site directed mutation effects on the efficacy between lead SARS-CoV2 anti-protease drugs. Indinavir and Hydroxychloroquine. 2020; https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-22082\/v1","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-22082\/v1"},{"key":"927_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","author":"X Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao X, Ye F, Zhang M, et al. In Vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"927_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0","volume":"6","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Cao R, Xu M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro. Cell Discov. 2020;6(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41421-020-0156-0.","journal-title":"Cell Discov"},{"key":"927_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104228","author":"J Andreani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andreani J, Le Bideau M, Duflot I, et al. In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect. Microb Pathog. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104228.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"927_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e208857","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857","volume":"3","author":"MGS Borba","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, et al. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e208857\u2013e208857208857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"927_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa130","author":"KA Pastick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pastick KA, Okafor EC, Wang F, et al. Review: hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa130.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"m1432","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1432","volume":"369","author":"RE Ferner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferner RE, Aronson JK. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in covid-19. BMJ. 2020;369:m1432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.m1432.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"927_CR14","unstructured":"Coronavirus: we are now receiving patients suffering from chloroquine poisoning, says Lagos govt, NCDC cautions Nigerians. https:\/\/tribuneonlineng.com\/coronavirus-we-are-now-receiving-patients-suffering-from-chloroquine-poisoning-says-lagos-govt-ncdc-cautions-nigerians\/. Accessed 15 Apr 2020"},{"key":"927_CR15","unstructured":"Man fatally poisons himself while self-medicating for coronavirus, doctor says\u2014the New York times. https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/03\/24\/us\/chloroquine-poisoning-coronavirus.html. Accessed 15 Apr 2020"},{"key":"927_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1096","author":"RM Inciardi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Inciardi RM, Lupi L, Zaccone G, et al. Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1096.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"927_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Altman DG, G\u00f8tzsche PC, et al. The cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.d5928.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"927_CR18","unstructured":"Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp. Accessed 8 May 2020"},{"key":"927_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101663","author":"P Gautret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, et al. Clinical and microbiological effect of a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in 80 COVID-19 patients with at least a six-day follow up: a pilot observational study. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101663.","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.16.20037135","author":"P Gautret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautret P, Lagier JC, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: preliminary results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. MedRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.16.20037135.","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3785\/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03","author":"LD Chen Jun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Jun LD, Chen Jun LD. A pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with common coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). J Zhejiang Univ Med Sci. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3785\/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.03.03.","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"927_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.03.006","author":"JM Molina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Molina JM, Delaugerre C, Le Goff J, et al. No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection. M\u00e9decine Mal Infect. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medmal.2020.03.006.","journal-title":"M\u00e9decine Mal Infect"},{"key":"927_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410","author":"J Geleris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Geleris J, Sun Y, Platt J, et al. Observational study of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2012410.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"927_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1834","author":"NJ Mercuro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mercuro NJ, Yen CF, Shim DJ, et al. Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1834.","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"927_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101738","author":"M Million","year":"2020","unstructured":"Million M, Lagier J-C, Gautret P, et al. Full-length title: early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: a retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille. France Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmaid.2020.101738.","journal-title":"France Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.22.20040758","author":"Z Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen Z, Hu J, Zhang Z, et al. Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.03.22.20040758.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.10.20060699","author":"M Mahevas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mahevas M, Tran V-T, Roumier M, et al. No evidence of clinical efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection with oxygen requirement: results of a study using routinely collected data to emulate a target trial. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.10.20060699.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.16.20065920","author":"J Magagnoli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Magagnoli J, Narendran S, Pereira F, et al. Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.16.20065920.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.10.20060558","author":"W Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang W, Cao Z, Han M, et al. Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: an open-label, randomized, controlled trial. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.10.20060558.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.04.22.20075671","author":"A Ramireddy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramireddy A, Chugh HS, Reinier K, et al. Experience with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for QT interval monitoring. medRxiv. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/2020.04.22.20075671.","journal-title":"medRxiv"},{"key":"927_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949","author":"P Gautret","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gautret P, Lagier J-C, Parola P, et al. Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as a treatment of COVID-19: results of an open-label non-randomized clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.105949.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"9","key":"927_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2845","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0601856","volume":"49","author":"C Biot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Biot C, Daher W, Chavain N, et al. Design and synthesis of hydroxyferroquine derivatives with antimalarial and antiviral activities. J Med Chem. 2006;49(9):2845\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm0601856.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"927_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15771","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15467-6","volume":"7","author":"SA Shiryaev","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shiryaev SA, Mesci P, Pinto A, et al. Repurposing of the anti-malaria drug chloroquine for Zika Virus treatment and prophylaxis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):15771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15467-6.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"927_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000309","volume":"96","author":"SD Dowall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dowall SD, Bosworth A, Watson R, et al. Chloroquine inhibited Ebola virus replication in vitro but failed to protect against infection and disease in the in vivo guinea pig model. J Gen Virol. 2015;96(12):3484\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1099\/jgv.0.000309.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"927_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.150176","volume":"21","author":"D Falzarano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Falzarano D, Safronetz D, Prescott J, Marzi A, Feldmann F, Feldmann H. Lack of protection against ebola virus from chloroquine in mice and hamsters. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21(6):1065\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3201\/eid2106.150176.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v10050268","author":"P Roques","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roques P, Thiberville S-D, Dupuis-Maguiraga L, et al. Paradoxical effect of chloroquine treatment in enhancing Chikungunya virus infection. Viruses. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/v10050268.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"3","key":"927_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.2014.0038","volume":"35","author":"L-F Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang L-F, Lin Y-S, Huang N-C, et al. Hydroxychloroquine-inhibited dengue virus is associated with host defense machinery. J Interferon Cytokine Res Off J Int Soc Interferon Cytokine Res. 2015;35(3):143\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/jir.2014.0038.","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res Off J Int Soc Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"927_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1590\/s0074-02762013000500010","volume":"108","author":"MC Borges","year":"2013","unstructured":"Borges MC, Castro LA, de Fonseca BAL. Chloroquine use improves dengue-related symptoms. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2013;108(5):596\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0074-02762013000500010.","journal-title":"Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz"},{"issue":"9","key":"927_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70065-2","volume":"11","author":"NI Paton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paton NI, Lee L, Xu Y, et al. Chloroquine for influenza prevention: a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11(9):677\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70065-2.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"927_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01532.x","volume":"15","author":"LL Gustafsson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gustafsson LL, Walker O, Alv\u00e1n G, et al. Disposition of chloroquine in man after single intravenous and oral doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1983;15(4):471\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01532.x.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"927_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa321","author":"M Guastalegname","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guastalegname M, Vallone A. Could chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine be harmful in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment? Clin Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cid\/ciaa321.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1874","author":"M Al-Kofahi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Al-Kofahi M, Jacobson P, Boulware DR, et al. Finding the dose for hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19; the desperate search for effectiveness. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.1874.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"927_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1546-0096-7-9","volume":"7","author":"K Sperber","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sperber K, Hom C, Chao CP, Shapiro D, Ash J. Systematic review of hydroxychloroquine use in pregnant patients with autoimmune diseases. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J. 2009;7:9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1546-0096-7-9.","journal-title":"Pediatr Rheumatol Online J"},{"key":"927_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.04.003","author":"JL Sapp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sapp JL, Alqarawi W, MacIntyre CJ, et al. Guidance on minimizing risk of drug-induced ventricular arrhythmia during treatment of COVID-19: a statement from the Canadian Heart Rhythm society. Can J Cardiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.04.003.","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"key":"927_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0376","author":"R Asli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asli R, Abdullah MS, Chong PL, et al. Case report: right bundle brunch block and QTc prolongation in a patient with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) treated with hydroxychloroquine. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0376.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"927_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.032","author":"D Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang D, Saleh M, Gabriels J, et al. Inpatient use Of Ambulatory Telemetry Monitors for COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and\/or azithromycin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.04.032.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"927_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011","volume":"14","author":"AK Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh AK, Singh A, Shaikh A, Singh R, Misra A. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: a systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020;14(3):241\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.03.011.","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"927_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101069","author":"K Gbinigie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gbinigie K, Frie K. Should chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review. BJGP Open. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgpopen20X101069.","journal-title":"BJGP Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"927_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa105","volume":"7","author":"EK McCreary","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCreary EK, Pogue JM. Coronavirus disease 2019 treatment: a review of early and emerging options. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(4):105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa105.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"927_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMe2015903","author":"EJ Rubin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rubin EJ, Harrington DP, Hogan JW, Gatsonis C, Baden LR, Hamel MB. The urgency of care during the Covid-19 pandemic\u2014learning as we go. N Engl J Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMe2015903.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"927_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30172-7","author":"FS Taccone","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taccone FS, Gorham J, Vincent J-L. Hydroxychloroquine in the management of critically ill patients with COVID-19: the need for an evidence base. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30172-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"927_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.6019","author":"JM Sanders","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanders JM, Monogue ML, Jodlowski TZ, Cutrell JB. Pharmacologic treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.6019.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"927_CR53","unstructured":"AdvisoryontheuseofHydroxychloroquinasprophylaxisforSARSCoV2infection.pdf"},{"key":"927_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13842","author":"S Shah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shah S, Das S, Jain A, Misra DP, Negi VS. A systematic review of the prophylactic role of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19). Int J Rheum Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1756-185X.13842.","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"927_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30313-3","author":"S Rathi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rathi S, Ish P, Kalantri A, Kalantri S. Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19 contacts in India. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30313-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"927_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.20529\/IJME.2020.040","volume":"5","author":"M D\u2019Cruz","year":"2020","unstructured":"D\u2019Cruz M. The ICMR bulletin on targeted hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for Covid-19: need to interpret with caution. Indian J Med Ethics. 2020;5(2):100\u20132.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Ethics"},{"key":"927_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9","author":"B La Scola","year":"2020","unstructured":"La Scola B, Le Bideau M, Andreani J, et al. Viral RNA load as determined by cell culture as a management tool for discharge of SARS-CoV-2 patients from infectious disease wards. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10096-020-03913-9.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"927_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-1223","author":"AHJ Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim AHJ, Sparks JA, Liew JW, et al. A rush to judgment? Rapid reporting and dissemination of results and its consequences regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M20-1223.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"927_CR59","unstructured":"Search of: Hydroxychloroquine | COVID 19 - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/results?cond=COVID+19&term=Hydroxychloroquine&cntry=&state=&city=&dist=. Accessed 5 May 2020"},{"key":"927_CR60","unstructured":"WHO | Welcome to the WHO ICTRP. In: WHO. https:\/\/www.who.int\/ictrp\/en\/. Accessed 5 May 2020"},{"key":"927_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-020-00891-1","author":"C Smit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Smit C, Peeters MYM, van den Anker JN, Knibbe CAJ. Chloroquine for SARS-CoV-2: implications of its unique pharmacokinetic and safety properties. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-020-00891-1.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"}],"container-title":["Clinical Drug Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T00:14:06Z","timestamp":1622160846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]}},"alternative-id":["927"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-020-00927-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1173-2563","1179-1918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1173-2563","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 May 2020","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}