{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:06:51Z","timestamp":1791410811145,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Drug Investig"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]],"date-time":"2025-01-11T12:42:50Z","timestamp":1736599370000},"page":"69-84","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluating the Real-World Safety of Icosapent Ethyl Versus Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid in Nationwide US Veterans Cohort: Examining Atrial Fibrillation and Bleeding Endpoints"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7257-3463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanvi","family":"Patil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gregory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Savona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabil","family":"Jarmukli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","volume":"139","author":"EJ Benjamin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, et al. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2019;139(10):e56\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"14","key":"1417_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.0158","volume":"319","author":"AH Mokdad","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mokdad AH, Ballestros K, Echko M, Glenn S, et al. The State of US health, 1990\u20132016: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors among US states. JAMA. 2018;319(14):1444\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.0158.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10159","key":"1417_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7","volume":"392","author":"GA Roth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, et al. Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980\u20132017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159):1736\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32203-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9493","key":"1417_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1","volume":"366","author":"C Baigent","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, Blackwell L, et al. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists\u2019 (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomized trials of statins. Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1267\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67394-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9753","key":"1417_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5","volume":"376","author":"C Baigent","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J, Holland LE, Reith C, Bhala N, Peto R, Barnes EH, Keech A, Simes J, Collins R. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet. 2010;376(9753):1670\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61350-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"1417_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.008740","volume":"7","author":"PP Toth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toth PP, Granowitz C, Hull M, Liassou D, Anderson A, Philip S. High triglycerides are associated with increased cardiovascular events, medical costs, and resource use: a real-world administrative claims analysis of statin-treated patients with high residual cardiovascular risk. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(15): e008740. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.118.008740.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026","volume":"61","author":"A Varbo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Varbo A, Benn M, Tybj\u00e6rg-Hansen A, J\u00f8rgensen AB, Frikke-Schmidt R, Nordestgaard BG. Remnant cholesterol as a causal risk factor for ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;61(4):427\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.08.1026.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"21","key":"1417_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948562","volume":"122","author":"B Rauch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rauch B, Schiele R, Schneider S, Diller F, Victor N, Gohlke H, Gottwik M, Steinbeck G, Del Castillo U, Sack R, Worth H, Katus H, Spitzer W, Sabin G, Senges J, OMEGA Study Group. OMEGA, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to test the effect of highly purified omega-3 fatty acids on top of modern guideline-adjusted therapy after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2010;122(21):2152\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.948562.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"21","key":"1417_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2015","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1003603","volume":"363","author":"D Kromhout","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kromhout D, Giltay EJ, Geleijnse JM, Alpha Omega Trial Group. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular events after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(21):2015\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1003603.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203859","volume":"367","author":"J Bosch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bosch J, Gerstein HC, Dagenais GR, D\u00edaz R, Dyal L, et al. n-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with dysglycemia. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(4):309\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1203859.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"16","key":"1417_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1804989","volume":"379","author":"L Bowman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, Stevens W, et al. Effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements in diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1540\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1804989.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811403","volume":"380","author":"JE Manson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manson JE, Cook NR, Lee IM, Christen W, et al. VITAL Research Group. Marine n-3 fatty acids and prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1811403.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1417_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.22258","volume":"324","author":"SJ Nicholls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nicholls SJ, Lincoff AM, Garcia M, Bash D, et al. Effect of high-dose omega-3 fatty acids vs corn oil on major adverse cardiovascular events in patients at high cardiovascular risk: the STRENGTH randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020;324(22):2268\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2020.22258.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812792","volume":"380","author":"DL Bhatt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bhatt DL, Steg PG, Miller M, Brinton EA, et al. REDUCE-IT Investigators. Cardiovascular risk reduction with icosapent ethyl for hypertriglyceridemia. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(1):11\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1812792.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR15","first-page":"703","volume":"5","author":"S Assari","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assari S. Veterans and risk of heart disease in the United States: a cohort with 20 years of follow up. Int J Prev Med. 2014;5(6):703\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"issue":"7624","key":"1417_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","volume":"335","author":"E von Elm","year":"2007","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, et al. STROBE Initiative. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. BMJ. 2007;335(7624):806\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR17","first-page":"188","volume":"12","author":"WP Glasheen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Glasheen WP, Cordier T, Gumpina R, Haugh G, Davis J, Renda A. Charlson Comorbidity Index: ICD-9 update and ICD-10 translation. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2019;12(4):188\u201397.","journal-title":"Am Health Drug Benefits."},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000729","volume":"55","author":"JB Segal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Segal JB, Chang H-Y, Du Y, Walston JD, Carlson MC, Varadhan R. Development of a claims-based frailty indicator anchored to a well-established frailty phenotype. Med Care. 2017;55(7):716\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000729.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glab071","volume":"76","author":"D Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng D, DuMontier C, Yildirim C, Charest B, Hawley CE, et al. Updating and validating the US Veterans Affairs frailty index: transitioning from ICD-9 to ICD-10. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2021;76(7):1318\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/gerona\/glab071.","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3674","volume":"23","author":"DH Kim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kim DH, Schneeweiss S. Measuring frailty using claims data for pharmacoepidemiologic studies of mortality in older adults: evidence and recommendations. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2014;23(9):891\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.3674.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.023237","volume":"11","author":"AM Chamberlain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chamberlain AM, Roger VL, Noseworthy PA, Chen LY, Weston SA, Jiang R, Alonso A. Identification of incident atrial fibrillation from electronic medical records. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(7): e023237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.121.023237.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1417_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2109","volume":"20","author":"A Cunningham","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cunningham A, Stein CM, Chung CP, Daugherty JR, Smalley WE, Ray WA. An automated database case definition for serious bleeding related to oral anticoagulant use. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2011;20(6):560\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.2109.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"1417_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2307\/2531021","volume":"39","author":"DA Schoenfeld","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schoenfeld DA. Sample-size formula for the proportional-hazards regression model. Biometrics. 1983;39:499\u2013503.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00671.x","volume":"13","author":"S Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu S, Ross C, Raebel MA, Shetterly S, Blanchette C, Smith D. Use of stabilized inverse propensity scores as weights to directly estimate relative risk and its confidence intervals. Value Health. 2010;13(2):273\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00671.x.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"25","key":"1417_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1981","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055654","volume":"144","author":"B Gencer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gencer B, Djousse L, Al-Ramady OT, Cook NR, Manson JE, Albert CM. Effect of long-term marine \u0277-3 fatty acids supplementation on the risk of atrial fibrillation in randomized controlled trials of cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation. 2021;144(25):1981\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055654.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"11","key":"1417_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.2909","volume":"325","author":"G Curfman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Curfman G. Omega-3 fatty acids and atrial fibrillation. JAMA. 2021;325(11):1063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2021.2909.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-021-07204-z","volume":"35","author":"X Jia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jia X, Gao F, Pickett JK, Al Rifai M, Birnbaum Y, Nambi V, Virani SS, Ballantyne CM. Association between omega-3 fatty acid treatment and atrial fibrillation in cardiovascular outcome trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2021;35(4):793\u2013800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10557-021-07204-z.","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Drugs Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.2337\/cd22-as01","volume":"40","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2022","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes\u20142022. Abridged for primary care providers. Clin Diabetes. 2022;40(1):10\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/cd22-as01.","journal-title":"Clin Diabetes"},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.011","volume":"78","author":"SS Virani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Virani SS, Morris PB, Agarwala A, Ballantyne CM, et al. 2021 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the management of ASCVD risk reduction in patients with persistent hypertriglyceridemia: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(9):960\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.011.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"1417_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058596","volume":"145","author":"D Fatkin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fatkin D, Cox CD, Martinac B. Fishing for links between omega-3 fatty acids and atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2022;145(14):1037\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.058596.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1417_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ehab724.2568","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.2568","volume":"42","author":"E Benjamin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benjamin E, Bhatt DL, Miller M, Steg PG, et al. REDUCE-IT Investigators, Cardiovascular benefits outweigh risks in patients with atrial fibrillation in REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial). Eur Heart J. 2021;42(Suppl 1):ehab724.2568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab724.2568.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"1417_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032390","volume":"13","author":"M Javaid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Javaid M, Kadhim K, Bawamia B, Cartlidge T, Farag M, Alkhalil M. Bleeding risk in patients receiving omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13(10): e032390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/JAHA.123.032390.","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1417_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvab008","volume":"7","author":"M Lombardi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lombardi M, Carbone S, Del Buono MG, et al. Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother. 2021;7(4):e69\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ehjcvp\/pvab008.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"1417_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000451","volume":"3","author":"G Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen G, Qian ZM, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Vaughn MG, Aaron HE, Wang C, Lip GY, Lin H. Regular use of fish oil supplements and course of cardiovascular diseases: prospective cohort study. BMJ Med. 2024;3(1): e000451. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjmed-2022-000451.","journal-title":"BMJ Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"1417_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3968","volume":"176","author":"WS Harris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harris WS. Fish oils and bleeding-where is the evidence? JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(9):1405\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2016.3968.","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"1417_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.28733","volume":"308","author":"D Mozaffarian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mozaffarian D, Marchioli R, Macchia A, Silletta MG, et al. OPERA Investigators Fish oil and postoperative atrial fibrillation: the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) randomized trial. JAMA. 2012;308(19):2001\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.28733.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"7","key":"1417_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-014-0194-1","volume":"34","author":"RA Braeckman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braeckman RA, Stirtan WG, Soni PN. Phase 1 study of the effect of icosapent ethyl on warfarin pharmacokinetic and anticoagulation parameters. Clin Drug Investig. 2014;34(7):449\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-014-0194-1.","journal-title":"Clin Drug Investig"},{"key":"1417_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.05.002","volume":"158","author":"D Jakob","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jakob D, Klesen A, Allegrini B, Darkow E, et al. Piezo1 and BKCa channels in human atrial fibroblasts: interplay and remodelling in atrial fibrillation. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2021;158:49\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2021.05.002.","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1417_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.06","volume":"118","author":"ET Guardino","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guardino ET, Li Y, Nguyen XM, Wilson PWF, Gaziano JM, Cho K, Benjamin EJ, Djouss\u00e9 L. Dietary \u03c9-3 fatty acids and the incidence of atrial fibrillation in the Million Veteran Program. Am J Clin Nutr. 2023;118(2):406\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.06.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"}],"container-title":["Clinical Drug Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T02:10:57Z","timestamp":1738894257000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1417"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-024-01417-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1173-2563","1179-1918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1173-2563","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 December 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 January 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study did not receive any special grant or funding from agencies in public, commercial, or not-for profit sectors. Dr. Leonard\u2019s work was partly supported by grant funding from the National Institutes of Health (5-R01-AG060975 and 2-R01-AG060975).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"Dr. Leonard recently received honoraria from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Foundation, the Scientific and Data Coordinating Center for the US NIDDK-funded Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study, and the Consortium for Medical Marijuana Clinical Outcomes Research. Dr. Leonard is a special government employee of the US Food and Drug Administration and has consulted for their Reagan-Udall Foundation. Dr. Leonard consults for Novo Nordisk and TriNetX. Dr. Leonard\u2019s spouse is an employee of Merck; neither Dr. Leonard nor his spouse owns stock in the company. The results of this study do not represent the views of the US federal government or the VHA. None of the other authors have any relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Aggregated data have been provided with this study. No additional patient-specific data will be disclosed, in accordance with the VHA patient privacy policy.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"The primary and senior authors made substantial contributions to the conception and design of the research project and to the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data. The primary and senior authors contributed toward the drafting of the initial manuscript, and all authors offered comments to the previous versions for important intellectual content. The final draft of the manuscript was written by Tanvi Patil (primary author). All authors have agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work to ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}},{"value":"This was an observational study and did not require ethical approval as per the Salem VA Ethics Committee. This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and exempted by the institutional review board committee and privacy officer of Salem Veterans Affair Health Care System (SVAHCS) and did not require informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}