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All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the content of this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"No datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of data and material"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}},{"value":"E.K.: conceived the review, led the literature search and analysis, drafted the initial manuscript, coordinated all revisions, and finalized the submission. I.A. and M.L.: provided critical expertise on narcolepsy and hypersomnia, contributed to clinical sections, and revised the manuscript. J.C.B. and C.P.: designed and interpreted preclinical studies on reward and orexin systems, contributed to mechanistic sections. B.C.C. and M.T.: contributed sleep medicine expertise, reviewed narcolepsy trial data, and revised clinical outcomes. B.F.: synthesized chemical analogs, and contributed to formulation and synthesis sections. C.A.K.: provided expertise on sleep neurophysiology and orexin pathways. J.H.N., S.W., and T.W.: contributed ADHD trial data and interpretation, and revised ADHD sections. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for its integrity.","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author contributions"}}]}}