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Leonard receives grant funding from the US National Institutes of Health, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; funds from grants are received by his institution. Charles E. Leonard has recently received honoraria from the US National Institutes of Health Center for Scientific Review, la Caixa Foundation, and the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Foundation. Charles E. Leonard consults\/has recently consulted for Moderna (via TriNetX), Novo Nordisk, Biohaven, SciPinion, and Shine Lawyers. Charles E. Leonard\u2019s spouse is employed by Johnson & Johnson; neither Charles E. Leonard nor his spouse owns stock in Johnson & Johnson. Sascha Dublin has received research funding (via her institution) from Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, and Syneos Health. Fengge Wang, Lin-Chieh Meng, Kacie Bogar, Colleen M. Brensinger, Warren B. Bilker, Todd E.H. Hecht, John R. Horn, Daniela C. Moga, Michael E. Thase, and Brian L. VanderBeek have no conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest\/competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was reviewed and approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (protocol number 854130). Waivers of informed consent and of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization were granted given the study\u2019s minimal risk. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Waivers of informed consent and of Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act authorization were granted by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Review Board (protocol number 854130) given the study\u2019s minimal risk.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for Publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The investigators were provided with study data access by the US Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Because of privacy regulations and data protection policies, the investigators are not permitted to share these data. Interested parties should contact the Research Data Assistance Center at the University of Minnesota, a CMS contractor, for additional information.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of Data and Material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The analytic code may be made available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request and subject to applicable data use restrictions.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code Availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"CEL, LM, and FW contributed to the study conception and design. CMB performed the data analysis. FW drafted the initial manuscript. All authors contributed to interpretation of the findings and critically revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 Contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}