{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:52:59Z","timestamp":1791247979435,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P23712"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P23712"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23KF0126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23KF0126"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Drug Investig"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T08:05:58Z","timestamp":1791187558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cognitive Outcomes After Reperfusion Therapy for Acute Ischaemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and the PRECISE-ACTION Framework for Transdisciplinary Cognitive Management"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Samprithi","family":"Raja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1295-1271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Weissert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0635-016X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeljka","family":"Calic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pravin","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jasvinder","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Mederer","family":"Hengstl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9567-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivica","family":"Smokovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5427-2018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Golubnitschaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6023-236X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0601-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Spring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6125-1183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murray C.","family":"Killingsworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4428-9980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Man Mohan","family":"Mehndiratta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7907-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh N.","family":"Kalaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7102-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masafumi","family":"Ihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9783-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonu M. M.","family":"Bhaskar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-023-01437-2","volume":"44","author":"GW Goodman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Goodman GW, Do TH, Tan C, Ritzel RM. Drivers of chronic pathology following ischemic stroke: a descriptive review. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 2023;44(1):7.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-017-1007-y","volume":"18","author":"S Bhaskar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bhaskar S, Stanwell P, Cordato D, Attia J, Levi C. Reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke: dawn of a new era? BMC Neurol. 2018;18(1):8.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(24)00038-3","volume":"23","author":"GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators","year":"2024","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Nervous System Disorders Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol. 2024;23(4):344\u201381.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-022-00901-0","volume":"37","author":"M Kaur","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaur M, Sharma S. Molecular mechanisms of cognitive impairment associated with stroke. Metab Brain Dis. 2022;37(2):279\u201387.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215644","volume":"86","author":"YY Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang YY, Chen SD, Leng XY, Kuo K, Wang ZT, Cui M, et al. Post-stroke cognitive impairment: epidemiology, risk factors, and management. J Alzheimers Dis. 2022;86(3):983\u201399.","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1596_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.319951","volume":"130","author":"NS Rost","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rost NS, Brodtmann A, Pase MP, van Veluw SJ, Biffi A, Duering M, et al. Post-stroke cognitive impairment and dementia. Circ Res. 2022;130(8):1252\u201371.","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2017.09.007","volume":"14","author":"OA Skrobot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Skrobot OA, Black SE, Chen C, DeCarli C, Erkinjuntti T, Ford GA, et al. Progress toward standardized diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: guidelines from the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study. Alzheimers Dement. 2018;14(3):280\u201392.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"1596_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2016.10.007","volume":"13","author":"OA Skrobot","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skrobot OA, O\u2019Brien J, Black S, Chen C, DeCarli C, Erkinjuntti T, et al. The vascular impairment of cognition classification consensus study. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;13(6):624\u201333.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"6","key":"1596_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e272","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000430","volume":"54","author":"N El Husseini","year":"2023","unstructured":"El Husseini N, Katzan IL, Rost NS, Blake ML, Byun E, Pendlebury ST, et al. Cognitive impairment after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(6):e272\u201391.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1596_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2025.101428","volume":"56","author":"J Filler","year":"2025","unstructured":"Filler J, Georgakis MK, Janowitz D, Duering M, Fang R, Dewenter A, et al. Risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment within 5 years after stroke: a prospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Europe. 2025;56:101428.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Europe."},{"key":"1596_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/esj\/aakag009","author":"DA de Sousa","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Sousa DA, Katsanos AH, Li L, Martinez-Majander N, McCabe J, Palaiodimou L, et al. ESO annual stroke evidence update 2025. Eur Stroke J. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/esj\/aakag009.","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"11","key":"1596_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70236-4","volume":"8","author":"ST Pendlebury","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pendlebury ST, Rothwell PM. Prevalence, incidence, and factors associated with pre-stroke and post-stroke dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(11):1006\u201318.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1596_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2257","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008612","volume":"93","author":"JW Lo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lo JW, Crawford JD, Desmond DW, Godefroy O, Jokinen H, Mahinrad S, et al. Profile of and risk factors for poststroke cognitive impairment in diverse ethnoregional groups. Neurology. 2019;93(24):e2257\u201371.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1596_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balcerzak W, Pocz\u0105tek G, Lasek-Bal A, Gorzkowska A. Cognitive outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy in ischemic stroke: a systematic review. 2026;13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2026.1787129"},{"issue":"8","key":"1596_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930231220186","volume":"19","author":"F Bala","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bala F, Betzner W, Beland B, McDonald JS, Ganesh A. Reperfusion therapies for ischemic stroke in dementia and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Stroke. 2024;19(8):867\u201375.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"key":"1596_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2024.1359792","volume":"16","author":"X Guo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Guo X, Phan C, Batarseh S, Wei M, Dye J. Risk factors and predictive markers of post-stroke cognitive decline\u2014a mini review. Front Aging Neurosci. 2024;16:1359792.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14(1):135.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.121.034969","volume":"53","author":"JO Cerasuolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cerasuolo JO, Mandzia J, Cipriano LE, Kapral MK, Fang J, Hachinski V, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis after first-ever ischemic stroke and reduced incident dementia rate. Stroke. 2022;53(4):1170\u20137.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"1596_CR19","first-page":"14005","volume":"13","author":"C Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen C, Zhu Y, Chen Y, Wang Z, Zhao L. Effects of cerebral artery thrombectomy on efficacy, safety, cognitive function and peripheral blood Abeta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Am J Transl Res. 2021;13(12):14005\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"1596_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-020-00079-9","volume":"2","author":"P Ettelt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ettelt P, Maier IL, Schnieder M, B\u00e4hr M, Behme D, Psychogios MN, et al. Bridging therapy is associated with improved cognitive function after large vessel occlusion stroke - an analysis of the German Stroke Registry. Neurol Res Pract. 2020;2:29.","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract."},{"key":"1596_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930241238637","author":"L Gallucci","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gallucci L, Sperber C, Guggisberg AG, Kaller CP, Heldner MR, Monsch AU, et al. Post-stroke cognitive impairment remains highly prevalent and disabling despite state-of-the-art stroke treatment. Int J Stroke. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17474930241238637.","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"12","key":"1596_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3772","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15933","volume":"30","author":"V Guglielmi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guglielmi V, Quaranta D, Masone Iacobucci G, Citro S, Scala I, Genovese D, et al. Basal ganglia ischaemic infarction after thrombectomy: cognitive impairment at acute stage. Eur J Neurol. 2023;30(12):3772\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1596_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/IB23066","author":"S Humphrey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Humphrey S, Pike KE, Long B, Ma H, Bourke R, Byrne D, et al. What does cognitive screening reveal about early cognitive performance following endovascular clot retrieval and intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischaemic stroke? Brain Impair. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/IB23066.","journal-title":"Brain Impair"},{"issue":"10","key":"1596_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209270","volume":"102","author":"RA Joundi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Joundi RA, Smith EE, Mandzia J, Ganesh A, Menon BK, Rempel JL, et al. Effect of endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke on cognitive outcomes: a secondary analysis of the ESCAPE trial. Neurology. 2024;102(10):e209270.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75609-1","volume":"10","author":"S Lattanzi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lattanzi S, Coccia M, Pulcini A, Cagnetti C, Galli FL, Villani L, et al. Endovascular treatment and cognitive outcome after anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18524.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"1596_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2023.07.008","volume":"34","author":"BH Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li BH, Yu NW, Wang JH, Yang S, Yang J, Wang DZ, et al. Direct thrombectomy versus bridging thrombectomy within 6 hours of stroke onset: a prospective cohort study on cognitive and physical function outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2023;34(11):1875-81.e3.","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.38.5.5255","volume":"38","author":"KL Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu KL, He J, Zang YJ. Clinical effect of intravascular interventional therapy in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and its influence on cognitive function, cerebral hemodynamics and inflammatory factors. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(5):1143\u20139.","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003517","volume":"88","author":"E L\u00f3pez-Cancio","year":"2017","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Cancio E, Jovin TG, Cobo E, Cerd\u00e1 N, Jim\u00e9nez M, Gomis M, et al. Endovascular treatment improves cognition after stroke: a secondary analysis of REVASCAT trial. Neurology. 2017;88(3):245\u201351.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0966-x","volume":"253","author":"GM Nys","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nys GM, van Zandvoort MJ, Algra A, Kappelle LJ, de Haan EH. Cognitive and functional outcome after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment in patients with a first symptomatic brain infarct. J Neurol. 2006;253(2):237\u201341.","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.026907","volume":"51","author":"D Strambo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Strambo D, Bartolini B, Beaud V, Marto JP, Sirimarco G, Dunet V, et al. Thrombectomy and thrombolysis of isolated posterior cerebral artery occlusion: cognitive, visual, and disability outcomes. Stroke. 2020;51(1):254\u201361.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/23279095.2020.1829625","volume":"29","author":"M Torrisi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Torrisi M, Bonanno L, Corallo F, Formica C, Giorgianni R, Marra A, et al. The effect of intravenous thrombolytic therapy on post stroke depression and cognitive dysfunction: a 3-months follow up study. Appl Neuropsychol Adult. 2022;29(5):967\u201370.","journal-title":"Appl Neuropsychol Adult"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873231197530","volume":"8","author":"SB Vestergaard","year":"2023","unstructured":"Vestergaard SB, Dahm CC, Gottrup H, Valentin JB, Johnsen SP, Andersen G, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke is associated with lower risk of post-stroke dementia: a nationwide cohort study. Eur Stroke J. 2023;8(4):947\u201355.","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x202010000","volume":"54","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang J, Fang X, Wang D, Xiao Y. Effect of intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase on clinical efficacy, inflammatory factors, and neurological function in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2021;54(5):e10000.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"1596_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1159\/000479735","volume":"78","author":"G Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu G, Dong X, Niu X, Zheng G, Wang H, Zhang F, et al. Cognitive function and prognosis of multimodal neuroimage-guided thrombectomy on mild to moderate anterior circulation infarction patients with broadened therapeutic window: a prospective study. Eur Neurol. 2017;78(5\u20136):257\u201363.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1596_CR35","first-page":"2903","volume":"20","author":"D Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu D, Wang Q, Zhao W, Li C, Xu L, Liu S. Efficacy and safety of vascular intervention combined with intravenous thrombolysis in treatment of acute intracranial arterial occlusion. Exp Ther Med. 2020;20(3):2903\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"1596_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.808415","volume":"14","author":"M Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang M, Wang K, Xie L, Pan X. Short-term Montreal Cognitive Assessment predicts functional outcome after endovascular therapy. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:808415.","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"1596_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617724000535","volume":"30","author":"S Humphrey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Humphrey S, Pike KE, Long B, Ma H, Bourke R, Wright BJ, et al. Neuropsychological outcomes following endovascular clot retrieval and intravenous thrombolysis in ischemic stroke. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2024;30(8):764\u201376.","journal-title":"J Int Neuropsychol Soc"},{"key":"1596_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2025.1513182","volume":"16","author":"K Mei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mei K, Li F, Kang Z, Sun D, Luo X, Tian S, et al. Cognitive impairment after intravenous thrombolysis in mild stroke: assessment of cerebral blood flow covariance network. Front Neurol. 2025;16:1513182.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.045825","volume":"55","author":"JM Ospel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ospel JM, Rinkel L, Ganesh A, Demchuk A, Joshi M, Poppe A, et al. Influence of infarct morphology and patterns on cognitive outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy. Stroke. 2024;55(5):1349\u201358.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1596_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2024.123071","volume":"462","author":"V Fruhwirth","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fruhwirth V, Berger L, Gattringer T, Fandler-H\u00f6fler S, Kneihsl M, Eppinger S, et al. White matter integrity and functional connectivity of the default mode network in acute stroke are associated with cognitive outcome three months post-stroke. J Neurol Sci. 2024;462:123071.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"52","key":"1596_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000046905","volume":"104","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J. Analysis of risk factors for vascular dementia following thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Medicine (Baltimore). 2025;104(52):e46905.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"1596_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x2025e14837","volume":"58","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Yuan Y, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yan Y. Association between pre-stroke frailty status and post-stroke cognitive impairment in patients with acute large artery atherosclerotic cerebral infarction. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2025;58:e14837.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-025-02396-8","volume":"30","author":"M Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye M. Clinical study on the effects of over time window thrombectomy and thrombolytic therapy on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor expression and postoperative brain function after acute cerebral infarction. Eur J Med Res. 2025;30(1):134.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"1596_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2858","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.125.051670","volume":"56","author":"S Sujanthan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sujanthan S, Rajkumar G, Dainty KN, Barense M, Lanctot KL, Owen AM, et al. Faster thrombolysis is associated with improved cognitive outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase and tenecteplase: a substudy of the AcT trial. Stroke. 2025;56(10):2858\u201365.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"1596_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S434296","volume":"19","author":"N Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li N, Zhang J, Li SJ, Du Y, Zhou Q, Gu HQ, et al. Multidimensional outcomes of IV thrombolysis in minor ischemic stroke: motor, psychocognitive, and dependence. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2023;19:2341\u201351.","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01688-x","volume":"9","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Liu Q, Meng H, Duan H, Liu X, Wu J, et al. Ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9(1):12.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/geriatrics5020032","volume":"5","author":"M Obaid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Obaid M, Flach C, Marshall I, Da Wolfe C, Douiri A. Long-term outcomes in stroke patients with cognitive impairment: a population-based study. Geriatrics (Basel). 2020;5(2):32.","journal-title":"Geriatrics (Basel)."},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987318825484","volume":"4","author":"E Sexton","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sexton E, McLoughlin A, Williams DJ, Merriman NA, Donnelly N, Rohde D, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of cognitive impairment no dementia in the first year post-stroke. Eur Stroke J. 2019;4(2):160\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur Stroke J"},{"issue":"5-6","key":"1596_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1159\/000492920","volume":"46","author":"M Barbay","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barbay M, Diouf M, Roussel M, Godefroy O. Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence in post-stroke neurocognitive disorders in hospital-based studies. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2018;46(5\u20136):322\u201334.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"key":"1596_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113665","author":"D Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim D, Yang PS, Lip GYH, Joung B. Atrial fibrillation increases the risk of early-onset dementia in the general population: data from a population-based cohort. J Clin Med. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9113665.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1596_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s12975-021-00916-2","volume":"12","author":"SH Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang SH, Liu R. Four decades of ischemic penumbra and its implication for ischemic stroke. Transl Stroke Res. 2021;12(6):937\u201345.","journal-title":"Transl Stroke Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-021-02327-2","volume":"21","author":"T Schellhorn","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schellhorn T, Zucknick M, Askim T, Munthe-Kaas R, Ihle-Hansen H, Seljeseth YM, et al. Pre-stroke cognitive impairment is associated with vascular imaging pathology: a prospective observational study. BMC Geriatr. 2021;21(1):362.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000783","volume":"33","author":"KP Doyle","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doyle KP, Buckwalter MS. Immunological mechanisms in poststroke dementia. Curr Opin Neurol. 2020;33(1):30\u20136.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12744","volume":"19","author":"MK Georgakis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Georgakis MK, Fang R, D\u00fcring M, Wollenweber FA, Bode FJ, St\u00f6sser S, et al. Cerebral small vessel disease burden and cognitive and functional outcomes after stroke: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Alzheimers Dement. 2023;19(4):1152\u201363.","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(23)00217-9","volume":"5","author":"J Filler","year":"2024","unstructured":"Filler J, Georgakis MK, Dichgans M. Risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Healthy Longev. 2024;5(1):e31\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13493","volume":"144","author":"D Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma D, Spring KJ, Bhaskar SMM. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in acute ischemic stroke: immunopathology, management, and prognosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2021;144(5):486\u201399.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"1596_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11102617","author":"VM Saceleanu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Saceleanu VM, Toader C, Ples H, Covache-Busuioc RA, Costin HP, Bratu BG, et al. Integrative approaches in acute ischemic stroke: from symptom recognition to future innovations. Biomedicines. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines11102617.","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2023.06.028","volume":"35","author":"A Jaywant","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaywant A, Keenan A. Pathophysiology, assessment, and management of post-stroke cognitive impairment, depression, and fatigue. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2024;35(2):463\u201378.","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2025.2492753","volume":"36","author":"S Humphrey","year":"2026","unstructured":"Humphrey S, Pike KE, Long B, Ma H, Bourke R, Wright BJ, et al. Invisible difficulties are easily missed when visible outcomes are positive: a qualitative study of patient perspectives following acute treatments for ischaemic stroke. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2026;36(1):131\u201349.","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"issue":"5","key":"1596_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2021.101623","volume":"65","author":"R Small","year":"2022","unstructured":"Small R, Wilson PH, Wong D, Rogers JM. Who, what, when, where, why, and how: a systematic review of the quality of post-stroke cognitive rehabilitation protocols. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2022;65(5):101623.","journal-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1596_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2024.110981","volume":"132","author":"J Khalife","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khalife J, Penckofer M, Dubinski MJ, Brown DC, Sprankle K, Hester T, et al. The doctor\u2013patient perception mismatch: Improving approaches to assessing outcomes after ischemic stroke treated with reperfusion therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2025;132:110981.","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"1596_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6057","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000001441","volume":"85","author":"C Elendu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elendu C, Amaechi DC, Elendu TC, Ibhiedu JO, Egbunu EO, Ndam AR, et al. Stroke and cognitive impairment: understanding the connection and managing symptoms. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2023;85(12):6057\u201366.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"1596_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.741328","volume":"12","author":"KN Koly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Koly KN, Baskin C, Khanam I, Rao M, Rasheed S, Law GR, et al. Educational and training interventions aimed at healthcare workers in the detection and management of people with mental health conditions in South and South-East Asia: a systematic review. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12:741328.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"1596_CR64","volume-title":"Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses","author":"M O\u2019Daniel","year":"2008","unstructured":"O\u2019Daniel M, Rosenstein AH. Professional communication and team collaboration. In: Hughes RG, editor. Patient safety and quality: an evidence-based handbook for nurses. Rockville: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2008."},{"issue":"7","key":"1596_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/0308022619841320","volume":"82","author":"J Ablewhite","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ablewhite J, Geraghty J, das Nair R, Lincoln N, Drummond A. Cognitive management pathways in stroke services (COMPASS): a qualitative investigation of key issues in relation to community stroke teams undertaking cognitive assessments. Br J Occup Ther. 2019;82(7):404\u201311.","journal-title":"Br J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19621","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-98853-5","volume":"11","author":"T Abzhandadze","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abzhandadze T, Buvarp D, Lundgren-Nilsson \u00c5, Sunnerhagen KS. Barriers to cognitive screening in acute stroke units. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):19621.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"1596_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.117.016994","volume":"49","author":"TJ Quinn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quinn TJ, Elliott E, Langhorne P. Cognitive and mood assessment tools for use in stroke. Stroke. 2018;49(2):483\u201390.","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"issue":"4","key":"1596_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-025-01161-z","volume":"39","author":"R Biswas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Biswas R, Wijeratne T, Zelenak K, Huasen BB, Iacobucci M, Killingsworth MC, et al. Disparities in access to reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (DARTS): a comprehensive meta-analysis of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographical factors. CNS Drugs. 2025;39(4):417\u201342.","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13167-024-00356-6","volume":"15","author":"O Golubnitschaja","year":"2024","unstructured":"Golubnitschaja O, Polivka J Jr., Potuznik P, Pesta M, Stetkarova I, Mazurakova A, et al. The paradigm change from reactive medical services to 3PM in ischemic stroke: a holistic approach utilising tear fluid multi-omics, mitochondria as a vital biosensor and AI-based multi-professional data interpretation. EPMA J. 2024;15(1):1\u201323.","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"1596_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00664","volume":"11","author":"S Bhaskar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bhaskar S, Bradley S, Israeli-Korn S, Menon B, Chattu VK, Thomas P, et al. Chronic neurology in COVID-19 era: clinical considerations and recommendations from the REPROGRAM consortium. Front Neurol. 2020;11:664.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1596_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56910-x","volume":"16","author":"GBD 2019 Acute and Chronic Care Collaborators","year":"2025","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Acute and Chronic Care Collaborators. Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):4235.","journal-title":"Nat Commun."}],"container-title":["Clinical Drug Investigation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:03:34Z","timestamp":1791245014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["1596"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40261-026-01596-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1173-2563","1179-1918"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1173-2563","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1918","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"SMMB reports paid or unpaid leadership, fiduciary, editorial, scientific advisory and professional service roles with the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan, as Visiting Director from 2023 to 2025; Rotary District 9675, Sydney, Australia, as District Chair for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion and Chair of the Rotary Reconciliation Action Plan; the Global Health and Migration Hub Community, Global Health Hub Germany, Berlin, Germany, as Chair, Founding Member and Manager; and several journal editorial boards. Dr Bhaskar has received honoraria for invited academic presentations and teaching from the\n                      Japan Stroke Society\n                      and Semey Medical University, Kazakhstan (as Visiting Professor), and travel support from the Japan Stroke Society and Asialink, The University of Melbourne. He also serves as a Member of the\n                      College of Reviewers\n                      for the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Government of Canada; Director of Research for the World Headache Society, Bengaluru, India; Member of the Scientific Review Committee at Cardiff University Biobank, Cardiff, UK; Scientific Adviser to Japan Connect, Osaka, Japan; and Expert Adviser\/Reviewer for the Cariplo Foundation, Milan, Italy. These roles are unrelated to the submitted work. All other authors report no conflicts of interest. The funding bodies had no role in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the views of affiliated institutions or funding agencies.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Stata analysis code and figure-rendering scripts are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Code availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The original contributions presented in this systematic review and meta-analysis are included in the article and Supplementary Materials 1 and 2. Supplementary Material 1 contains the detailed supplementary methods and results, Supplementary Tables\n                      \n                      \u2013S11, Supplementary Figures\n                      \n                      \u2013S15, Supplementary References, and the abbreviation list. Supplementary Material 2 contains the registered OSF protocol (registration 2nbeh). Extracted analysis datasets, data-extraction templates, statistical code, figure-rendering scripts, and output files are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request, subject to journal policy and copyright restrictions.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Availability of data and material","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Author contributions are reported according to the CRediT taxonomy. S. Raja contributed to investigation, screening, data acquisition, data extraction, data curation, formal analysis, interpretation of findings, drafting of the original manuscript, and manuscript review and editing. R. Weissert contributed to methodology, clinical and scientific interpretation, critical review, and manuscript editing. Z. Calic contributed to clinical interpretation, methodology refinement, critical review, and manuscript editing. P. Thomas contributed to clinical interpretation, review of the evidence synthesis, critical review, and manuscript editing. J. Chawla contributed to clinical interpretation, review of neurological relevance, critical review, and manuscript editing. S. Mederer Hengstl contributed to clinical interpretation, review of stroke and cognitive outcome relevance, critical review, and manuscript editing. I. Smokovski contributed to interpretation of findings, review of preventive and metabolic medicine relevance, critical review, and manuscript editing. O. Golubnitschaja contributed to interpretation of findings, preventive and personalised medicine framing, critical review, and manuscript editing. T. Tanaka contributed to clinical and cerebrovascular interpretation, critical review, and manuscript editing. K. J. Spring contributed to methodological interpretation, analytical review, critical review, and manuscript editing. M. C. Killingsworth contributed to translational and neuropathological interpretation, critical review, and manuscript editing. M. M. Mehndiratta contributed to clinical interpretation, review of stroke-neurology relevance, critical review, and manuscript editing. R. N. Kalaria contributed to vascular cognitive impairment and neuropathological interpretation, critical review, and manuscript editing. M. Ihara contributed to cerebrovascular and cognitive-neurology interpretation, senior critical review, and manuscript editing. S. M. M. Bhaskar conceived and conceptualised the PRECISE study, developed the overall framework, supervised the project, contributed to methodology, project administration, data interpretation, analysis verification, drafting of the original manuscript, and critical revision of the manuscript. S. M. M. Bhaskar also supervised students and staff members of the Global Health Neurology Lab and encouraged S. Raja to investigate the topic. All authors contributed to the intellectual content of the manuscript, reviewed and approved the final version of the work. The study team brought complementary expertise in stroke neurology, cognitive neurology, vascular cognitive impairment, systematic review methodology, evidence synthesis, statistical analysis, clinical stroke practice, translational neuroscience, and policy-relevant implementation. This multidisciplinary expertise informed the review question, eligibility criteria, outcome classification, risk-of-bias assessment, evidence interpretation, and development of the PRECISE-ACTION framework. All authors read and approved the final manuscript and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","label":"Author contributions","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}