{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T16:06:01Z","timestamp":1786982761683,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Pharmacokinet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]],"date-time":"2025-08-15T11:20:56Z","timestamp":1755256856000},"page":"1477-1494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Challenging Traditional ADME Assumptions for Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models for Intravenous Administration of Iron\u2013Carbohydrate Nanomedicines: Potential Utility of Gold Nanoparticle Models as a Roadmap"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"64","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy Barton","family":"Alston","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhoumeng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather Herd","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beat","family":"Fl\u00fchmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reinaldo","family":"Digigow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanesa","family":"Ayala-Nunez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2017.67","volume":"12","author":"SR D'Mello","year":"2017","unstructured":"D\u2019Mello SR, Cruz CN, Chen ML, Kapoor M, Lee SL, Tyner KM. The evolving landscape of drug products containing nanomaterials in the United States. Nat Nanotechnol. 2017;12(6):523\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2101","DOI":"10.1021\/mp200394t","volume":"8","author":"R Duncan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duncan R, Gaspar R. Nanomedicine(s) under the microscope. Mol Pharm. 2011;8(6):2101\u201341.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.03.020","volume":"160","author":"Y Barenholz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barenholz Y. Doxil(R)\u2014The first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release. 2012;160(2):117\u201334.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"1561_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2020.06.004","volume":"153","author":"S Nagpal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nagpal S, Braner S, Modh H, Tan AXX, Mast MP, Chichakly K, et al. A physiologically-based nanocarrier biopharmaceutics model to reverse-engineer the in vivo drug release. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2020;153:257\u201372.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1177\/1078155215594415","volume":"22","author":"JA Smith","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith JA, Costales AB, Jaffari M, Urbauer DL, Frumovitz M, Kutac CK, et al. Is it equivalent? Evaluation of the clinical activity of single agent Lipodox(R) compared to single agent Doxil(R) in ovarian cancer treatment. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2016;22(4):599\u2013604.","journal-title":"J Oncol Pharm Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-014-0218-2","volume":"54","author":"AB Pai","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pai AB. Evaluating plasma pharmacokinetics of intravenous iron formulations: judging books by their covers? Clin Pharmacokinet. 2015;54(4):323\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V1.2.129.129","volume":"1","author":"AT Goetsch","year":"1946","unstructured":"Goetsch AT, Moore CV, Minnich V. Observations on the effect of massive doses of iron given intravenously to patients with hypochromic anemia. Blood. 1946;1(2):129\u201342.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01215","volume":"16","author":"HM Neu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Neu HM, Alexishin SA, Brandis JEP, Williams AMC, Li W, Sun D, et al. Snapshots of iron speciation: tracking the fate of iron nanoparticle drugs via a liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric approach. Mol Pharm. 2019;16(3):1272\u201381.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"key":"1561_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garbowski MW, Cabantchik I, Hershko C, Hider R, Porter JB. The clinical relevance of detectable plasma iron species in iron overload states and subsequent to intravenous iron\u2013carbohydrate administration. Am J Hematol. 2023;98(3):533\u201340","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26819"},{"key":"1561_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arsiwala T, Vogt AS, Barton AE, Manolova V, Funk F, Fl\u00fchmann B, et al. Kupffer cells and blood monocytes orchestrate the clearance of iron\u2013carbohydrate nanoparticles from serum. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(5).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052666"},{"key":"1561_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2022.03.006","volume":"174","author":"F Funk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Funk F, Weber K, Nyffenegger N, Fuchs JA, Barton A. Tissue biodistribution of intravenous iron\u2013carbohydrate nanomedicines differs between preparations with varying physicochemical characteristics in an anemic rat model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022;174:56\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"1561_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22126493","author":"E Nemeth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nemeth E, Ganz T. Hepcidin-ferroportin interaction controls systemic iron homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22126493.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2022.109946","volume":"360","author":"G Tao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tao G, Chityala PK, Li L, Lin Z, Ghose R. Development of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict irinotecan disposition during inflammation. Chem Biol Interact. 2022;360: 109946.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"key":"1561_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garbowski MW, Bansal S, Porter JB, Mori C, Burckhardt S, Hider RC. Intravenous iron preparations transiently generate non-transferrin-bound iron from two proposed pathways. Haematologica. 2021;106(11):2885\u201396 (Online ahead of print).","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2020.250803"},{"issue":"17","key":"1561_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3963","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12604","volume":"171","author":"DM Moss","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moss DM, Siccardi M. Optimizing nanomedicine pharmacokinetics using physiologically based pharmacokinetics modelling. Br J Pharmacol. 2014;171(17):3963\u201379.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"1561_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2023.106521","volume":"188","author":"L Krupnik","year":"2023","unstructured":"Krupnik L, Joshi P, Kappler A, Fl\u00fchmann B, Alston AB, Digigow R, et al. Critical nanomaterial attributes of iron\u2013carbohydrate nanoparticles: leveraging orthogonal methods to resolve the 3-dimensional structure. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2023;188: 106521.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.02.044","volume":"368","author":"L Krupnik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krupnik L, Avaro J, Liebi M, Anaraki NI, Kohlbrecher J, Sologubenko A, et al. Iron\u2013carbohydrate complexes treating iron anaemia: understanding the nano-structure and interactions with proteins through orthogonal characterisation. J Control Release. 2024;368:566\u201379.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1561_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.03.029","volume":"505","author":"Y Wu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wu Y, Petrochenko P, Chen L, Wong SY, Absar M, Choi S, et al. Core size determination and structural characterization of intravenous iron complexes by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. Int J Pharm. 2016;505(1\u20132):167\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"1561_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36749","author":"R Digigow","year":"2024","unstructured":"Digigow R, Burgert M, Luechinger M, Sologubenko A, Rzepiela AJ, Handschin S, et al. Nano-scale characterization of iron\u2013carbohydrate complexes by cryogenic scanning transmission electron microscopy: building the bridge to biorelevant characterization. Heliyon. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e36749.","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-017-0126-0","volume":"19","author":"P Zou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zou P, Tyner K, Raw A, Lee S. Physicochemical characterization of iron carbohydrate colloid drug products. AAPS J. 2017;19(5):1359\u201376.","journal-title":"AAPS J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2011.03.016","volume":"78","author":"MR Jahn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jahn MR, Andreasen HB, Futterer S, Nawroth T, Schunemann V, Kolb U, et al. A comparative study of the physicochemical properties of iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer), a new intravenous iron preparation and its clinical implications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;78(3):480\u201391.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"1561_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burgert M, Marques CB, Borchard G, Philipp E, Wilhelm M, Alston A, et al. Dynamic Light scattering analysis for the determination of the particle size of iron\u2013carbohydrate complexes. J Vis Exp. 2023;(197).","DOI":"10.3791\/63820"},{"key":"1561_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2019.02.012","volume":"131","author":"T Di Francesco","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di Francesco T, Sublet E, Borchard G. Nanomedicines in clinical practice: are colloidal iron sucrose ready-to-use intravenous solutions interchangeable? Eur J Pharm Sci. 2019;131:69\u201374.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12443","volume":"10","author":"AB Pai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pai AB, Meyer DE, Bales BC, Cotero VE, Pai MP, Zheng N, et al. Performance of redox active and chelatable iron assays to determine labile iron release from intravenous iron formulations. Clin Transl Sci. 2017;10(3):194\u2013200.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2018.05.014","volume":"97","author":"AB Pai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pai AB, Pai MP, Meyer DE, Bales BC, Cotero VE, Zheng N, et al. In vitro and in vivo DFO-chelatable labile iron release profiles among commercially available intravenous iron nanoparticle formulations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2018;97:17\u201323.","journal-title":"Regul Toxicol Pharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2362.2009.02130.x","volume":"39","author":"VS Balakrishnan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balakrishnan VS, Rao M, Kausz AT, Brenner L, Pereira BJ, Frigo TB, et al. Physicochemical properties of ferumoxytol, a new intravenous iron preparation. Eur J Clin Invest. 2009;39(6):489\u201396.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"1561_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2020.102178","volume":"26","author":"N Nikravesh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nikravesh N, Borchard G, Hofmann H, Philipp E, Fluhmann B, Wick P. Factors influencing safety and efficacy of intravenous iron\u2013carbohydrate nanomedicines: From production to clinical practice. Nanomedicine. 2020;26: 102178.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"1561_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bios12100903","author":"G Sevimli","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sevimli G, Alston AE, Funk F, Fl\u00fchmann B, Malli R, Graier WF, et al. Probing subcellular iron availability with genetically encoded nitric oxide biosensors. Biosensors. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios12100903.","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01179.x","volume":"104","author":"S Beshara","year":"1999","unstructured":"Beshara S, Lundqvist H, Sundin J, Lubberink M, Tolmachev V, Valind S, et al. Pharmacokinetics and red cell utilization of iron(III) hydroxide-sucrose complex in anaemic patients: a study using positron emission tomography. Br J Haematol. 1999;104(2):296\u2013302.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V34.3.357.357","volume":"34","author":"PA Henderson","year":"1969","unstructured":"Henderson PA, Hillman RS. Characteristics of iron dextran utilization in man. Blood. 1969;34(3):357\u201375.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"1561_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003299","volume":"9","author":"S Mitchell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mitchell S, Mendes P. A computational model of liver iron metabolism. PLoS Comput Biol. 2013;9(11): e1003299.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"1561_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saboor M, Zehra A, Hamali HA, Mobarki AA. Revisiting iron metabolism, iron homeostasis and iron deficiency anemia. Clin Lab. 2021;67(3).","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2020.200742"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1006060","volume":"14","author":"J Sarkar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarkar J, Potdar AA, Saidel GM. Whole-body iron transport and metabolism: mechanistic, multi-scale model to improve treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. PLoS Comput Biol. 2018;14(4): e1006060.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"1561_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2022.03.006","author":"FWK Funk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Funk FWK, Nyffenegger N, Fuchs JA, Barton A. Tissue biodistribution of intravenous iron\u2013carbohydrate nanomedicines differs between preparations with varying physicochemical characteristics in an anemic rat model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2022.03.006.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"8","key":"1561_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2021.05.001","volume":"42","author":"K Roemhild","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roemhild K, von Maltzahn F, Weiskirchen R, Kn\u00fcchel R, von Stillfried S, Lammers T. Iron metabolism: pathophysiology and pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021;42(8):640\u201356.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR36","volume-title":"Dynamics of biodegradation of iron carbohydrates complexes in macrophages, a clue to understand their therapeutic effect","author":"S Eitner","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eitner S, Kissling V, Rippl Alston A, Digigow R, Gogos A, B\u00fcrgi J, G\u00e4chter S, Fl\u00fchmann B, Wick P, Ayala Nunez V. Dynamics of biodegradation of iron carbohydrates complexes in macrophages, a clue to understand their therapeutic effect. Bologna: Controlled Release Society; 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnha.2024.100212","volume":"28","author":"RS Zeidan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeidan RS, Martenson M, Tamargo JA, McLaren C, Ezzati A, Lin Y, et al. Iron homeostasis in older adults: balancing nutritional requirements and health risks. J Nutr Health Aging. 2024;28(5): 100212.","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17164","volume":"191","author":"JB Porter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Porter JB. Iron through the prism of haematology. Br J Haematol. 2020;191(4):587\u201392.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"1561_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2023.04.025","volume":"188","author":"AB Alston","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alston AB, Digigow R, Fl\u00fchmann B, Wacker MG. Putting square pegs in round holes: why traditional pharmacokinetic principles cannot universally be applied to iron\u2013carbohydrate complexes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2023;188:6\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR40","first-page":"79","volume":"9","author":"AH Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva AH, Lima Jr E, Mansilla MV, Zysler RD, Pisciotti MLM, Locatelli C, et al. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) accumulation in vivo. Eur J Nanomed. 2017;9(2):79\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur J Nanomed"},{"issue":"37","key":"1561_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4617","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.15.4617","volume":"15","author":"M Mu\u00f1oz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz M, Villar I, Garc\u00eda-Erce JA. An update on iron physiology. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15(37):4617\u201326.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1561_CR42","unstructured":"Administration FaD. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic analyses-format and content 2018."},{"key":"1561_CR43","unstructured":"Safety IPoC. Characterization and application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in risk assessment. Wold Health Organization. 2010;Harmonization Project Document No. 9."},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.1013","volume":"104","author":"M Shebley","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shebley M, Sandhu P, Emami Riedmaier A, Jamei M, Narayanan R, Patel A, et al. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model qualification and reporting procedures for regulatory submissions: a consortium perspective. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2018;104(1):88\u2013110.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"S1","key":"1561_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.1767","volume":"60","author":"X Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang X, Yang Y, Grimstein M, Fan J, Grillo JA, Huang S-M, et al. Application of PBPK modeling and simulation for regulatory decision making and its impact on us prescribing information: an update on the 2018\u20132019 submissions to the US FDA\u2019s office of clinical pharmacology. J Clin Pharmacol. 2020;60(S1):S160\u201378.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12311","volume":"39","author":"Z Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Z, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Lav\u00e9 T, Riviere JE. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health - part II: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2016;39(5):421\u201338.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1561_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2025.109339","volume":"197","author":"K Mi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mi K, Wu X, Lin Z. Chemical risk assessment in food animals via physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling \u2013 part I: veterinary drugs on human food safety assessment. Environ Int. 2025;197: 109339.","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"1561_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19722","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c07312","volume":"16","author":"Z Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin Z, Aryal S, Cheng YH, Gesquiere AJ. Integration of in vitro and in vivo models to predict cellular and tissue dosimetry of nanomaterials using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling. ACS Nano. 2022;16(12):19722\u201354.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1561_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozbek O, Genc DE, O. Ulgen K. Advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of nanomaterials. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024;7(8):2251-79.","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00250"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"1561_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1107\/S1600577519004909","volume":"26","author":"L Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang L, Mai J, Zhu Q, Guo Z, Qin S, Yang P, et al. Reversible rearrangement of magnetic nanoparticles in solution studied using time-resolved SAXS method. J Synchrotron Radiat. 2019;26(Pt 4):1294\u2013301.","journal-title":"J Synchrotron Radiat"},{"key":"1561_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030511","author":"T Dubaj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubaj T, Kozics K, Sramkova M, Manova A, Bast\u00fas NG, Moriones OH, et al. Pharmacokinetics of PEGylated gold nanoparticles: in vitro-in vivo correlation. Nanomaterials. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12030511.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-022-00489-4","volume":"19","author":"W-C Chou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chou W-C, Cheng Y-H, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Kreyling WG, Lin Z. Development of a multi-route physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for nanomaterials: a comparison between a traditional versus a new route-specific approach using gold nanoparticles in rats. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2022;19(1):47.","journal-title":"Part Fibre Toxicol"},{"key":"1561_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2024.2401430","author":"CR Kirman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kirman CR, Kent B, Bigelow J, Canady RA, Chen Q, Chou WC, et al. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of metal nanoparticles for risk assessment of inhalation exposures: a state-of-the-science expert panel review. Nanotoxicology. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17435390.2024.2401430.","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2018.10.037","volume":"108","author":"D Yuan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yuan D, He H, Wu Y, Fan J, Cao Y. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci. 2019;108(1):58\u201372.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.impact.2024.100524","volume":"35","author":"RN Azizah","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azizah RN, Verheyen GR, Shkedy Z, Van Miert S. Overview of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approaches for the risk assessment of nanomaterial toxicity. NanoImpact. 2024;35: 100524.","journal-title":"NanoImpact"},{"key":"1561_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020406","author":"H Zazo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zazo H, Colino CI, Guti\u00e9rrez-Mill\u00e1n C, Cordero AA, Bartneck M, Lanao JM. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of gold nanoparticle-based drug delivery system for stavudine biodistribution. Pharmaceutics. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics14020406.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11040179","volume":"11","author":"M Aborig","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aborig M, Malik PRV, Nambiar S, Chelle P, Darko J, Mutsaers A, et al. Biodistribution and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of gold nanoparticles in mice with interspecies extrapolation. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(4):179.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"1561_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114765","volume":"384","author":"L Deng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deng L, Liu H, Ma Y, Miao Y, Fu X, Deng Q. Endocytosis mechanism in physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of nanoparticles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2019;384: 114765.","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR59","first-page":"162","volume":"10","author":"Z Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Z, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for polyethylene glycol-coated gold nanoparticles of different sizes in adult mice. Nanotoxicology. 2016;10(2):162\u201372.","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b03854","volume":"16","author":"X Liang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liang X, Wang H, Grice JE, Li L, Liu X, Xu ZP, et al. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for long-circulating inorganic nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2016;16(2):939\u201345.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"1561_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.03.007","volume":"345","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Yuan M, Madison CA, Eitan S, Wang Y. Blood-brain barrier crossing using magnetic stimulated nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2022;345:557\u201371.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.15.177","volume":"11","author":"Z Lin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Z, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Kannan R, Riviere JE. A computational framework for interspecies pharmacokinetics, exposure and toxicity assessment of gold nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2016;11(2):107\u201319.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3075","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b08142","volume":"14","author":"Y-H Cheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cheng Y-H, He C, Riviere JE, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Lin Z. Meta-analysis of nanoparticle delivery to tumors using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling and simulation approach. ACS Nano. 2020;14(3):3075\u201395.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"1561_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.040","volume":"361","author":"W-C Chou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chou W-C, Chen Q, Yuan L, Cheng Y-H, He C, Monteiro-Riviere NA, et al. An artificial intelligence-assisted physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model to predict nanoparticle delivery to tumors in mice. J Control Release. 2023;361:53\u201363.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax2642","volume":"6","author":"E Price","year":"2020","unstructured":"Price E, Gesquiere AJ. Animal simulations facilitate smart drug design through prediction of nanomaterial transport to individual tissue cells. Sci Adv. 2020;6(4): eaax2642.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2010.80","volume":"88","author":"AB Pai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pai AB, Nielsen JC, Kausz A, Miller P, Owen JS. Plasma pharmacokinetics of two consecutive doses of ferumoxytol in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2010;88(2):237\u201342.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1561_CR67","unstructured":"Alston A, Digigow R, Fl\u00fchmann B. Exploring the potential influence of physicochemical characteristics on biodistribution of ironcarbohydrate nanoparticles using a chicken egg embryo. Poster presented at. AAPS PharmSci. 2024;360."},{"key":"1561_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-024-01675-x","author":"X Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan X, Cao K, Wong RSM, Yan X. A whole-body mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling of intravenous iron. Drug Deliv Transl Res. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13346-024-01675-x.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1561_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.08.082","volume":"241","author":"K Sch\u00fcmann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sch\u00fcmann K, Szegner B, Kohler B, Pfaffl MW, Ettle T. A method to assess 59Fe in residual tissue blood content in mice and its use to correct 59Fe-distribution kinetics accordingly. Toxicology. 2007;241(1\u20132):19\u201332.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"6a","key":"1561_CR70","first-page":"362","volume":"60","author":"P Geisser","year":"2010","unstructured":"Geisser P, Bank\u00e9-Bochita J. Pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose: a dose-escalation study in volunteers with mild iron-deficiency anaemia. Arzneimittelforschung. 2010;60(6a):362\u201372.","journal-title":"Arzneimittelforschung"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23042140","volume":"23","author":"FF Funk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Funk FF, Barton A. Criticality of surface characteristics of intravenous iron\u2013carbohydrate nanoparticle complexes: implications for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;23(4):2140.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1561_CR72","unstructured":"Venofer. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. Vifor (International) Inc. June 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/021135s038lbl.pdf. Accessed 22 July 2025."},{"issue":"6556","key":"1561_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(49)91958-3","volume":"1","author":"JA Nissim","year":"1949","unstructured":"Nissim JA, Robson JM. Preparation and standardization of saccharated iron oxide for intra venous administration. Lancet. 1949;1(6556):686\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1561_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2013.08.005","volume":"86","author":"S Futterer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Futterer S, Andrusenko I, Kolb U, Hofmeister W, Langguth P. Structural characterization of iron oxide\/hydroxide nanoparticles in nine different parenteral drugs for the treatment of iron deficiency anaemia by electron diffraction (ED) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD). J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2013;86:151\u201360.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"11","key":"1561_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinorgbio.2004.06.010","volume":"98","author":"DS Kudasheva","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kudasheva DS, Lai J, Ulman A, Cowman MK. Structure of carbohydrate-bound polynuclear iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles in parenteral formulations. J Inorg Biochem. 2004;98(11):1757\u201369.","journal-title":"J Inorg Biochem"},{"key":"1561_CR76","unstructured":"Ferrlecit. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. sanofi-aventis U.S. LLC March 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/020955s020lbl.pdf. Accessed July 22, 2025"},{"key":"1561_CR77","unstructured":"INFeD. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. AbbVie Inc. August 2024. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/017441s181lbl.pdf Accessed July 22, 2025"},{"key":"1561_CR78","unstructured":"Monoferric. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. Pharmacosmos A\/S. August 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2024\/208171s003lbl.pdf. Accessed 22 July 2025."},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-015-9845-9","volume":"28","author":"S Neiser","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neiser S, Rentsch D, Dippon U, Kappler A, Weidler PG, Gottlicher J, et al. Physico-chemical properties of the new generation IV iron preparations ferumoxytol, iron isomaltoside 1000 and ferric carboxymaltose. Biometals. 2015;28(4):615\u201335.","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"1561_CR80","unstructured":"Injectafer. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. Vifor (International) Inc. January 2025. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2025\/203565s027lbl.pdf. Accessed 22 July  2025."},{"key":"1561_CR81","unstructured":"Feraheme. US Food and Drug Administration Prescribing Information. AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. June 2022. https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/label\/2022\/022180s025lbl.pdf. Accessed 22 July 2025."},{"key":"1561_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.01.029","volume":"152","author":"T Di Francesco","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Francesco T, Borchard G. A robust and easily reproducible protocol for the determination of size and size distribution of iron sucrose using dynamic light scattering. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;152:89\u201393.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"1561_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enver Murad JC. M\u00f6ssbauer spectroscopy of environmental materials and their industrial utilization. 1 ed: Springer Science+Business Media New York 2004.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9040-2"},{"issue":"14","key":"1561_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6916","DOI":"10.1039\/D0NR08434D","volume":"13","author":"C Appel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Appel C, Kuttich B, Kraus T, St\u00fchn B. In situ investigation of temperature induced agglomeration in non-polar magnetic nanoparticle dispersions by small angle X-ray scattering. Nanoscale. 2021;13(14):6916\u201320.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"10","key":"1561_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b01207","volume":"29","author":"A Lassenberger","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lassenberger A, Gr\u00fcnewald TA, van Oostrum PDJ, Rennhofer H, Amenitsch H, Zirbs R, et al. Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles by thermal decomposition: elucidating particle formation by second-resolved in situ small-angle X-ray scattering. Chem Mater. 2017;29(10):4511\u201322.","journal-title":"Chem Mater"},{"issue":"12","key":"1561_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3548","DOI":"10.1021\/la404712r","volume":"30","author":"AL Rose","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rose AL, Bligh MW, Collins RN, Waite TD. Resolving early stages of homogeneous iron(III) oxyhydroxide formation from iron(III) nitrate solutions at pH 3 using time-resolved SAXS. Langmuir. 2014;30(12):3548\u201356.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2006.09.002","volume":"27","author":"M Bonini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bonini M, Fratini E, Baglioni P. SAXS study of chain-like structures formed by magnetic nanoparticles. Mater Sci Eng: C. 2007;27(5):1377\u201381.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Eng: C"},{"issue":"43","key":"1561_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18541","DOI":"10.1039\/C6NR06275J","volume":"8","author":"Z Fu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fu Z, Xiao Y, Feoktystov A, Pipich V, Appavou MS, Su Y, et al. Field-induced self-assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles investigated using small-angle neutron scattering. Nanoscale. 2016;8(43):18541\u201350.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"issue":"23","key":"1561_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9341","DOI":"10.1021\/ma401975a","volume":"46","author":"MJA Hore","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hore MJA, Ford J, Ohno K, Composto RJ, Hammouda B. Direct measurements of polymer brush conformation using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from highly grafted iron oxide nanoparticles in homopolymer melts. Macromolecules. 2013;46(23):9341\u20138.","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"issue":"12","key":"1561_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8008","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5b04011","volume":"15","author":"BT Diroll","year":"2015","unstructured":"Diroll BT, Weigandt KM, Jishkariani D, Cargnello M, Murphy RJ, Hough LA, et al. Quantifying \u201csoftness\u201d of organic coatings on gold nanoparticles using correlated small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Nano Lett. 2015;15(12):8008\u201312.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1808","volume":"14","author":"Q Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Q, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Toxicokinetics, dose-response, and risk assessment of nanomaterials: methodology, challenges, and future perspectives. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2022;14(6): e1808.","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"1561_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaerosci.2015.12.006","volume":"99","author":"O Schmid","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schmid O, Stoeger T. Surface area is the biologically most effective dose metric for acute nanoparticle toxicity in the lung. J Aerosol Sci. 2016;99:133\u201343.","journal-title":"J Aerosol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A290","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.115-a290a","volume":"115","author":"G Oberd\u00f6rster","year":"2007","unstructured":"Oberd\u00f6rster G, Oberd\u00f6rster E, Oberd\u00f6rster J. Concepts of nanoparticle dose metric and response metric. Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(6):A290.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9254","volume":"115","author":"K Wittmaack","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wittmaack K. In search of the most relevant parameter for quantifying lung inflammatory response to nanoparticle exposure: particle number, surface area, or what? Environ Health Perspect. 2007;115(2):187\u201394.","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3109\/17435390.2014.940404","volume":"9","author":"G Bachler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bachler G, von Goetz N, Hungerbuhler K. Using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling for dietary risk assessment of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology. 2015;9(3):373\u201380.","journal-title":"Nanotoxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1080\/19420862.2016.1261775","volume":"9","author":"PM Glassman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Glassman PM, Balthasar JP. Physiologically-based modeling to predict the clinical behavior of monoclonal antibodies directed against lymphocyte antigens. MAbs. 2017;9(2):297\u2013306.","journal-title":"MAbs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2021.10.007","volume":"111","author":"S Perazzolo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Perazzolo S, Shireman LM, Shen DD, Ho RJY. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of 3 HIV drugs in combination and the role of lymphatic system after subcutaneous dosing. Part 1: model for the free-drug mixture. J Pharm Sci. 2022;111(2):529\u201341.","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064690","volume":"8","author":"F Darabi Sahneh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Darabi Sahneh F, Scoglio C, Riviere J. Dynamics of nanoparticle-protein corona complex formation: analytical results from population balance equations. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5): e64690.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2290","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.5c00389","volume":"8","author":"X Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen X, Lin Z. Mechanistic modeling of size and surface charge changes of gold and silver nanoparticles during in vitro nanoparticle protein corona formation. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2025;8(7):2290\u2013307.","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-021-00858-8","volume":"16","author":"JJ Rennick","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rennick JJ, Johnston APR, Parton RG. Key principles and methods for studying the endocytosis of biological and nanoparticle therapeutics. Nat Nanotechnol. 2021;16(3):266\u201376.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2014.04.008","volume":"9","author":"S Barua","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barua S, Mitragotri S. Challenges associated with penetration of nanoparticles across cell and tissue barriers: a review of current status and future prospects. Nano Today. 2014;9(2):223\u201343.","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"1561_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2024.102798","volume":"63","author":"G Bila","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bila G, Utka V, Grytsko R, Vovk V, Bilyy R. Formation of aggregated neutrophil extracellular traps in tissues is determining the efficacy of particulate nanoadjuvants. Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med. 2025;63: 102798.","journal-title":"Nanomed Nanotechnol Biol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1561_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1340","volume":"25","author":"HS Choi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Choi HS, Liu W, Misra P, Tanaka E, Zimmer JP, Itty Ipe B, et al. Renal clearance of quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol. 2007;25(10):1165\u201370.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5785","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b01383","volume":"13","author":"W Poon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Poon W, Zhang YN, Ouyang B, Kingston BR, Wu JLY, Wilhelm S, et al. Elimination pathways of nanoparticles. ACS Nano. 2019;13(5):5785\u201398.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.14.60","volume":"10","author":"FD Sahneh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sahneh FD, Scoglio CM, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE. Predicting the impact of biocorona formation kinetics on interspecies extrapolations of nanoparticle biodistribution modeling. Nanomedicine (Lond). 2015;10(1):25\u201333.","journal-title":"Nanomedicine (Lond)"},{"key":"1561_CR106","first-page":"3365","volume":"8","author":"G Bachler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bachler G, von Goetz N, Hungerb\u00fchler K. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for ionic silver and silver nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013;8:3365\u201382.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1304","volume":"7","author":"Z Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin Z, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Riviere JE. Pharmacokinetics of metallic nanoparticles. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2015;7(2):189\u2013217.","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.24","volume":"1","author":"JE Riviere","year":"2009","unstructured":"Riviere JE. Pharmacokinetics of nanomaterials: an overview of carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and quantum dots. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009;1(1):26\u201334.","journal-title":"WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Pharmacokinetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T12:02:39Z","timestamp":1759147359000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40262-025-01561-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0312-5963","1179-1926"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0312-5963","type":"print"},{"value":"1179-1926","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 August 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This work summarizes workshop proceedings from \u201cPBPK Workshop on Iron\u2013carbohydrate Nanomedicines\u201d held 23 and 24 April 2024 at the University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Orlando, FL. Z.L., S.S., and H.G. received honoraria for workshop participation from Vifor (international) AG.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"A.A., B.F., and R.D. are employees of CSL Vifor. V.A., H.G., Z.L., and S.S. report no conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Availability of Data and Material"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable","order":8,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"All authors made significant contributions to the concept and design of this manuscript, critical review of draft versions of the manuscript, and the provided final approval of the version to be published.","order":9,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Author Contributions"}}]}}